基于ESIA法的科技计划项目管理流程优化研究
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摘要
针对陕西省现行科技计划项目管理中存在的管理阶段缺失、管理定位失误、管理效率低、电子政务建设滞后等一系列问题,以革新传统的管理机制和管理方式为目标,以陕西省科技业务综合管理系统建设为背景,提出一种基于ESIA法的科技计划项目管理流程优化方案。在管理主体职责重新划分、管理阶段重新定义和大数据建设三大变革下,通过取消、简化、整合和自动化等手段,对流程角色、环节和内容等进行全面优化,使管理更加科学和规范化,管理主体职责更加明确,业务流程更加顺畅,流程自动化程度产生质的飞跃,协同能力和工作效率得到提升。
Science and technology planning projects are the basic form of scientific research and technology development activities organized by the government. It is an effective means to make up for the lack of market for scientific research,rationally allocate scientific and technological resources,and promote scientific and technological progress,economic and social development. The core task of science and technology planning projects management is to ensure the smooth implementation of the projects,achieve the goals and tasks,and finally achieve the goals of the science and technology development plan. With the development of society and science and technology progress,the current management mode of science and technology planning project has shown many inadaptability to the new situation and new requirements,problems such as low management efficiency and frequent management loopholes are constantly exposed,profoundly affecting national and regional scientific and technological development,it is urgent to reform the current management mode and method of science and technology planning projects.Aiming at series problems existing in the management of Shaanxi science and technology planning projects,such as management phase deficiency of the top-level design and the achievement transformation and promotion; management department positioning error,inadequate macro management,too much attention to micro management; low management efficiency and repetitive,non-standard management phenomenon; lag of e-government,the one-stop service model has not been implemented;etc. in order to reform traditional management mechanisms and management methods,under the background of Shaanxi province science and technology business integrated management system construction.A solution is proposed,which is to optimize the management process of science and technology planning project based on ESIA method,the goal is to achieve scientific management and the best management efficiency. In this study,under the three major changes,namely,the redivision of responsibilities of management subjects,the redefinition of management phase and the construction of big data,the roles,links and contents of existing processes are comprehensively optimized by means of cancellation,simplification,integration and automation. Cancellation means to reduce or cancel direct micro-management of science and technology departments and concentrate on strengthening macro-management,give full play to the role of experts and professional organizations in the projects management,introduce third-party professional organizations into the management,and the micro-level management will be changed from direct management of science and technology departments to management of third-party professional organizations. Simplification means to adopt parallel process and other means,for example,to issue solicitation and project approval notices through the Internet,managers at all levels with authority and project applicants can receive information synchronously,instead of being conveyed layer by layer. At the same time,the joint work mode is adopted to eliminate repeated inspections,reduce management costs,and reduce unnecessary interference to the project side. Integration means to integrate top-level design and achievement transformation and promotion into the management process,in other words,the whole process of science and technology planning project management should include four stages: top-level design,project collection,project implementation and achievement transformation,and each stage is composed of a number of links. Automation means to introduce the form of " Internet + e-government",comprehensively promote the construction of big data to ensure that the management system can give full play to its role by building large databases of projects,achievements,assets,funds,technology transactions,policies,administrative management,etc,process-based project management is truly realized.In this paper,ESIA method was used for process optimization. this method is determined to be adopted according to the actual demand of the system construction after comparing various process optimization methods,include benchmarking method,DMAIC model,ESIA method,ECRS method,SDCA cycle,PDCA cycle and so on. ESIA is a process optimization method based on improved content,it improves the existing process by cancelling,simplifying,integrating and automating four steps,reducing non-value-added or invalid activities in the process,adjusting core value-added activities,and realizing process automation,comparing and demonstrating the original process and the optimized process through the form of the swim-lane diagram. Swim-lane diagram is to organize the activities in the process according to the responsibilities,and in the diagram the vertical axis is department function while the horizontal axis is post link so that this gives a clear indication which department is conducting which actions,and give a convenient description of various business processes,and describe vertically the logical relationships between the activities of the system,and understand the business logic.Science and technology planning project management process optimization is the management department of Shaanxi province to respond to the new era of science and technology management reform requirements,and it is a concrete project to reform the traditional management mechanism and mode. This renovation,by introducing management stages and links such as top-level design and achievement transformation and promotion,realizes the whole process hierarchical management of science and technology planning project from macro level to micro level,which belongs to different management subjects; through the construction of big data,replacing manual work with informatization,the scale of organization has been greatly reduced,the degree of workflow automation has made a qualitative leap; through the change of management concept,part of the business process is changed from series to parallel,so that the collaboration ability is improved and the process processing speed is greatly accelerated; through the adjustment of the responsibility and division of labor of the responsible subject,the responsibilities of the management subject are more clear,and the repetitive and inefficient work content is greatly reduced. As a result,the management is more scientific and standardized.Process optimization is an operational mode to improve the efficiency of public management. Process optimization is to reshape the management process through process orientation which is not equivalent to a simple business integration,but a cycle of reflection,change and re-reflection,re-change of management subject,management function,management mode and management process based on the process. In the process optimization design,the management responsibility subject and its responsibility division should be clearly defined,and the macro and micro management should be separated. At the same time,integrity should be fully considered,not only to determine the starting point and end point,but also to grasp the middle node.
