科研类众包网站“InnoCentive”协同激励机制单案例研究
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摘要
众包模式成功的关键在于构建发包方和接包方的激励机制。以科研众包企业"InnoCentive"为例,基于众包中介机构的视角,探讨其对发包方和接包方的协同激励机制,并构建了三层次协同激励机制模型。第一层次协同源于发包方与接包方内部显性激励和隐性激励的互补效应;第二层次协同源于发包方和接包方通过深度合作和有效联动达到的活化激励;第三层次激励源于中介机构协调作用下实现的涌现激励。三层次协同激励机制囊括了众包三方主体,涵盖了众包整体过程,有利于提高众包整体效率。
The key to the success of the crowdsourcing is to build the incentive mechanism for the seeker and the solver. Taking the"Inno Centive"as the case,this paper aims to explore the synergistic incentive mechanism of the contractor and the contractor from the perspective of the intermediary,and construct a three-level synergistic incentive mechanism model. The first-level synergy originates from the complementary effect of the explicit and implicit incentives within the seeker or solver. And the second-level synergy originates from the activation incentives achieved through the deep cooperation and effective linkage between the seeker and solver. The third-level synergy originates from the emerging incentive achieved through the regulatory effect of the intermediary. Three-level's synergistic incentive mechanism covers the three parties and overall process of crowdsourcing,which is conducive to improve the overall efficiency of crowdsourcing.
The key to the success of the crowdsourcing is to build the incentive mechanism for the seeker and the solver. Taking the"Inno Centive"as the case,this paper aims to explore the synergistic incentive mechanism of the contractor and the contractor from the perspective of the intermediary,and construct a three-level synergistic incentive mechanism model. The first-level synergy originates from the complementary effect of the explicit and implicit incentives within the seeker or solver. And the second-level synergy originates from the activation incentives achieved through the deep cooperation and effective linkage between the seeker and solver. The third-level synergy originates from the emerging incentive achieved through the regulatory effect of the intermediary. Three-level's synergistic incentive mechanism covers the three parties and overall process of crowdsourcing,which is conducive to improve the overall efficiency of crowdsourcing.
引文
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[22]张省.基于序参量的知识链知识协同机制研究[J].情报理论与实践,2014,37(3):21-24
[23] Amabile T. M. Motivational Synergy:Toward New Conceptualizations of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation in the Workplace[J].Human Resource Management Review,1993,3(3):185-201
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[25] Ireland R. D.,Hitt M. A.,Vaidyanath D. Alliance Management as a Source of Competitive Advantage[J]. Journal of Management:Official Journal of the Southern Management Association,2002,28(3):413-446
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[28] Green E. P. Payment Systems in the Healthcare Industry:An Experimental Study of Physician Incentives[J]. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization,2014,106(10):367-378
[29] Lafuente C. B.,Seigneur J. M. Extending Trust Management With Cooperation Incentives:A Fully Decentralized Framework for User-Centric Network Environments[J]. Journal of Trust Management,2015,2(1):1-22
[30]孙新波,齐会杰.基于扎根理论的知识联盟激励协同理论框架研究[J].研究与发展管理,2012,24(2):10-18
[31]孙新波,李佳磊,刘博.知识联盟激励协同与联盟绩效关系研究[J].管理评论,2014,26(11):182-189
[32]孙新波,刘博,罗能.基于生命周期的知识联盟激励协同运作机理[J].管理学报,2013,10(5):754-760
[33] Leibenstein H. Entrepreneurship,Entrepreneurial Training and X-efficiency Theory[J]. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization,1987,8(2):191-205
[34] Falk A.,Fehr E. Psychological Foundations of Incentives[C]. Institute for the Study of Labor,2002
[35] Holland J. H. Emergence:From Chaos to Order[M]. New York:Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co. Inc.,1998
[36]秦芬,李扬.用户生成内容激励机制研究综述及展望[J].外国经济与管理,2018,40(8):141-152
[37]梁晓蓓,黄立霞,江江.众包物流接包方持续参与意愿影响因素研究[J].商业经济与管理,2017,37(7):5-15
[38]宗利永,李元旭.基于扎根理论的文化创意类众包社区发包方参与动机研究[J].科技进步与对策,2015,32(14):1-5
[2]卢新元,王康泰,胡静思,等.基于Fuzzy-DEMATEL法的众包模式下用户参与行为影响因素分析[J].管理评论,2017,29(8):101-109
[3] Scekic O.,Truong H. L.,Dustdar S. PRINGL-A Domain-Specific Language for Incentive Management in Crowdsourcing[J].Computer Networks,2015,90(C):14-33
