关系嵌入对企业竞争情报工作的影响分析
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摘要
[目的/意义]人际情报网络对企业竞争情报工作具有重要意义,从关系嵌入的视角对网络中情报关系进行研究,发现关系嵌入影响情报绩效的作用机制。[方法/过程]以从事情报工作的管理人员为研究对象,采用调查问卷和结构方程模型拟合等方法,对关系持久度、关系质量和关系强度如何影响情报绩效进行研究。[结果/结论]指出关系嵌入正向影响竞争情报工作,其中,关系质量对情报绩效的贡献最大。此外,企业需加强高质量情报关系的适度嵌入,以凸显人际渠道在关键情报获取方面的不可或缺性。
[Purpose/significance] Huamn intelligence network have great significance to enterprise competitive intelligence work. In order to find the mechanism of relational embeddedness influencing the performance, this paper researchs the relationship in the network from perspective of the relational embeddedness. [Method/process] Intelligence manager as object, the paper, through questionnaire and structural equation model, this paper research the influence of relational embeddedness on the intelligence performance. [Result/conclusion] The resout shows that the relational embeddedness have positive effect on intelligence performance, among them, relationship quality contributes the most. To highlighten the importance of the hunman intellignece, enterprises must strengthen the moderated embeddeddness of the high quality relationship.
[Purpose/significance] Huamn intelligence network have great significance to enterprise competitive intelligence work. In order to find the mechanism of relational embeddedness influencing the performance, this paper researchs the relationship in the network from perspective of the relational embeddedness. [Method/process] Intelligence manager as object, the paper, through questionnaire and structural equation model, this paper research the influence of relational embeddedness on the intelligence performance. [Result/conclusion] The resout shows that the relational embeddedness have positive effect on intelligence performance, among them, relationship quality contributes the most. To highlighten the importance of the hunman intellignece, enterprises must strengthen the moderated embeddeddness of the high quality relationship.
引文
[1] GRANVOTTER M.Economic action and social structure:the problem of embeddedness[J].American journal of sociology,1985,91(11):481-510.
[2] 包昌火,李艳,王秀玲,等.人际情报网络[J].情报理论与实践,2006(3):129-141.
[3] 秦铁辉.嵌入性理论对情报学研究的启示[J].图书情报工作,2009,53(24):5-6,20.
[4] 陈峰.面向企业战略管理的竞争情报研究[D].北京:北京大学,2002:29-30.
[5] 王知津,樊振佳.基于社会网络分析的企业竞争情报战略[J].图书情报知识,2007,120(11):5-10.
[6] 马德辉,包昌火.论企业知识网络能力的培育[J].图书情报工作,2008,52(2):28-32.
[7] 王克平.基于竞争情报的企业危机预警体系研究[J].情报理论与实践,2009(12):56-59.
[8] GRANOVETTER M.Economic institutions as social constructions:A framework for analysis[J].Acta sociological,1992,35(1),3-11.
[9] POLYANI K.The great transformation:The political and economic origins of our time [M].Boston:Beacon Press,1944.
[10] BIRLEY S,CORMIE S,MYERS A.Entrepreneurial newtoks:Their emergence in Ireland and overseas[J].International small business journal,1991,9(4):57-74.
[11] DAHAB D J.Ties that bind:The dimensions and outcomes of relational embeddedness in Hungarian marketing channels[D].Lincoln :The University of Nebraska-Lincoln,1996.
[12] UZZI B.Social structure and competition in interfirm networks:The paradox of embeddedness[J].Administrative science quarterly,1997,42(1):35-67.
[13] COLEMAN J.Social capital in the creation of human capital[J].American journal of sociology,1988,94(S):95-120.
[14] MORAN P.Structural vs.relational embeddedness,social capital and managerial performance[J].Strategic management joumal,2005,26(12):1129-1151.
[15] MOLM L D,WHITHAM M M,MELAMED D.Forms of exchange and integrative bonds:effects of history and embeddedness[J].American sociological review,2012,77(1):141-165.
[16] ROWLEY T,BEHRENS D,KRACKHARDT D.Redundant governance structures:an analysis of structural and relational embeddedness in the steel and semiconductor industries[J].Strategic management journal,2000,21(3):369-386.
[17] ANDERSSON M,FORSGREN U,HOLM U.The strategic impact of external networks:subsidiary performance and competence development in the multinational corporation[J].Strategic management joumal.2002,23(2):979-996.
[18] KAUFMAN P,JAVACHANDRAN S,ROSE R L.The role of relational embeddedness in retail buyers' selection of new products[J].Journal of marketing research.2006,43(4):580-587.
