尾叶桉×细叶桉木材密度与生长的联合选择
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摘要
[目的]评估Resistograph钻刺法间接测定尾叶桉×细叶桉木材密度的可靠性,检测杂交亲本对子代表型的效应以及生长与木材密度的相关,评选速生、优质的尾细桉杂种。[方法]基于10株尾叶桉与10株细叶桉不完全析因交配产生的56个杂交组合的7.5年生试验林,利用79株分析容积法与Resistograph钻刺法测定的木材密度的相关,通过方差分析检测亲本对杂种生长和木材密度的效应,结合多重比较和独立淘汰法进行材积和木材密度的联合选择。[结果]容积法与Resistograph钻刺法测定的木材密度的表型相关系数为0.52(P<0.001),遗传相关系数为0.55(P<0.05);树高、胸径及材积的母本间和父本间均呈极显著差异(P<0.001或0.01),但母本×父本互作的效应不显著;对钻刺木材密度,父本间呈极显著差异(P<0.001),母本×父本互作显著(P<0.05),但母本间差异不显著;树高、胸径和材积间的表型相关和遗传相关均极显著(P<0.001),其与钻刺木材密度的表型相关极显著(P<0.001),但遗传相关不显著;评选出速生、木材密度较高的杂交组合14个、单株17株。[结论]Resistograph钻刺法是一种间接测定尾细桉木材密度的简便、经济和可靠的方法;母本和父本选择以及母本与父本的组配对培育速生、材质优良的尾细桉杂种均较重要;尾细桉生长与木材密度的遗传相关不显著,需要对这两类性状分别进行选择;评选的尾细桉杂交组合和单株为培育速生、优质的桉树良种提供了有用的材料。
[Objective]To evaluate the reliability of Resistograph penetration method on indirect measurement of wood density of Eucalyptus urophylla × E. tereticornis hybrids,detect the parental effects on cross phenotypic traits and the correlations between growth and wood density,and select fast-growing and high wood-quality Eucalyptus urophylla × E. tereticornis hybrids. [Method] In a 7. 5-year-old trial stand with fifty six hybrid combinations derived from an incomplete factorial mating among 10 E. urophylla(female) and 10 E. tereticornis(male) parents,79 treeswere sampled to determine the correlation in wood density between volumetric and Resistograph measurements. The effects of parents on hybrid growth and wood density were detected by variance analysis. Multiple comparison and independent selection were performed to make joint selection of stand volume and wood density. [Result]The phenotypic and genetic correlation coefficients between volumetric and Resistograph measurements were 0. 52(P <0. 001) and 0. 55(P < 0. 05),respectively. The differences in the traits of height,DBH and stock volume,were highly significant(P < 0. 001 or 0. 01) among either females or males,but no significant difference was observed for female × male interactions. For Resistogra Ph-based wood density,however,the differences were highly significant(P < 0. 001) among the males and significant(P < 0. 05) for female × male interactions,but insignificant among the females. The growth traits of height,DBH and stock volume were highly significantly correlated in both phenotypic and genetic terms(P < 0. 001),while their phenotypic and genetic correlations with wood density were highly significant(P < 0. 001) and insignificant,respectively. A total of 14 hybrids and 17 individual trees were selected out. [Conclusion] Resistograph method is convenient,economic and reliable for indirect measurement of wood density of E. urophylla × E. tereticornis hybrids. Female and male parents selecting and parental pairing are important for breeding fast-grow and high wood-quality hybrids. Since there is no significant genetic correlation between growth and wood density,it indicates the necessity of selecting separately against the two traits. The hybrids and trees selected out are of valuable plant materials for further cultivating fast-grow and high wood-quality eucalypt hybrids.
[Objective]To evaluate the reliability of Resistograph penetration method on indirect measurement of wood density of Eucalyptus urophylla × E. tereticornis hybrids,detect the parental effects on cross phenotypic traits and the correlations between growth and wood density,and select fast-growing and high wood-quality Eucalyptus urophylla × E. tereticornis hybrids. [Method] In a 7. 5-year-old trial stand with fifty six hybrid combinations derived from an incomplete factorial mating among 10 E. urophylla(female) and 10 E. tereticornis(male) parents,79 treeswere sampled to determine the correlation in wood density between volumetric and Resistograph measurements. The effects of parents on hybrid growth and wood density were detected by variance analysis. Multiple comparison and independent selection were performed to make joint selection of stand volume and wood density. [Result]The phenotypic and genetic correlation coefficients between volumetric and Resistograph measurements were 0. 52(P <0. 001) and 0. 55(P < 0. 05),respectively. The differences in the traits of height,DBH and stock volume,were highly significant(P < 0. 001 or 0. 01) among either females or males,but no significant difference was observed for female × male interactions. For Resistogra Ph-based wood density,however,the differences were highly significant(P < 0. 001) among the males and significant(P < 0. 05) for female × male interactions,but insignificant among the females. The growth traits of height,DBH and stock volume were highly significantly correlated in both phenotypic and genetic terms(P < 0. 001),while their phenotypic and genetic correlations with wood density were highly significant(P < 0. 001) and insignificant,respectively. A total of 14 hybrids and 17 individual trees were selected out. [Conclusion] Resistograph method is convenient,economic and reliable for indirect measurement of wood density of E. urophylla × E. tereticornis hybrids. Female and male parents selecting and parental pairing are important for breeding fast-grow and high wood-quality hybrids. Since there is no significant genetic correlation between growth and wood density,it indicates the necessity of selecting separately against the two traits. The hybrids and trees selected out are of valuable plant materials for further cultivating fast-grow and high wood-quality eucalypt hybrids.
