汤显祖和莎士比亚作品中女性观之比较——以《邯郸记》和《麦克白》为例
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摘要
汤显祖的《邯郸记》和莎士比亚的《麦克白》两部作品均从男性作家的视角塑造了超越时代的女性形象,彰显了崔氏和麦克白夫人两位女性的权欲与野心、胆识与谋略、能言善辩等"阳性气质",也比较了他们"阳性气质"的差异:崔氏独立坚毅、麦克白夫人残忍粗暴,同时又不忘展现其"阴柔气质",体现了两位剧作家的思想进步性。
Both Handanji by Tang Xianzu and Macbeth by Shakespeare show concerns for the fate of women. The two works demonstrate the living state of women along with their fate in the patriarchal society from the perspective of male writers,giving a shape of female images beyond the times. In common,two works both manifest women's " positive temperament" like lust and ambition,courage and counsel,glib and quick-tongued in argument; in contrast,Ms Cui is firm and persistent,while Mrs Macbeth is cruel and brutal. Meanwhile,the two works make efforts to display " femininity",which embodies the progressive ideas of two playwrights.
Both Handanji by Tang Xianzu and Macbeth by Shakespeare show concerns for the fate of women. The two works demonstrate the living state of women along with their fate in the patriarchal society from the perspective of male writers,giving a shape of female images beyond the times. In common,two works both manifest women's " positive temperament" like lust and ambition,courage and counsel,glib and quick-tongued in argument; in contrast,Ms Cui is firm and persistent,while Mrs Macbeth is cruel and brutal. Meanwhile,the two works make efforts to display " femininity",which embodies the progressive ideas of two playwrights.
引文
[1]徐朔方.汤显祖与莎士比亚[J].社会科学战线,1978(2):208.
[2]青木正儿.中国近世戏曲史[M].王古鲁,译.上海:中华书局,1954:93.
[3]颜之推,王利器.颜氏家训集解[M].台北:台北明文书局,1984:59.
[4]伍尔芙.伍尔芙随笔集[M].深圳:深圳海天出版社,1993:180.
[5]王力.中国古代文学十大主题[M].沈阳:辽宁教育出版社,1990:61.
[6]汤显祖.邯郸记[M].汪榕,培英,译.北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2003.
[7]海涅.莎士比亚的少女和妇人[M].绿原,译.上海:上海文艺出版社,2007.
[8]罗婷.女性主义文学与欧美文学研究[M].北京:东方出版社,2002:204.
[9]别林斯基语,歌德.莎剧解读[M].张可,元化,译.上海:上海教育出版社,2003:351.
[10]张宏生.明清文学与性别研究[M].南京:江苏古籍出版社,2002:252.
[11]朱光潜.悲剧心理学[M].合肥:安徽教育出版社,1996:379.
[12]JULIA K. Women’s Time[M]. New York:Columbia University Press,1986:188.
[13]西蒙娜·德·波伏娃.第二性[M].陶铁柱,译.北京:中国书籍出版社,1998:267.
(1)Anne Kemble,“Lady Macbeth”,in Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts. Ed.,Women reading Shakespeare. 1660-1900:An anthology of criticism, Manchester and New York:Manchester University Press,1997:119作者自译。原文:She has her end to gain by talking,and she talks till she does gain it。
(2)Joan Larsen Klein,“Lady Macbeth:Infirm of purpose”,in Carolyn Ruth Swift Lenz,ed.,The Woman’s Part——Feminist Criticism of Shakespeare,University of Illinois Press,1980:252.作者自译。原文:A passage where she alludes to‘plucking her nipple from the boneless gums of her infant’,though usually thought to prove a merciless and unwomanly nature,proves the direct opposite…show that she considered no tie so tender as that which connected her with her babe。
(3)Juliet Dusinberre,Shakespeare and the Nature of Women,New York:Palgrave Macmillan Press,2003:258.作者自译。原文:Lady Macbeth’s image of dashing the babe from her breast evokes her femininity even more potently for Shakespeare’s time。
[2]青木正儿.中国近世戏曲史[M].王古鲁,译.上海:中华书局,1954:93.
[3]颜之推,王利器.颜氏家训集解[M].台北:台北明文书局,1984:59.
[4]伍尔芙.伍尔芙随笔集[M].深圳:深圳海天出版社,1993:180.
[5]王力.中国古代文学十大主题[M].沈阳:辽宁教育出版社,1990:61.
[6]汤显祖.邯郸记[M].汪榕,培英,译.北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2003.
[7]海涅.莎士比亚的少女和妇人[M].绿原,译.上海:上海文艺出版社,2007.
[8]罗婷.女性主义文学与欧美文学研究[M].北京:东方出版社,2002:204.
[9]别林斯基语,歌德.莎剧解读[M].张可,元化,译.上海:上海教育出版社,2003:351.
[10]张宏生.明清文学与性别研究[M].南京:江苏古籍出版社,2002:252.
[11]朱光潜.悲剧心理学[M].合肥:安徽教育出版社,1996:379.
[12]JULIA K. Women’s Time[M]. New York:Columbia University Press,1986:188.
[13]西蒙娜·德·波伏娃.第二性[M].陶铁柱,译.北京:中国书籍出版社,1998:267.
(1)Anne Kemble,“Lady Macbeth”,in Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts. Ed.,Women reading Shakespeare. 1660-1900:An anthology of criticism, Manchester and New York:Manchester University Press,1997:119作者自译。原文:She has her end to gain by talking,and she talks till she does gain it。
(2)Joan Larsen Klein,“Lady Macbeth:Infirm of purpose”,in Carolyn Ruth Swift Lenz,ed.,The Woman’s Part——Feminist Criticism of Shakespeare,University of Illinois Press,1980:252.作者自译。原文:A passage where she alludes to‘plucking her nipple from the boneless gums of her infant’,though usually thought to prove a merciless and unwomanly nature,proves the direct opposite…show that she considered no tie so tender as that which connected her with her babe。
(3)Juliet Dusinberre,Shakespeare and the Nature of Women,New York:Palgrave Macmillan Press,2003:258.作者自译。原文:Lady Macbeth’s image of dashing the babe from her breast evokes her femininity even more potently for Shakespeare’s time。