[19] GULATI R,SYTCH M.Dependence asymmetry and joint dependence in interorganizational relationships:effects of embeddedness on a manufacturer’s performance in procurement relationships[J].Administrative science quarterl,2007,52(1):32-69.
[20] GILLESPIE N A,Mann L.Transformationall leadership and shared values:the building blocks of trust[J].Journal of managerial psychology,2004,19(6):588-607.
[21] JULIE M H,WILLIAM S H.The evolution of firm networks,from emergence to early growth of the firm[J].Strategic management journal,2001,22(3):275-286.
[22] PRESCOTT J E.Competitive intelligence:lessons from the trenches[J].Competitive intelligence review,2001,12(2):5-19.
[23] 晏创业.竞争情报活动中的人际网络研究[D].北京:北京大学,2005:23-25.
[24] 王馨,秦铁辉.基于嵌入理论的人际情报网络影响因素模型研究[J].情报理论与实践,2009 (10):13-16,20.
[25] 彭靖里.竞争情报中人际网络构建的理论研究——基于社会网络的分析观点[J].图书情报工作,2006,50(4):38-42.
[26] CUNNINGHAM M R.Brand loyalty-what,where,how much?[J].Harvard business review,1956,34(1):116-128.
[27] CROSS R,PARKER A,PRUSAK L.Knowing what we know:supporting knowledge creation and sharing in social networks[J].Organizational dynamics,2001,30 (2):100-120.
[28] BORGATTI S P,CROSS R A.relational view of information seeking and learning in social networks[J].Management science,2003,49(4):432-445.
[29] POLIDORO F,AHUJA G,MITCHELL W.When the social structure overshadows competitive incentives:the effects of network embeddedness on jointventure dissolution[J].Academy of management journal,2011,54(1):203-223.
[30] FORNELL C,JOHNSOND M D,ANDERSON E W.The American customer satisfaction index:nature,purpose,and findings[J].The journal of marketing,1996,60(4):7-18.
[31] COOK S K.Exchange and power in networks of interorganizational relations[J].The sociological quarterly,1977,18(1):62-82.
[32] KRACKHARDT D,HANSON J R.Informal networks:“The company behind the charts”[J].Harvard business review,1993,71(4):104-112.
[33] COUSENS L,BAMES M L.Sport delivery in a highly socialized environment:a case study of embeddedness[J].Journal of sport management,2009,23(5):574-590.
[34] 李开,江天鹏,刘凯丽.社会网络嵌入与集群企业合作营销实证研究——基于我国传统产业集群的调查[J].科学决策,2014(6):1-13.
[35] LARSON A.Network dyads in entrepreneurial settings:a study of the governance of exchange relationship[J].Administrative science quarterly,1992,37 (1):76-104.
[36] SAXENIAN A.The origins and dynamics of production networks in silicon valley[J].Research policy,1991,20(5):423-437.
[37] DONEY M P,CANNON P J.An examination of the nature of trust in buyer - seller relationships [J].Journal of marketing,1997,61(4):35-51.
[38] DAY M,FAWCETT E S,FAWCETT A M.Trust and relational embeddedness:exploring a paradox of trust pattern development in key supplier relationships [J].Industrial marketing management,2013,42(2):152-165.
[39] ANDERSON C J,NARUS A J.A model of distributor firm and manufacturer firm working partnerships[J].Journal of marketing,1990,54(1):42-58.
[40] JAP D S,GANESAN S.Control mechanisms and the relationship life cycle:implications for safeguarding specific investments and developing commitment[J].Journal of marketing research,2000,37(2):227-245.
[41] GABEL S L,HAIDIT J.What(and why) is positive psychology[J].Review of general psychology,2005,(2):103-110.
[42] BIAN Y J,SOON A.Guanxi networks and job mobility in China[J].Social force,1997,75(3):981-1005.
[43] HAUSMAN A.Variations in relationship strength and its impact on performance and satisfaction in business relationships[J].Journal of business & industrial marketing,2001,16(7):600-616.
[44] BIAN Y J,Bringing strong ties back in:indirect ties,network bridges,and job searches in China[J].American sociological review,1997,62( 3):366-385.
[45] 罗家德.社会网络分析讲义[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2005.
[46] MUSTEEN M,FRANCIS J,DATTA K D.The influence of international networks on internationalization speed and performance:a study of Czech SMEs[J].Journal of world business,2010,45(3):197-205.
[47] 陈峰.应对入世后的国际竞争呼唤实施国家竞争情报战略[J].中国科技论坛,2005(3):20-23.
