基于ISM的有限空间作业中毒事故风险分析
|
摘要
工贸行业有限空间作业中毒事故频发,造成了重大的人员伤亡和财产损失。分析导致有限空间作业中毒事故发生的风险因素,可实现有针对性的风险管控并能有效地降低事故的发生率。结合有限空间作业事故案例以及相关国家标准、文献,选取了30个影响有限空间作业中毒事故的风险因素,邀请专家通过德尔菲法最终确定了16个主要风险因素,并将其分为人员因素、管理因素、设备因素、有限空间自身因素4个层面;通过分析风险因素间的相互关系,建立邻接矩阵,并引入解释结构模型(ISM)理论计算生成可达矩阵,再通过集合运算对风险因素进行层次化分析,从而构建解释结构模型(ISM);根据ISM将风险因素划分为直接影响因素、间接影响因素和根本影响因素,并针对根本影响因素提出了具体的风险管控措施,用来降低事故的发生率,为企业进行有限空间作业风险管控提供依据。
In recent years,in the industrial and trade industry poisoning accidents in limited space operation occur frequently,resulting in severe casualties and property loss.This paper analyses the factors that lead to accidents in order to achieve targeted control and reduce the risk of accidents effectively.The paper selects 30 risk factors according to the limited space accident cases and relevant national standards and literature,and then experts are invited to identify 16 main factors through the Delphi method which are divided into four parts:personnel factor,management factor,equipment factor and limited space factor.By analyzing the relationship between factors,the paper establishes the adjacency matrix.At the same time,by introducing the theory of interpretive structural model,the paper calculates and generates the reachable matrix.Then,by analyzing the hierarchy of risk factors by set operation,the paper constructs the ISM.According to the model,the paper divides the risk factors into direct,indirect and fundamental factors.Finally,the paper puts forward specific risk control measures for the fundamental risk factors to reduce the occurence of accidents and provide basis for enterprises to carry out limited space risk control.
In recent years,in the industrial and trade industry poisoning accidents in limited space operation occur frequently,resulting in severe casualties and property loss.This paper analyses the factors that lead to accidents in order to achieve targeted control and reduce the risk of accidents effectively.The paper selects 30 risk factors according to the limited space accident cases and relevant national standards and literature,and then experts are invited to identify 16 main factors through the Delphi method which are divided into four parts:personnel factor,management factor,equipment factor and limited space factor.By analyzing the relationship between factors,the paper establishes the adjacency matrix.At the same time,by introducing the theory of interpretive structural model,the paper calculates and generates the reachable matrix.Then,by analyzing the hierarchy of risk factors by set operation,the paper constructs the ISM.According to the model,the paper divides the risk factors into direct,indirect and fundamental factors.Finally,the paper puts forward specific risk control measures for the fundamental risk factors to reduce the occurence of accidents and provide basis for enterprises to carry out limited space risk control.
引文
[1] 周兴藩,杨凤,郭玲,等.2014—2015年全国有限空间作业中毒与窒息事故分析及预防建议[J].环境与职业医学,2018,35(8):735-740.
[2] 黄郑华,李建华,边成.有限空间作业危险性分析评价研究[J].消防技术与产品信息,2010(12):51-55.
[3] 高建明,魏利军.有限空间的危害辨识与风险控制研究[J].工业安全与环保,2005,31(6):53-54.
[4] 刘艳,杨春丽,谭聪,等.市政供热管线有限空间作业主要危害因素分析及事故预防对策研究[J].工业安全与环保,2018,44(6):90-94.
[5] Damien B V,Yuvin C N,Ali B,et al.Design and application of a 5 step risk assessment tool for confined space entries[J].Safety Science,2015,80:144-155.
[6] 孟超,李晓萌,孙玉岭,等.基于ISM和信息熵的铁路隧道塌方风险分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2018,28(增刊1):64-70.
[7] 初旭新,宗刚,彭朝霞,等.基于ISM的道路交通安全影响因素研究[J].安全与环境学报,2017,17(5):1668-1672.
[8] 崔文罡,范厚明,杨宇,等.基于ISM的油港集疏运作业安全风险分析[J].安全与环境学报,2017,17(3):813-819.
[9] 范银华,王树坤,陈桂成,等.有限空间作业中毒窒息事故的预防[J].中国安全科学学报,2006,16(5):89-93,148.
[2] 黄郑华,李建华,边成.有限空间作业危险性分析评价研究[J].消防技术与产品信息,2010(12):51-55.
[3] 高建明,魏利军.有限空间的危害辨识与风险控制研究[J].工业安全与环保,2005,31(6):53-54.
[4] 刘艳,杨春丽,谭聪,等.市政供热管线有限空间作业主要危害因素分析及事故预防对策研究[J].工业安全与环保,2018,44(6):90-94.
[5] Damien B V,Yuvin C N,Ali B,et al.Design and application of a 5 step risk assessment tool for confined space entries[J].Safety Science,2015,80:144-155.
[6] 孟超,李晓萌,孙玉岭,等.基于ISM和信息熵的铁路隧道塌方风险分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2018,28(增刊1):64-70.
[7] 初旭新,宗刚,彭朝霞,等.基于ISM的道路交通安全影响因素研究[J].安全与环境学报,2017,17(5):1668-1672.
[8] 崔文罡,范厚明,杨宇,等.基于ISM的油港集疏运作业安全风险分析[J].安全与环境学报,2017,17(3):813-819.
[9] 范银华,王树坤,陈桂成,等.有限空间作业中毒窒息事故的预防[J].中国安全科学学报,2006,16(5):89-93,148.