早期美中贸易对美国的影响
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摘要
独立不久的美国面临着世界强国的经济封锁。为了打开一条生路,这个年轻的国家主动将目光投向了中国。1784年,美国商船"中国皇后"号来华打开了美中交往的大门,暴利而归引发了美国对华贸易的热潮。从1784年"中国皇后"号来华至1844年中美签订《望厦条约》的60年间,是两国交往的早期阶段。此间,积极主动的美国和消极被动的中国之间的贸易往来对美国产生了重大影响,既加深了美国对中国的了解,促进了美国的发展,也引发了一系列的矛盾冲突和社会问题,并对自然环境造成了很大破坏。
The United States was facing an economic blockade of world power.In order to open a way out,the renascent country paid more attention to China actively.In 1784,American merchant ship "Empress of China" came to China,opened the gate to the exchange of United States and China.Huge profits led to an upsurge of trade with China.From 1784 to 1844,the United States signed the "Treaty of Wangxia",which is the early stage of communication between the two countries.During this period,bilateral trade between the active US and the passive China has had a significant impact on the United States.It not only deepened the understanding of China from America and promoted the development of the United States,but also caused multiple conflicts and a series of social problems,resulted in great damage for natural environment.
The United States was facing an economic blockade of world power.In order to open a way out,the renascent country paid more attention to China actively.In 1784,American merchant ship "Empress of China" came to China,opened the gate to the exchange of United States and China.Huge profits led to an upsurge of trade with China.From 1784 to 1844,the United States signed the "Treaty of Wangxia",which is the early stage of communication between the two countries.During this period,bilateral trade between the active US and the passive China has had a significant impact on the United States.It not only deepened the understanding of China from America and promoted the development of the United States,but also caused multiple conflicts and a series of social problems,resulted in great damage for natural environment.
引文
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[2]Agnes.D.Hewes.Two Oceans to Canton:The Story of the Old China Trade.New York,1944:10-11.
[3][美]埃里克·杰·多林.美国和中国最初的相遇[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2014:15.
[4]许晓冬.早期中美贸易关系与政策研究[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2015:26.
[5]梁碧颖.龙与鹰:中美交往的历史考察[M].广州:广东人民出版社,2004:13.
[6]Agnes.D.Hewes.Two Oceans to Canton,The Story of the Old China Trade,New York,1944:27.
[7][美]威廉·C·亨特.广州“番鬼”录[M].广州:广东人民出版社,1993:72.
[8]亨特著.旧中国杂记[M].沈正邦,译,章文钦,校.广州:广东人民出版社,1992:149.
[9][美]本·巴鲁克·塞利格曼著.美国企业史[M].复旦大学资本主义国家经济研究所,译.上海:上海人民出版社,1975:99.
[10][美]本·巴鲁克·塞利格曼著.美国企业史[M].复旦大学资本主义国家经济研究所,译.上海:上海人民出版社,1975:107-110.
[11][美]复克纳.美国经济史:上册[M].北京:商务印书馆,1964:183.
[12][美]复克纳.美国经济史:上册[M].北京:商务印书馆,1964:289.
[13][美]约翰·海达德著.初闯中国—美国对华贸易、条约、鸦片和救赎的故事[M].河道宽,译.广州:花城出版社,2015:97.
[14][美]埃里克·杰·多林.美国和中国最初的相遇[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2014:148.
[15][美]泰勒·丹涅特.美国人在东亚[M].北京:商务印书馆,1962:37.
[16][美]埃里克·杰·多林.美国和中国最初的相遇[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2014:149.