[48] 解娟,杨洋,边燕杰.人际情报网络何以提升中国企业的国际竞争力[J].情报杂志,2018,37(5):59-63,181.
[49] GRANVOTTER M.The strength of weak ties[J].American journal of sociology.1973,78(6):1360-1380.
[50] LIN N,ENSEL M W,VAUGHN C J.Social resources and strength of ties:structural factors in occupational status attainment[J].American sociological review,1981,46(4):393-405.
[51] KRACKHARD D.The strength of strong ties:the importance of philos in organizations[C]// NOHRIA N,ECCLES R G.Networks and organizations:structure,form,and action.Boston:Harvard Business School Press,1992:216-239.
[52] GILSING V,NOOTEBOOM B.Density and strength of ties in innovation networks:an analysis of multi media and biotechnology[J].European management review,2005,2(3):179-197.
[53] 曹春红.基于社会网络分析的企业竞争情报人际网络研究[D].太原:山西财经大学,2010.
[54] 周劲波,黄胜.国际社会资本与企业国际化特征关系研究[J].科研管理,2010,31(1):46-63.
[2] 包昌火,李艳,王秀玲,等.人际情报网络[J].情报理论与实践,2006(3):129-141.
[3] 秦铁辉.嵌入性理论对情报学研究的启示[J].图书情报工作,2009,53(24):5-6,20.
[4] 陈峰.面向企业战略管理的竞争情报研究[D].北京:北京大学,2002:29-30.
[5] 王知津,樊振佳.基于社会网络分析的企业竞争情报战略[J].图书情报知识,2007,120(11):5-10.
[6] 马德辉,包昌火.论企业知识网络能力的培育[J].图书情报工作,2008,52(2):28-32.
[7] 王克平.基于竞争情报的企业危机预警体系研究[J].情报理论与实践,2009(12):56-59.
[8] GRANOVETTER M.Economic institutions as social constructions:A framework for analysis[J].Acta sociological,1992,35(1),3-11.
[9] POLYANI K.The great transformation:The political and economic origins of our time [M].Boston:Beacon Press,1944.
[10] BIRLEY S,CORMIE S,MYERS A.Entrepreneurial newtoks:Their emergence in Ireland and overseas[J].International small business journal,1991,9(4):57-74.
[11] DAHAB D J.Ties that bind:The dimensions and outcomes of relational embeddedness in Hungarian marketing channels[D].Lincoln :The University of Nebraska-Lincoln,1996.
[12] UZZI B.Social structure and competition in interfirm networks:The paradox of embeddedness[J].Administrative science quarterly,1997,42(1):35-67.
[13] COLEMAN J.Social capital in the creation of human capital[J].American journal of sociology,1988,94(S):95-120.
[14] MORAN P.Structural vs.relational embeddedness,social capital and managerial performance[J].Strategic management joumal,2005,26(12):1129-1151.
[15] MOLM L D,WHITHAM M M,MELAMED D.Forms of exchange and integrative bonds:effects of history and embeddedness[J].American sociological review,2012,77(1):141-165.
[16] ROWLEY T,BEHRENS D,KRACKHARDT D.Redundant governance structures:an analysis of structural and relational embeddedness in the steel and semiconductor industries[J].Strategic management journal,2000,21(3):369-386.
[17] ANDERSSON M,FORSGREN U,HOLM U.The strategic impact of external networks:subsidiary performance and competence development in the multinational corporation[J].Strategic management joumal.2002,23(2):979-996.
[18] KAUFMAN P,JAVACHANDRAN S,ROSE R L.The role of relational embeddedness in retail buyers' selection of new products[J].Journal of marketing research.2006,43(4):580-587.
[19] GULATI R,SYTCH M.Dependence asymmetry and joint dependence in interorganizational relationships:effects of embeddedness on a manufacturer’s performance in procurement relationships[J].Administrative science quarterl,2007,52(1):32-69.
[20] GILLESPIE N A,Mann L.Transformationall leadership and shared values:the building blocks of trust[J].Journal of managerial psychology,2004,19(6):588-607.
[21] JULIE M H,WILLIAM S H.The evolution of firm networks,from emergence to early growth of the firm[J].Strategic management journal,2001,22(3):275-286.
[22] PRESCOTT J E.Competitive intelligence:lessons from the trenches[J].Competitive intelligence review,2001,12(2):5-19.
[23] 晏创业.竞争情报活动中的人际网络研究[D].北京:北京大学,2005:23-25.
[24] 王馨,秦铁辉.基于嵌入理论的人际情报网络影响因素模型研究[J].情报理论与实践,2009 (10):13-16,20.