引文
[1]Midgley S J.Making a difference:celebrating success in Asia[J].Australian Forestry,2013,76(2):73-75.
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[7]Chave J,Coomes D,Jansen S,et al.Towards a worldwide wood economics spectrum[J].Ecology Letters,2009,12(4):351-366.
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[9]Raymond C A,Muneri A,Mac Donald A C.Non-destructive sampling for basic density in Eucalyptus globulus and E.nitens[J].APPITA Journal,1998,51(3):224-228.
[10]Hein P R G,Bouvet J-M,Mandrou E,et al.Age trends of microfibril angle inheritance and their genetic and environmental correlations with growth,density and chemical properties in Eucalyptus urophylla S.T.Blake wood[J].Annals of Forest Science,2012,69(6):681-691.
[11]Isik F,Li B.Rapid assessment of wood density of live trees using the Resistograph for selection in tree improvement programs[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2003,33(12):2426
[12]Bouffier L,Charlot C,Raffin A,et al.Can wood density be efficiently selected at early stage in maritime pine(Pinus pinaster Ait.)[J].Annals of Forest Science,2008,65(1):106p1-106p8.
[13]Weng Q,He X,Li F,et al.Hybridizing ability and heterosis between Eucalyptus urophylla and E.tereticornis for growth and wood density over two environments[J].Silvae Genetica,2014,63(1-2):15-24.
[14]彭仕尧,徐建民,李光友,等.尾细桉无性系在雷州半岛的生长与遗传分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报:自然科学版,2013,33(4):23-27.
[15]He X,Li F,Li M,et al.Quantitative genetics of cold hardiness and growth in Eucalyptus as estimated from E.urophylla×E.tereticornis hybrids[J].New Forests,2012,43(3):383-394.
[16]何旭东,李发根,翁启杰,等.尾叶桉×细叶桉杂种生长和耐寒性的联合选择[J].中南林业科技大学学报:自然科学版,2010,30(8):68-71.
[17]He X,Wang Y,Li F,et al.Development of 198 novel EST-derived microsatellites in Eucalyptus(Myrtaceae)[J].American Journal of Botany,2012,99(4):e134-e148.
[18]Gilmour A R,Gogel B J,Cullis B R,et al.ASReml User Guide Release 3.0[M].Hemel Hempstead:VSN International Ltd,2009:214-219.
[19]Stackpole D J,Vaillancourt R E,Marcelo A,et al.Age trends in genetic parameters for growth and wood density in Eucalyptus globulus[J].Tree Genetics&Genomes,2010,6(2):179-193.
[20]I·9el B,Güler G.Nondestructive determination of spruce lumber wood density using drilling resistance(Resistograph)method[J].Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry,2016,40:900-907.
[21]Eldridge K G,Davidson J,Hardwood C,et al.Eucalypt Domestication and Breeding[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1993:139-153.
[22]Potts B M,Dungey H S.Interspecific hybridization of Eucalyptus:key issues for breeders and geneticists[J].New Forests,2004,27(2):115-138.
[23]Malan F S,Verryn S D.Effect of genotype-by-environment interaction on the wood properties and qualities of four-year-old Eucalyptus grandis and E.grandis hybrids[J].South African Forestry Journal,1996,176(1):47-53.
[24]Mac Donald A C,Borralho N M G,Potts B M.Genetic variation for growth and wood density in Eucalyptus globulus ssp.globulus in Tasmania(Australia)[J].Silvae Genetica,1997,46(4):236-241.
[25]Greaves B L,Borralho N M G,Raymond C A,et al.Age-age correlations in,and relationships between basic density and growth in Eucalyptus nitens[J].Silvae Genetica,1997,46(5):264-270.
[26]Hung T D,Brawner J T,Lee D J,et al.Genetic variation in growth and wood-quality traits of Corymbia citriodora subsp.variegata across three sites in south-east Queensland,Australia[J].Southern Forests,2016,78(3):225-239.
[27]Kang K S,Lai H L,Lindgren D.Using single family in reforestation:gene diversity concerns[J].Silvae Genetica,2002,51(1):65-72.
[28]Danuseviěius D,Lindgren D.Clonal testing may be the best approach to long-term breeding of Eucalyptus[M]//Wei R-P,Xu D.Eucalyptus Plantations Research,Management and Development.Singapore:World Scientific,2003:192-210.
[2]谢耀坚.真实的桉树[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2015:36-37.
[3]Wallis A S A,Wearne R H,Wright P J.Analytical characteristics of plantation eucalypt woods relating to kraft pulp yields[J].APPITA Journal,1996,49(6):427-432.
