阴离子交换膜改性及抗污染性能研究进展
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摘要
电渗析技术应用于工业废水脱盐时,废水中有机物及其它杂质组分等会造成膜污染,进而影响脱盐性能。电渗析膜污染防治对促进电渗析在工业废水处理中的应用有重要意义。相比于阳离子交换膜,阴离子交换膜更易形成有机污染,且更严重。阴离子交换膜污染主要由腐殖酸、牛血清蛋白、阴离子表面活性剂等有机物造成,污染过程主要受静电作用、亲和作用和几何因素的影响。膜改性提高阴离子交换膜的抗污染性能是电渗析膜污染防治的有效方法,目前已有许多有关膜改性提高阴离子交换膜抗污染性能的报道。膜改性方法主要有化学改性法、等离子体改性法、表面涂覆改性法、电沉积改性法、自聚合改性法及改进基膜结构法等。本工作对阴离子交换膜改性及抗污染性能的研究进展进行了综述,对不同改性方法的优缺点进行了分析和评价。这些改性方法能提高阴膜表面的负电荷密度和亲水性、降低膜表面粗糙度和基膜含水率等,因此可以改善阴离子交换膜的抗污染性能。然而,目前研究获得的改性阴离子交换膜仍存在修饰层不稳定、抗污染性能不理想和性能测试不系统等缺点,需进一步优化改性方法、改性工艺、组分修饰及性能测试等,以获得抗污染性能稳定且效果良好的改性阴离子交换膜。
When electrodialysis technology is used in desalination of industrial wastewater, its desalination performance degraded by membrane fouling caused by organic matter and other impurities in the wastewater. The prevention and control of electrodialysis membrane fouling play an important role in promoting the application of electrodialysis in industrial wastewater treatment. Compared to cation exchange membrane(CEM), anion exchange membrane(AEM) is more susceptible to fouling by organic matter. The organic fouling of AEM is mainly caused by organic substances such as humic acid, bovine serum albumin and anionic surfactant, which is mainly affected by electrostatic action, affinity interaction and geometrical factor. Improving the antifouling performance of AEM by membrane modification is an effective way to the prevention and control of electrodialysis membrane fouling. Many investigations related to the membrane modification to improve the antifouling performance of AEM have been reported up to now. Some methods such as chemical modification, plasma modification, surface coating modification, electrodeposition modification, self-polymerization modification and improved basement membrane structure, etc., are used for improving the antifouling performance of AEM. The research progress of anion exchange membrane modification and their antifouling performance were reviewed in this work. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods were analyzed and evaluated systematically. It was found that the physicochemical properties including the negative charge density, hydrophilicity, surface roughness and water uptake, etc. of AEM could be improved by the modification methods, which were beneficial to ameliorate the antifouling performance of membranes. However, the research of modified membranes still has some deficiencies such as the unstable modified layer, unsatisfactory antifouling performance and incompleted antifouling performance test. It is necessary to optimize further the modification method, technology process and modification components to obtain the modified AEM with good and stable antifouling performance in the future.
When electrodialysis technology is used in desalination of industrial wastewater, its desalination performance degraded by membrane fouling caused by organic matter and other impurities in the wastewater. The prevention and control of electrodialysis membrane fouling play an important role in promoting the application of electrodialysis in industrial wastewater treatment. Compared to cation exchange membrane(CEM), anion exchange membrane(AEM) is more susceptible to fouling by organic matter. The organic fouling of AEM is mainly caused by organic substances such as humic acid, bovine serum albumin and anionic surfactant, which is mainly affected by electrostatic action, affinity interaction and geometrical factor. Improving the antifouling performance of AEM by membrane modification is an effective way to the prevention and control of electrodialysis membrane fouling. Many investigations related to the membrane modification to improve the antifouling performance of AEM have been reported up to now. Some methods such as chemical modification, plasma modification, surface coating modification, electrodeposition modification, self-polymerization modification and improved basement membrane structure, etc., are used for improving the antifouling performance of AEM. The research progress of anion exchange membrane modification and their antifouling performance were reviewed in this work. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods were analyzed and evaluated systematically. It was found that the physicochemical properties including the negative charge density, hydrophilicity, surface roughness and water uptake, etc. of AEM could be improved by the modification methods, which were beneficial to ameliorate the antifouling performance of membranes. However, the research of modified membranes still has some deficiencies such as the unstable modified layer, unsatisfactory antifouling performance and incompleted antifouling performance test. It is necessary to optimize further the modification method, technology process and modification components to obtain the modified AEM with good and stable antifouling performance in the future.
