基于时序Sentinel-1数据的锦屏水电站左岸边坡形变探测与特征分析
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摘要
水电站库岸边坡的稳定性监测是保障大坝安全运行的重要基础性工作,而形变探测是实现边坡稳定性监测的主要途径。星载合成孔径雷达干涉测量(interferometric synthetic aperture Radar,In SAR)技术因其具有观测精度高,可全天候全天时工作的特点,已成为一种重要的形变监测手段。本文采用小基线集时序In SAR技术处理了56景C波段Sentinel-1影像,提取了雅砻江流域锦屏一级水电站库区左岸边坡的形变特征信息。结果表明,锦屏一级水电站上游距离大坝约1. 5 km处左岸边坡上存在一处表面积超过75万m2的大型滑坡体,2015—2018年间最大视线向形变速率超过200 mm/a。形变区主要集中在该岸坡中上部,观测时间段内视线向最大累积形变量超过500 mm,其形变时间序列无明显周期性,基本呈线性滑动趋势。采用同样的方法,对2006—2011年间获取的22景L波段ALOS-PALSAR存档数据进行处理,结果显示在大坝蓄水前,该坡体基本保持稳定。由此推断,库区蓄水造成的大幅水位上升很可能是诱发该滑坡复活的主要因素。
tability monitoring of bank slopes along the reservoirs of hydropower projects is a fundamental task for the safety of dam operation. And deformation detection is a major approach for stability monitoring. Spaceborne In SAR technique has been recognized as an effective tool for deformation detection with its high observation accuracy and capability to work independent of weather and solar illumination. The deformation information of left bank slope of Jinping hydropower station in the Yalong River Basin was obtained by processing 56 images of C-band Sentinel-1 data with small baselines time series InSAR technique. The result indicated that there was a large landslide on the left bank slope about 1. 5 km away from the dam upstream of the Jinping I hydropower station,with a surface area of more than 750,000 square meters. The maximum deformation rate in the line of sight exceeded 200 mm/a from2015 to 2018. The deformation area was mainly concentrated in the middle and upper part of the bank slope. And the maximum cumulative deformation of the line of sight in the observation period was more than 500 mm. The time series of deformation was basically a linear sliding trend without obvious periodicity. The same method was used to process 22 archived images of L-band ALOS-PALSAR data from 2006 to 2011. The results show that the left bank slope was stable before the reservoir impoundment. It is therefore inferred that the sharp rise of water level of the reservoir might be a main trigger factor for this landslide activation.
tability monitoring of bank slopes along the reservoirs of hydropower projects is a fundamental task for the safety of dam operation. And deformation detection is a major approach for stability monitoring. Spaceborne In SAR technique has been recognized as an effective tool for deformation detection with its high observation accuracy and capability to work independent of weather and solar illumination. The deformation information of left bank slope of Jinping hydropower station in the Yalong River Basin was obtained by processing 56 images of C-band Sentinel-1 data with small baselines time series InSAR technique. The result indicated that there was a large landslide on the left bank slope about 1. 5 km away from the dam upstream of the Jinping I hydropower station,with a surface area of more than 750,000 square meters. The maximum deformation rate in the line of sight exceeded 200 mm/a from2015 to 2018. The deformation area was mainly concentrated in the middle and upper part of the bank slope. And the maximum cumulative deformation of the line of sight in the observation period was more than 500 mm. The time series of deformation was basically a linear sliding trend without obvious periodicity. The same method was used to process 22 archived images of L-band ALOS-PALSAR data from 2006 to 2011. The results show that the left bank slope was stable before the reservoir impoundment. It is therefore inferred that the sharp rise of water level of the reservoir might be a main trigger factor for this landslide activation.
引文
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[2]廖明生,张路,史绪国,等.滑坡变形雷达遥感监测方法与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2017:2-4.Liao M S,Zhang L,Shi X G,et al. Methods and Practice of Radar Remote Sensing Monitoring of Landslide Deformation[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2017:2-4.