[4]Hung T D,Brawner J T,Meder R,et al.Estimates of genetic parameters for growth and wood properties in Eucalyptus pellita F.Muell.to support tree breeding in Vietnam[J].Annals of Forest Science,2015,72(2):205-217.
[5]Fearnside P M.Wood density for estimating forest biomass in Brazilian Amazonia[J].Forest Ecology and Management,1997,90(1):59-87.
[6]Nogueira E M,Fearnside P M,Nelson B W,et al.Wood density in forests of Brazil’s‘arc of deforestation’:Implications for biomass and flux of carbon from land-use change in Amazonia[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2007,248(3):119-135.
[7]Chave J,Coomes D,Jansen S,et al.Towards a worldwide wood economics spectrum[J].Ecology Letters,2009,12(4):351-366.
[8]Ukrainetz N K,O’Neill G A.An analysis of sensitivities contributing measurement error to Resistograph values[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2010,40(4):806-811.
[9]Raymond C A,Muneri A,Mac Donald A C.Non-destructive sampling for basic density in Eucalyptus globulus and E.nitens[J].APPITA Journal,1998,51(3):224-228.
[10]Hein P R G,Bouvet J-M,Mandrou E,et al.Age trends of microfibril angle inheritance and their genetic and environmental correlations with growth,density and chemical properties in Eucalyptus urophylla S.T.Blake wood[J].Annals of Forest Science,2012,69(6):681-691.
[11]Isik F,Li B.Rapid assessment of wood density of live trees using the Resistograph for selection in tree improvement programs[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2003,33(12):2426
[12]Bouffier L,Charlot C,Raffin A,et al.Can wood density be efficiently selected at early stage in maritime pine(Pinus pinaster Ait.)[J].Annals of Forest Science,2008,65(1):106p1-106p8.
[13]Weng Q,He X,Li F,et al.Hybridizing ability and heterosis between Eucalyptus urophylla and E.tereticornis for growth and wood density over two environments[J].Silvae Genetica,2014,63(1-2):15-24.
[14]彭仕尧,徐建民,李光友,等.尾细桉无性系在雷州半岛的生长与遗传分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报:自然科学版,2013,33(4):23-27.
[15]He X,Li F,Li M,et al.Quantitative genetics of cold hardiness and growth in Eucalyptus as estimated from E.urophylla×E.tereticornis hybrids[J].New Forests,2012,43(3):383-394.
[16]何旭东,李发根,翁启杰,等.尾叶桉×细叶桉杂种生长和耐寒性的联合选择[J].中南林业科技大学学报:自然科学版,2010,30(8):68-71.
[17]He X,Wang Y,Li F,et al.Development of 198 novel EST-derived microsatellites in Eucalyptus(Myrtaceae)[J].American Journal of Botany,2012,99(4):e134-e148.
[18]Gilmour A R,Gogel B J,Cullis B R,et al.ASReml User Guide Release 3.0[M].Hemel Hempstead:VSN International Ltd,2009:214-219.
[19]Stackpole D J,Vaillancourt R E,Marcelo A,et al.Age trends in genetic parameters for growth and wood density in Eucalyptus globulus[J].Tree Genetics&Genomes,2010,6(2):179-193.
[20]I·9el B,Güler G.Nondestructive determination of spruce lumber wood density using drilling resistance(Resistograph)method[J].Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry,2016,40:900-907.
[21]Eldridge K G,Davidson J,Hardwood C,et al.Eucalypt Domestication and Breeding[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1993:139-153.
[22]Potts B M,Dungey H S.Interspecific hybridization of Eucalyptus:key issues for breeders and geneticists[J].New Forests,2004,27(2):115-138.
[23]Malan F S,Verryn S D.Effect of genotype-by-environment interaction on the wood properties and qualities of four-year-old Eucalyptus grandis and E.grandis hybrids[J].South African Forestry Journal,1996,176(1):47-53.
[24]Mac Donald A C,Borralho N M G,Potts B M.Genetic variation for growth and wood density in Eucalyptus globulus ssp.globulus in Tasmania(Australia)[J].Silvae Genetica,1997,46(4):236-241.
[25]Greaves B L,Borralho N M G,Raymond C A,et al.Age-age correlations in,and relationships between basic density and growth in Eucalyptus nitens[J].Silvae Genetica,1997,46(5):264-270.
[26]Hung T D,Brawner J T,Lee D J,et al.Genetic variation in growth and wood-quality traits of Corymbia citriodora subsp.variegata across three sites in south-east Queensland,Australia[J].Southern Forests,2016,78(3):225-239.
[27]Kang K S,Lai H L,Lindgren D.Using single family in reforestation:gene diversity concerns[J].Silvae Genetica,2002,51(1):65-72.
[28]Danuseviěius D,Lindgren D.Clonal testing may be the best approach to long-term breeding of Eucalyptus[M]//Wei R-P,Xu D.Eucalyptus Plantations Research,Management and Development.Singapore:World Scientific,2003:192-210.