引文
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[2]Khan M I,Zheng C L,Mondal A N,et al.Preparation of anion exchange membranes from BPPO and dimethylethanolamine for electrodialysis[J].Desalination,2017,402:10-18.
[3]张学敏,王三反,周键.改性离子交换膜抗污染性能研究进展[J].工业水处理,2016,36(8):16-19.Zhang X M,Wang S F,Zhou J.Research progress in the antipollution property of modified ion-exchange membranes[J].Industrial Water Treatment,2016,36(8):16-19.
[4]刘璐,赵志娟,李雅,等.工业废水电渗析过程中膜污染研究进展[J].过程工程学报,2015,15(5):881-891.Liu L,Zhao Z J,Li Y,et al.Research progress in fouling of ion exchange membrane for electrodialysis desalination of industrial wastewater[J].The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering,2015,15(5):881-891.
[5]Tanaka N,Nagase M,Higa M.Preparation of aliphatic-hydrocarbonbased anion-exchange membranes and their anti-organic-fouling properties[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2011,384(1/2):27-36.
[6]Xu T W.Ion exchange membranes:state of their development and perspective[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2005,263(1/2):1-29.
[7]潘杰峰,谭瑞卿,丁金成,等.电渗析用阴离子交换膜抗有机污染的调控[J].膜科学与技术,2017,37(6):114-120.Pan J F,Tan R Q,Ding J C,et al.Progress on design and preparation of anti-organic fouling anion exchange membranes for electrodialysis[J].Membrane Science and Technology,2017,37(6):114-120.
[8]Park J S,Choi J H,Yeon K H,et al.An approach to fouling characterization of an ion-exchange membrane using current-voltage relation and electrical impedance spectroscopy[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2006,294(1):129-138.
[9]Lee H J,Choi J H,Cho J,et al.Characterization of anion exchange membranes fouled with humate during electrodialysis[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2002,203(1/2):115-126.
[10]Park J S,Chilcott T C,Coster H G L,et al.Characterization of BSA-fouling of ion-exchange membrane systems using a subtraction technique for lumped data[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2005,246(2):137-144.
[11]Lee H J,Hong M K,Han S D.Fouling of an anion exchange membrane in the electrodialysis desalination process in the presence of organic foulants[J].Desalination,2009,238(1/3):60-69.
[12]Bukhovets A,Eliseeva T,Oren Y.Fouling of anion-exchange membranes in electrodialysis of aromatic amino acid solution[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2010,364(1/2):339-343.
[13]Lindstrand V,Sundstr?m G,J?nsson A S,et al.Fouling of electrodialysis membranes by organic substances[J].Desalination,2000,128(1):91-102.
[14]Zhao Z J,Shi S Y,Cao H B,et al.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and surface properties characterization of anion exchange membrane fouled by sodium dodecyl sulfate[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2017,530:220-231.
[15]Zhao Z J,Shi S Y,Cao H B,et al.Comparative studies on fouling of homogeneous anion exchange membranes by different structured organics in electrodialysis[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2019,77:218-228.
[16]Tanaka N,Nagase M,Higa M.Organic fouling behavior of commercially available hydrocarbon-based anion-exchange membranes by various organic-fouling substances[J].Desalination,2012,296:81-86.
[17]郭海成,于水利.电渗析中离子交换膜有机污染的研究进展[C]//2015年中国-欧盟膜技术研究与应用研讨会论文集.2015:296-300.
[18]徐铜文.膜化学与技术教程[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2003:255-256.
[19]杨皓程.基于聚多巴胺/聚乙烯亚胺共沉积技术的聚合物膜表界面工程[D].杭州:浙江大学,2017:7-8.Yang H C.Surface and interface engineering of poiymer membranes via polydopamine/polyethylene-imine co-deposition[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2017:7-8.