[3]李自立.滑坡变形监测反演参数及稳定性研究[D].西安:长安大学,2005.Li Z L. Study on Parameters Inversion and Stability of Landslide Deformation Monitoring[D]. Xi’an:Chang’an University,2015.
[4]廖明生,林晖.雷达干涉测量:原理与信号处理基础[M].北京:测绘出版社,2003:1-4.Liao M S,Lin H. Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry:Principle and Signal Processing[M]. Beijing:Surveying and Mapping Press,2003:1-4.
[5]廖明生,唐婧,王腾,等.高分辨率SAR数据在三峡库区滑坡监测中的应用[J].中国科学:地球科学,2012,42(2):217-229.Liao M S,Tang J,Wang T,et al. Landslide monitoring with highresolution SAR data in the Three Gorges Region[J]. Science China Earth Science,2012,42(2):217-229.
[6] Xia Y,Kaufmann H,Guo X F. Landslide monitoring in the Three Gorges Area using D-InSAR and corner reflectors[J]. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,2004,70(10):1167-1172.
[7] Ferretti A,Prati C,Rocca F. Permanent scatterers in SAR interferometry[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2001,39(1):8-20.
[8] Berardino P,Fornaro G,Lanarir R,et al. A new algorithm for surface deformation monitoring based on small baseline differential SAR interferograms[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2002,40(11):2375-2383.
[9]秦晓琼,廖明生,杨梦诗,等.应用高分辨率PS-InSAR技术监测上海动迁房歪斜形变[J].测绘通报,2016(6):18-21.Qin X Q,Liao M S,Yang M S,et al. Monitoring Shanghai relocation housing skew deformation using high resolution PS-InSAR technology[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2016(6):18-21.
[10]周洪月,汪云甲,闫世勇,等.沧州地区地面沉降现状Sentinel-1A/B时序InSAR监测与分析[J].测绘通报,2017(7):89-93.Zhou H Y,Wang Y J,Yan S Y,et al. Land subsidence monitoring and analyzing of Cangzhou Area Sentinel-1A/B based time series InSAR[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2017(7):89-93.
[11]刘广全.基于SBAS-InSAR的丹巴县滑坡探测与监测[D].西安:长安大学,2015.Liu G Q. Landslide Detection and Monitoring of Danba County Based on SBAS-InSAR[D]. Xi’an:Chang’an University,2015.
[12] Hooper A,Zebker H,Segall P,et al. A new method for measuring deformation on volcanoes and other natural terrains using InSAR persistent scatterers[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2004,31(23):1-5.
[13]赵敏,龙锋,宫悦.锦屏一级水电站库区蓄水前后波速比变化研究[J].四川地震,2016(2):22-26.Zhao M,Long F,Gong Y. The seismic velocity ratio changes before and after the reservoir filling of Jinping hydropower station[J].Earthquake Research in Sichuan,2016(2):22-26.
[14]张登项.锦屏一级水电站坝址区左岸高边坡稳定性分析及失稳破坏预警研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2008.Zhang D X. The Stability Analysis and Destruction of Forecasting Study on Left High Slope of Jinping Hydropower Station Dam[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2008.
[15] Rodriguez E,Morris C S,Belz J E. A global assessment of the SRTM performance[J]. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,2006,72(3):249-260.
[16]高连通,易夏玮,李喜,等.三峡库区典型滑坡变形与高水位涨落关系研究[J].地质科技情报,2011,30(4):132-136.Gao L T,Yi X W,Li X,et al. Case study of relationship between typical landslide distortion and water changes in Three Gorges Area[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information,2011,30(4):132-136.
[17] Yu C,Li Z,Penna N T. Interferometric synthetic aperture Radar atmospheric correction using a GPS-based iterative tropospheric decomposition model[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment,2018,204:109-121.
[18]杨强,潘元炜,程立,等.高拱坝谷幅变形机制及非饱和裂隙岩体有效应力原理研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(11):2258-2269.Yang Q,Pan Y W,Cheng L,et al. Mechanism of valley deformation of high arch dam and effective stress principle for unsaturated fractured rock mass[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(11):2258-2269.