Science and technology planning projects are the basic form of scientific research and technology development activities organized by the government. It is an effective means to make up for the lack of market for scientific research,rationally allocate scientific and technological resources,and promote scientific and technological progress,economic and social development. The core task of science and technology planning projects management is to ensure the smooth implementation of the projects,achieve the goals and tasks,and finally achieve the goals of the science and technology development plan. With the development of society and science and technology progress,the current management mode of science and technology planning project has shown many inadaptability to the new situation and new requirements,problems such as low management efficiency and frequent management loopholes are constantly exposed,profoundly affecting national and regional scientific and technological development,it is urgent to reform the current management mode and method of science and technology planning projects.Aiming at series problems existing in the management of Shaanxi science and technology planning projects,such as management phase deficiency of the top-level design and the achievement transformation and promotion; management department positioning error,inadequate macro management,too much attention to micro management; low management efficiency and repetitive,non-standard management phenomenon; lag of e-government,the one-stop service model has not been implemented;etc. in order to reform traditional management mechanisms and management methods,under the background of Shaanxi province science and technology business integrated management system construction.A solution is proposed,which is to optimize the management process of science and technology planning project based on ESIA method,the goal is to achieve scientific management and the best management efficiency. In this study,under the three major changes,namely,the redivision of responsibilities of management subjects,the redefinition of management phase and the construction of big data,the roles,links and contents of existing processes are comprehensively optimized by means of cancellation,simplification,integration and automation. Cancellation means to reduce or cancel direct micro-management of science and technology departments and concentrate on strengthening macro-management,give full play to the role of experts and professional organizations in the projects management,introduce third-party professional organizations into the management,and the micro-level management will be changed from direct management of science and technology departments to management of third-party professional organizations. Simplification means to adopt parallel process and other means,for example,to issue solicitation and project approval notices through the Internet,managers at all levels with authority and project applicants can receive information synchronously,instead of being conveyed layer by layer. At the same time,the joint work mode is adopted to eliminate repeated inspections,reduce management costs,and reduce unnecessary interference to the project side. Integration means to integrate top-level design and achievement transformation and promotion into the management process,in other words,the whole process of science and technology planning project management should include four stages: top-level design,project collection,project implementation and achievement transformation,and each stage is composed of a number of links. Automation means to introduce the form of " Internet + e-government",comprehensively promote the construction of big data to ensure that the management system can give full play to its role by building large databases of projects,achievements,assets,funds,technology transactions,policies,administrative management,etc,process-based project management is truly realized.In this paper,ESIA method was used for process optimization. this method is determined to be adopted according to the actual demand of the system construction after comparing various process optimization methods,include benchmarking method,DMAIC model,ESIA method,ECRS method,SDCA cycle,PDCA cycle and so on. ESIA is a process optimization method based on improved content,it improves the existing process by cancelling,simplifying,integrating and automating four steps,reducing non-value-added or invalid activities in the process,adjusting core value-added activities,and realizing process automation,comparing and demonstrating the original process and the optimized process through the form of the swim-lane diagram. Swim-lane diagram is to organize the activities in the process according to the responsibilities,and in the diagram the vertical axis is department function while the horizontal axis is post link so that this gives a clear indication which department is conducting which actions,and give a convenient description of various business processes,and describe vertically the logical relationships between the activities of the system,and understand the business logic.Science and technology planning project management process optimization is the management department of Shaanxi province to respond to the new era of science and technology management reform requirements,and it is a concrete project to reform the traditional management mechanism and mode. This renovation,by introducing management stages and links such as top-level design and achievement transformation and promotion,realizes the whole process hierarchical management of science and technology planning project from macro level to micro level,which belongs to different management subjects; through the construction of big data,replacing manual work with informatization,the scale of organization has been greatly reduced,the degree of workflow automation has made a qualitative leap; through the change of management concept,part of the business process is changed from series to parallel,so that the collaboration ability is improved and the process processing speed is greatly accelerated; through the adjustment of the responsibility and division of labor of the responsible subject,the responsibilities of the management subject are more clear,and the repetitive and inefficient work content is greatly reduced. As a result,the management is more scientific and standardized.Process optimization is an operational mode to improve the efficiency of public management. Process optimization is to reshape the management process through process orientation which is not equivalent to a simple business integration,but a cycle of reflection,change and re-reflection,re-change of management subject,management function,management mode and management process based on the process. In the process optimization design,the management responsibility subject and its responsibility division should be clearly defined,and the macro and micro management should be separated. At the same time,integrity should be fully considered,not only to determine the starting point and end point,but also to grasp the middle node.
