不同操作压力下的气液过滤特性分析
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摘要
根据ISO-12500标准建立了压缩空气滤芯性能检测系统,将操作压力由0.1 MPa升至0.7 MPa,分析了操作压力对亲油型和疏油型两种滤芯内的液体分布、滤材饱和度和过程压降的影响.结果表明,操作压力对疏油型滤芯的过程压降、液体运移与饱和度有显著影响,操作压力每上升0.2MPa,滤芯初始压降上升0.32kPa,各操作压力下滤芯润湿压降(平衡压降与初始压降的差)为4.5～5.1 kPa,0.7 MPa时最后1层滤材饱和度比0.1 MPa时上升了71%,饱和度沿气体流动方向呈凹型分布,小面积润湿区域增多,稳态压降前出现短暂跃升阶段,可能加剧滤芯二次夹带,导致过滤器下游管道内液滴数增多,降低过滤器效率;操作压力对亲油型滤芯的初始压降影响显著,操作压力每上升0.2 MPa,初始压降上升0.39 kPa;操作压力对液体运移与饱和度影响较小,不同操作压力下各层滤材饱和度的分布规律相同,液体分布无明显差异.
The oil droplet and powder in gas will caused serious damage to the equipment in the processes of dry gas seals, long-distance transmission of natural gas and large rotating machinery crankcase ventilation, the filter test under atmospheric pressure cannot accurately show the filter performance. According to the ISO-12500 standard, a performance testing system of compressed air filter was established, the experimental operating pressure can be adjusted from 0.1 MPa to 0.7 MPa. The effects of operating pressures on lipophilic and oleophobic filter's liquid distribution, saturation and pressure drop were analyzed. The results showed that the pressure had a significant effect on the initial pressure drop, liquid migration and saturation of the oleophobic filter. When the operating pressure rose 0.2 MPa, the initial pressure drop of the filter rose by 0.32 kPa, the wetting pressure drop of the filter element(the difference between the equilibrium pressure drop and the initial pressure drop) fluctuated between 4.5 kPa and 5.1 kPa under each operating pressure. Compared with 0.1 MPa, the saturation of the last layer increased by 71% under 0.7 MPa. The number of small wetting area increased and there was a short jump stage before the pressure drop reached equilibrium under 0.7 MPa, this may aggravate the re-entrainment of the filter element, resulting in an increase in the number of droplets in the downstream pipe of the filter, reducing the efficiency of the filter. Influence of operating pressure on the initial pressure drop of lipophilic filter was remarkable, when the operating pressure rose 0.2 MPa, the initial pressure drop of the filter rose by 0.39 kPa. Operating pressure had little effect on fluid migration and saturation, each layer had the same filter saturation distribution, liquid distribution under different operating pressure.
The oil droplet and powder in gas will caused serious damage to the equipment in the processes of dry gas seals, long-distance transmission of natural gas and large rotating machinery crankcase ventilation, the filter test under atmospheric pressure cannot accurately show the filter performance. According to the ISO-12500 standard, a performance testing system of compressed air filter was established, the experimental operating pressure can be adjusted from 0.1 MPa to 0.7 MPa. The effects of operating pressures on lipophilic and oleophobic filter's liquid distribution, saturation and pressure drop were analyzed. The results showed that the pressure had a significant effect on the initial pressure drop, liquid migration and saturation of the oleophobic filter. When the operating pressure rose 0.2 MPa, the initial pressure drop of the filter rose by 0.32 kPa, the wetting pressure drop of the filter element(the difference between the equilibrium pressure drop and the initial pressure drop) fluctuated between 4.5 kPa and 5.1 kPa under each operating pressure. Compared with 0.1 MPa, the saturation of the last layer increased by 71% under 0.7 MPa. The number of small wetting area increased and there was a short jump stage before the pressure drop reached equilibrium under 0.7 MPa, this may aggravate the re-entrainment of the filter element, resulting in an increase in the number of droplets in the downstream pipe of the filter, reducing the efficiency of the filter. Influence of operating pressure on the initial pressure drop of lipophilic filter was remarkable, when the operating pressure rose 0.2 MPa, the initial pressure drop of the filter rose by 0.39 kPa. Operating pressure had little effect on fluid migration and saturation, each layer had the same filter saturation distribution, liquid distribution under different operating pressure.
引文
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[13]孙树伟,郑旭,孔高攀,等.壁面带微结构管道内Cassie状态稳定性的实验研究[J].实验流体力学,2013,27(3):1-6.Sun S W,Zheng X,Kong G P,et al.Experimental study of Cassie state stability inside a microchannel with microstuctured surface[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics,2013,27(3):1-6.
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[16]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.压缩空气过滤器实验方法:GBT 30475.1-2013[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2013:3-5.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.Filters for compressed air-test methods:GBT 34475.1-2013[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2013:3-5.
[17]The International Organization for Standardization.Filters for compressed air-test methods:BS ISO 12500.1-2009[S].Switzerland:The International Organization for Standardization,2009:3-6.
[18]American Society of Heating,Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers,Inc.Method of testing general ventilation air-cleaning devices for removal efficiency by particle size:ASHRAE 52.2:2007[S].Georgia:American Society of Heating,Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers,Inc.,2007:3-6.