[20]周蓉.基于聚多巴胺沉积的聚丙烯微孔膜抗污染表面研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2014:8-9.Zhou R.Antifouling surfface for microporous polypropylene membrane based on polydomine deposition[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2014:8-9.
[21]Fernandez-Gonzalez C,Zhang B,Dominguez-Ramos A,et al.Enhancing fouling resistance of polyethylene anion exchange membranes using carbon nanotubes and iron oxide nanoparticles[J].Desalination,2017,411:19-27.
[22]Vaselbehagh M,Karkhanechi H,Mulyati S,et al.Improved antifouling of anion-exchange membrane by polydopamine coating in electrodialysis process[J].Desalination,2014,332(1):126-133.
[23]Mulyati S,Takagi R,Fujii A,et al.Improvement of the antifouling potential of an anion exchange membrane by surface modification with a polyelectrolyte for an electrodialysis process[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2012,417/418:137-143.
[24]葛道才.耐有机污染阴离子交换膜的制备方法[J].水处理技术,1978,(2):69-73.
[25]Wang M,Wang X L,Jia Y X,et al.An attempt for improving electrodialytic transport properties of a heterogeneous anion exchange membrane[J].Desalination,2014,351:163-170.
[26]赵化侨.等离子体化学与工艺[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1993:300-301.
[27]张松峰,吴力立.聚偏氟乙烯膜亲水改性研究进展[J].化工进展,2016,35(8):2480-2487.Zhang S F,Wu L L.Research progress of hydrophilic modification of polyvinylidene fluoride membranes[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2016,35(8):2480-2487.
[28]Zhao Z J,Shi S Y,Cao H B,et al.Effect of plasma treatment on the surface properties and antifouling performance of homogeneous anion exchange membrane[J].Desalination&Water Treatment,2017,89:77-86.
[29]刘小冲,易佳婷,王琛.Ar等离子体改性PTFE膜接枝丙烯酸研究[J].化工技术与开发,2006,(4):13-18.Liu X C,Yi J T,Wang C.Ar plasma-induced graft polymerization of acrylic acid onto PTFE films[J].Technology Development of Chemical Industry,2006,(4):13-18.
[30]Kim E S,Yu Q,Deng B.Plasma surface modification of nanofiltration(NF)thin-film composite(TFC)membranes to improve anti organic fouling[J].Applied Surface Science,2011,257(23):9863-9871.
[31]Kaur S,Ma Z,Gopal R,et al.Plasma-induced graft copolymerization of poly(methacrylic acid)on electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride)nanofiber membrane[J].Langmuir,2007,23(26):13085-13092.
[32]Güler E,van Baak W,Saakes M,et al.Monovalent-ion-selective membranes for reverse electrodialysis[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2014,455:254-270.
[33]Liu H M,Jiang Y L,Ding J C,et al.Surface layer modification of AEMs by infiltration and photo-cross-linking to induce monovalent selectivity[J].AICHE Journal,2018,64(3):993-1000.
[34]Wang T,Lu J R,Mao L L,et al.Electric field assisted layer-by-layer assembly of graphene oxide containing nanofiltration membrane[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2016,515:125-133.
[35]Zhao Z J,Cao H B,Shi S Y,et al.Characterization of anion exchange membrane modified by electrodeposition of polyelectrolyte containing different functional groups[J].Desalination,2016,386:58-66.
[36]Mulyati S,Takagi R,Fujii A,et al.Simultaneous improvement of the monovalent anion selectivity and antifouling properties of an anion exchange membrane in an electrodialysis process,using polyelectrolyte multilayer deposition[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2013,431:113-120.
[37]Zhao Z J,Shi S Y,Cao H B,et al.Layer-by-layer assembly of anion exchange membrane by electrodeposition of polyelectrolytes for improved antifouling performance[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2018,558:1-8.
[38]Zhao Y,Zhu J J,Ding J C,et al.Electric-pulse layer-by-layer assembled of anion exchange membrane with enhanced monovalent selectivity[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2018,548:81-90.
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