引文
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[8]赵俊,罗璟,杨光.基于ESIA方法的X高校科研管理流程优化研究[J].价值工程,2015(14):223-226.Zhao Jun,Luo Jing,Yang Guang.Optimization of the higher institutes’scientific research management processes based on ESIAmethod[J].Value Engineering,2015(14):223-226.
[9]柴琼.G公司科研项目管理流程优化研究[D].四川:电子科技大学,2015.Chai Qiong.Study on process optimization of project management of G company[D].Sichuan:University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2015.
[10]赵秀芬,曹敏.装备预研项目全过程管理流程改进研究[J].管理观察,2017(7):26-29.Zhao Xiufen,Cao Min.Study on the process improvement of the whole process of equipment preresearch project[J].Management Observer,2017(7):26-29.
[11]贺赛龙,郭维森,王其冬.浅析国家自然科学基金项目管理流程再造[J].中国科学基金,2016(2):105-109.He Sailong,Guo Weisen,Wang Qidong.Preliminary analysis about the projects management process reengineering of national natural science foundation of china[J].Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China,2016(2):105-109.
[12]李雪.论科技计划项目经费预算管理流程再造[J].现代商贸工业,2012(20):24-25.Li Xue.On the reengineering of the budget management process of the science and technology project[J].Modern Business Trade Industry,2012(20):24-25.
[13]徐红爽.我国国家科技计划项目过程管理研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2012.Xu Hongshuang.The research on the project process management of China national science and technology programs[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2012.
[14]Hari Lal Bhaskar.A critical analysis of information technology and business process reengineering[J].International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management,2016,(1):98-115.
[2]蔡鑫.基于价值工程的业务流程优化研究[D].山东:山东大学,2011.Cai Xin.Research on business process optimization based on value engineering[D].Shandong:Shandong University,2011.
[3]吴坤.标杆瞄准理论述评[J].科技情报开发与经济,2006,16(12):189-191.Wu Kun.The theory of benchmarking[J].Sci-Tech Information Development&Economy,2006,16(12):189-191.
[4]杨力.6σ管理DMAIC流程改进与设计研究[J].技术经济,2002(4):63-65.Yang Li.DMAIC process improvement and design based on6σmanagemen[J].Technology Economics,2002(4):63-65.
[5]曾德宏.EP研究院IT运维管理流程优化[D].四川:电子科技大学,2017.Zeng Dehong.IT operation management process optimization of EP academy[D].Sichuan:University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2017.
[6]王俊巧,叶勇.基于PCDA和SDCA循环理论的政府应急管理流程优化分析[J].行政与法,2017(1):08-14.Wang Junqiao,Ye Yong.Government emergency management process analysis based on PDCA and SDCA cycle theory[J].Public Administration&Law,2017(1):08-14.
[7]郑爱平,张栋梁.基于流程再造的高校科研管理协同机制研究[J].科研管理,2016,37(8):140-145.Zheng Aiping,Zhang Dongliang.The synergy mechanism in university research administration based on business process reengineering[J].Science Research Management,2016,37(8):140-145.
[8]赵俊,罗璟,杨光.基于ESIA方法的X高校科研管理流程优化研究[J].价值工程,2015(14):223-226.Zhao Jun,Luo Jing,Yang Guang.Optimization of the higher institutes’scientific research management processes based on ESIAmethod[J].Value Engineering,2015(14):223-226.
[9]柴琼.G公司科研项目管理流程优化研究[D].四川:电子科技大学,2015.Chai Qiong.Study on process optimization of project management of G company[D].Sichuan:University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2015.
[10]赵秀芬,曹敏.装备预研项目全过程管理流程改进研究[J].管理观察,2017(7):26-29.Zhao Xiufen,Cao Min.Study on the process improvement of the whole process of equipment preresearch project[J].Management Observer,2017(7):26-29.
[11]贺赛龙,郭维森,王其冬.浅析国家自然科学基金项目管理流程再造[J].中国科学基金,2016(2):105-109.He Sailong,Guo Weisen,Wang Qidong.Preliminary analysis about the projects management process reengineering of national natural science foundation of china[J].Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China,2016(2):105-109.
[12]李雪.论科技计划项目经费预算管理流程再造[J].现代商贸工业,2012(20):24-25.Li Xue.On the reengineering of the budget management process of the science and technology project[J].Modern Business Trade Industry,2012(20):24-25.
[13]徐红爽.我国国家科技计划项目过程管理研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2012.Xu Hongshuang.The research on the project process management of China national science and technology programs[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2012.
[14]Hari Lal Bhaskar.A critical analysis of information technology and business process reengineering[J].International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management,2016,(1):98-115.