[19]British Standards Institution.Particulate air filters for general ventilation-determination of the filtration performance:EN 779:2012[S].England:BSI Standards Publication,2012:16-19.
[20]邵春明.天然气压缩机干气密封滤芯性能测定与分析[J].石油机械,2017,45(4):102-106.Shao C M.Measurement and analysis on the performance of dry-gas-seal filter cartridge of natural gas compressor[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2017,45(4):102-106.
[2]Charvet A,Gonthier Y,Bernis A,et al.Filtration of liquid aerosols with a horizontal fibrous filter[J].Chem.Eng.Res.Des.,2008,86:569-576.
[3]陈锋,姬忠礼,齐强强.静电纺聚丙烯晴纳米纤维复合滤材的制备及其气液过滤性能[J].纺织学报,2017,38(9):8-13.Chen F,Ji Z L,Qi Q Q.Preparation and gas-liquid filtration performance of composite filters of electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers[J].Journal of Textile Research,2017,38(9):8-13.
[4]熊至宜,姬忠礼,冯亮,等.聚结滤芯过滤元件过滤性能影响因素的测定与分析[J].化工学报,2012,63(6):1742-1748.Xiong Z Y,Ji Z L,Feng L,et al.Measurement and analysis on influencing factors for filtration performance of filter coalescer element[J].CIESC Journal,2012,63(6):1742-1748.
[5]李柏松,姬忠礼,汪生月.滤材结构参数对气液过滤效率的影响[J].石油机械,2009,37(10):38-40.Li B S,Ji Z L,Wang Y S.Effect of filter structure parameters on gas and liquid filtration efficiency[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2009,37(10):38-40.
[6]肖连,古自强,常程,等.天然气净化用过滤元件性能测定与分析[J].石油机械,2015,43(12):81-85.Xiao L,Gu Z Q,Chang C,et al.Performance test of filter cartridge for natural gas purification[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2015,43(12):81-85.
[7]Benjamin J,Mullins B J,Roger D,et al.Capillarity in fibrous filter media:relationship to filter properties[J].Chem.Eng.Sci.,2007,62:6191-6198.
[8]Mullins B J,Braddock R D,Agranovski I E,et al.Observation and modeling of clamshell droplets on vertical fibers subjected to gravitational and drag forces[J].J.Colloid Interface Sci.,2005,284:245-254.
[9]Mullins B J,Braddock R D,Agranovski I E,et al.Observation and modeling of barrel droplets on vertical fibers subjected to gravitational and drag forces[J].J.Colloid Interface Sci.,2006,300:704-712.
[10]Kampa D,Wurster S,Buzengeiger J,et al.Pressure drop and liquid transport through coalescence filter media used for oil mist filtration[J].Int.J.Multiphase Flow,2014,58:313-324.
[11]Kampa D,Wurster S,Meyer J,et al.Validation of a new phenomenological“jump-and-channel”model for the wet pressure drop of oil mist filters[J].Chem.Eng.Sci.,2015,122:150-160.
[12]Chang C,Ji Z L,Liu J L.The effect of a drainage layer on the saturation of coalescing filters in the filtration process[J].Chem.Eng.Sci.,2017,160:354-361.
[13]孙树伟,郑旭,孔高攀,等.壁面带微结构管道内Cassie状态稳定性的实验研究[J].实验流体力学,2013,27(3):1-6.Sun S W,Zheng X,Kong G P,et al.Experimental study of Cassie state stability inside a microchannel with microstuctured surface[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics,2013,27(3):1-6.
[14]黄建业,王峰会.压力作用下Cassie状态的热力学稳定性[J].科学通报,2014,59(31):3066-3071.Huang J Y,Wang F H.Thermodynamic stability of Cassie states under pressure[J].Science China,2014,59(31):3066-3071.
[15]Murilo D M,Innocentinia E H,TanabebMonica L,et al.Filtration of gases at high pressures:permeation behavior of fiber-based media used for natural gas cleaning[J].Chem.Eng.Sci.,2012,74:38-48.
[16]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.压缩空气过滤器实验方法:GBT 30475.1-2013[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2013:3-5.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.Filters for compressed air-test methods:GBT 34475.1-2013[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2013:3-5.
[17]The International Organization for Standardization.Filters for compressed air-test methods:BS ISO 12500.1-2009[S].Switzerland:The International Organization for Standardization,2009:3-6.
[18]American Society of Heating,Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers,Inc.Method of testing general ventilation air-cleaning devices for removal efficiency by particle size:ASHRAE 52.2:2007[S].Georgia:American Society of Heating,Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers,Inc.,2007:3-6.
[19]British Standards Institution.Particulate air filters for general ventilation-determination of the filtration performance:EN 779:2012[S].England:BSI Standards Publication,2012:16-19.
[20]邵春明.天然气压缩机干气密封滤芯性能测定与分析[J].石油机械,2017,45(4):102-106.Shao C M.Measurement and analysis on the performance of dry-gas-seal filter cartridge of natural gas compressor[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2017,45(4):102-106.