[4] Boons M.,Stam D.,Barkema H. G. Feelings of Pride and Respect as Drivers of Ongoing Member Activity on Crowdsourcing Platforms[J]. Journal of Management Studies,2015,52(6):717-741
[5]张安淇,宗利永.大数据背景下企业竞争情报工作众包模式研究[J].情报理论与实践,2017,40(1):12-17
[6]杨东,李垣.外包联盟中核心技术投入的激励机制研究[J].管理工程学报,2010,24(1):1-4
[7]卫垌圻,姜涛,陶斯宇,等.科研众包——科研合作的新模式[J].科学管理研究,2015,33(2):16-19
[8] Silberzahn R.,Uhlmann E. L. Crowdsourced Research:Many Hands Make Tight Work[J]. Nature,2015,526(7572):89-91
[9]庞建刚,刘志迎.科研众包式科技创新研究——基于网络大众科技创新投入的视角[J].中国软科学,2016,(5):184-192
[10] Agafonovas A.,Alonderiene R. Value Creation in Innovations Crowdsourcing. Example of Creative Agencies[J]. Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies,2013,4(1):72-103
[11] Zhao D.,Li X.Y.,Ma H. Budget-Feasible Online Incentive Mechanisms for Crowdsourcing Tasks Truthfully[J]. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking,2016,24(2):647-661
[12] Zhang X.,Yang Z.,Zhou Z.,et al. Free Market of Crowdsourcing:Incentive Mechanism Design for Mobile Sensing[J]. IEEE Transactions on Parallel&Distributed Systems,2014,25(12):3190-3200
[13] Wang Y.,Jia X.,Jin Q.,et al. Mobile Crowdsourcing:Framework,Challenges,and Solutions[J]. Concurrency&Computation Practice&Experience,2017,29(3):1-17
[14] Gao Y.,Chen Y.,Liu K. J. R. On Cost-Effective Incentive Mechanisms in Microtask Crowdsourcing[J]. IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence&Ai in Games,2015,7(1):3-15
[15] Mason W.,Watts D. J. Financial Incentives and the Performance of Crowds[J]. SIGKDD Explorations,2010,11(2):100-108
[16]涂艳,孙宝文,张莹.基于社会媒体的企业众包创新接包主体行为研究——基于众包网站调查的实证分析[J].经济管理,2015,(7):138-149
[17]夏恩君,王文涛.企业开放式创新众包模式下的社会大众参与动机[J].技术经济,2016,35(1):22-29
[18] Brabham D. C. Moving the Crowd at Threadless:Motivations for Participation in a Crowd Sourcing Application[J]. Information Communication&Society,2010,13(8):1122-1145
[19] Lakhani K. R.,Panetta J. A. The Principles of Distributed Innovation[J]. Innovations Technology Governance Globalization,2007,2(2):97-112
[20] Porter M. E. Competitive Strategy[M]. New York:The Free Press,1980
[21] Hao S.,Song M. Technology-Driven Strategy and Firm Performance:Are Strategic Capabilities Missing Links?[J]. Journal of Business Research,2016,69(2):751-759
[22]张省.基于序参量的知识链知识协同机制研究[J].情报理论与实践,2014,37(3):21-24
[23] Amabile T. M. Motivational Synergy:Toward New Conceptualizations of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation in the Workplace[J].Human Resource Management Review,1993,3(3):185-201
[24]孙新波.知识联盟激励协同机理及实证研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2013
[25] Ireland R. D.,Hitt M. A.,Vaidyanath D. Alliance Management as a Source of Competitive Advantage[J]. Journal of Management:Official Journal of the Southern Management Association,2002,28(3):413-446
[26]孙新波,刘博.基于结构方程模型的知识联盟激励协同序参量关系研究[J].管理学报,2012,9(12):1826-1831
[27] Masella P.,Meier S.,Zahn P. Incentives and Group Identity[J]. Games&Economic Behavior,2014,86(7):12-25
[28] Green E. P. Payment Systems in the Healthcare Industry:An Experimental Study of Physician Incentives[J]. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization,2014,106(10):367-378
[29] Lafuente C. B.,Seigneur J. M. Extending Trust Management With Cooperation Incentives:A Fully Decentralized Framework for User-Centric Network Environments[J]. Journal of Trust Management,2015,2(1):1-22
[30]孙新波,齐会杰.基于扎根理论的知识联盟激励协同理论框架研究[J].研究与发展管理,2012,24(2):10-18
[31]孙新波,李佳磊,刘博.知识联盟激励协同与联盟绩效关系研究[J].管理评论,2014,26(11):182-189
[32]孙新波,刘博,罗能.基于生命周期的知识联盟激励协同运作机理[J].管理学报,2013,10(5):754-760
[33] Leibenstein H. Entrepreneurship,Entrepreneurial Training and X-efficiency Theory[J]. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization,1987,8(2):191-205
[34] Falk A.,Fehr E. Psychological Foundations of Incentives[C]. Institute for the Study of Labor,2002
[35] Holland J. H. Emergence:From Chaos to Order[M]. New York:Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co. Inc.,1998
[36]秦芬,李扬.用户生成内容激励机制研究综述及展望[J].外国经济与管理,2018,40(8):141-152
[37]梁晓蓓,黄立霞,江江.众包物流接包方持续参与意愿影响因素研究[J].商业经济与管理,2017,37(7):5-15
[38]宗利永,李元旭.基于扎根理论的文化创意类众包社区发包方参与动机研究[J].科技进步与对策,2015,32(14):1-5