[25] 彭靖里.竞争情报中人际网络构建的理论研究——基于社会网络的分析观点[J].图书情报工作,2006,50(4):38-42.
[26] CUNNINGHAM M R.Brand loyalty-what,where,how much?[J].Harvard business review,1956,34(1):116-128.
[27] CROSS R,PARKER A,PRUSAK L.Knowing what we know:supporting knowledge creation and sharing in social networks[J].Organizational dynamics,2001,30 (2):100-120.
[28] BORGATTI S P,CROSS R A.relational view of information seeking and learning in social networks[J].Management science,2003,49(4):432-445.
[29] POLIDORO F,AHUJA G,MITCHELL W.When the social structure overshadows competitive incentives:the effects of network embeddedness on jointventure dissolution[J].Academy of management journal,2011,54(1):203-223.
[30] FORNELL C,JOHNSOND M D,ANDERSON E W.The American customer satisfaction index:nature,purpose,and findings[J].The journal of marketing,1996,60(4):7-18.
[31] COOK S K.Exchange and power in networks of interorganizational relations[J].The sociological quarterly,1977,18(1):62-82.
[32] KRACKHARDT D,HANSON J R.Informal networks:“The company behind the charts”[J].Harvard business review,1993,71(4):104-112.
[33] COUSENS L,BAMES M L.Sport delivery in a highly socialized environment:a case study of embeddedness[J].Journal of sport management,2009,23(5):574-590.
[34] 李开,江天鹏,刘凯丽.社会网络嵌入与集群企业合作营销实证研究——基于我国传统产业集群的调查[J].科学决策,2014(6):1-13.
[35] LARSON A.Network dyads in entrepreneurial settings:a study of the governance of exchange relationship[J].Administrative science quarterly,1992,37 (1):76-104.
[36] SAXENIAN A.The origins and dynamics of production networks in silicon valley[J].Research policy,1991,20(5):423-437.
[37] DONEY M P,CANNON P J.An examination of the nature of trust in buyer - seller relationships [J].Journal of marketing,1997,61(4):35-51.
[38] DAY M,FAWCETT E S,FAWCETT A M.Trust and relational embeddedness:exploring a paradox of trust pattern development in key supplier relationships [J].Industrial marketing management,2013,42(2):152-165.
[39] ANDERSON C J,NARUS A J.A model of distributor firm and manufacturer firm working partnerships[J].Journal of marketing,1990,54(1):42-58.
[40] JAP D S,GANESAN S.Control mechanisms and the relationship life cycle:implications for safeguarding specific investments and developing commitment[J].Journal of marketing research,2000,37(2):227-245.
[41] GABEL S L,HAIDIT J.What(and why) is positive psychology[J].Review of general psychology,2005,(2):103-110.
[42] BIAN Y J,SOON A.Guanxi networks and job mobility in China[J].Social force,1997,75(3):981-1005.
[43] HAUSMAN A.Variations in relationship strength and its impact on performance and satisfaction in business relationships[J].Journal of business & industrial marketing,2001,16(7):600-616.
[44] BIAN Y J,Bringing strong ties back in:indirect ties,network bridges,and job searches in China[J].American sociological review,1997,62( 3):366-385.
[45] 罗家德.社会网络分析讲义[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2005.
[46] MUSTEEN M,FRANCIS J,DATTA K D.The influence of international networks on internationalization speed and performance:a study of Czech SMEs[J].Journal of world business,2010,45(3):197-205.
[47] 陈峰.应对入世后的国际竞争呼唤实施国家竞争情报战略[J].中国科技论坛,2005(3):20-23.
[48] 解娟,杨洋,边燕杰.人际情报网络何以提升中国企业的国际竞争力[J].情报杂志,2018,37(5):59-63,181.
[49] GRANVOTTER M.The strength of weak ties[J].American journal of sociology.1973,78(6):1360-1380.
[50] LIN N,ENSEL M W,VAUGHN C J.Social resources and strength of ties:structural factors in occupational status attainment[J].American sociological review,1981,46(4):393-405.
[51] KRACKHARD D.The strength of strong ties:the importance of philos in organizations[C]// NOHRIA N,ECCLES R G.Networks and organizations:structure,form,and action.Boston:Harvard Business School Press,1992:216-239.
[52] GILSING V,NOOTEBOOM B.Density and strength of ties in innovation networks:an analysis of multi media and biotechnology[J].European management review,2005,2(3):179-197.
[53] 曹春红.基于社会网络分析的企业竞争情报人际网络研究[D].太原:山西财经大学,2010.
[54] 周劲波,黄胜.国际社会资本与企业国际化特征关系研究[J].科研管理,2010,31(1):46-63.