材性快速评估技术在刨花楠活立木木材密度和弹性模量预测中的应用
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摘要
为实现刨花楠(Machilus pauhiol)活立木木材密度和弹性模量的早期预测,以17 a生刨花楠人工林为研究对象,采用木材性质快速测定仪(Silvi Scan)以及Pilodyn和微秒计等检测仪器,研究不同测定指标间的相关关系,并建立活立木木材密度和弹性模量的快速评估模型。结果表明,木材密度(ρ)与Pilodyn测定值(P_r)呈极显著负相关(R=-0.830,P<0.001),其线性回归方程为ρ=855.082-20.404P_r(R~2=0.685),说明P_r能对ρ进行很好的预测。弹性模量实测值(E)、弹性模量计算值(E_((v)2_(+ρ)))和弹性模量相对值(E_((v)2_(+Pr)))之间均呈极显著正相关关系,相关系数均达0.800以上,其线性回归方程分别为E=3.440+1.134E_((v)2_(+ρ))(R~2=0.810)、E=4.717+0.710E_((v)2_(+Pr))(R~2=0.713)和E_((v)2_(+ρ))=1.112+0.628E_((v)2_(+Pr))(R~2=0.887)。因此,E_((v)2_(+ρ))和E_((v)2_(+Pr))均可代替E进行评估与选育,但在实际工作中,用P_r代替ρ计算E_((v)2+_(Pr))并进行直接分析,可极大减少工作量。
To achieve the early prediction of wood density and modulus of elasticity of the standing tree of Machilus pauhiol,a 17-year-old M.pauhiol plantation tree was studied in this paper.The wood property rapid determination apparatus(SilviScan)was used to determine the wood density(ρ)and the actual modulus of elasticity(E).As evaluation instrument,both the Pilodyn and microsecond timer were used to measure the value of Pilodyn(P_r)and the wave velocity(v).The SilviScan and the testing instrument,such as Pilodyn and microsecond timer,were used to investigate the correlation among the measured indexes.Then a rapid assessment model was developed for the wood density and the modulus of elasticity of the standing tree.The results showed that there was a highly significant negative correlation(R=-0.830,P<0.001)between the wood density(ρ)and the measured value of Pilodyn(P_r),and the linear regression equation betweenρand P_rwasρ=855.082-20.404P_r(R~2=0.685).It indicated that the P_rcan be used to make a good prediction ofρ.There was a significantly positive correlation between the actual modulus of elasticity,the calculated modulus of elasticity(E_((v)2_(+ρ)))and the relative modulus of elasticity(E_((v)2_(+Pr))),and the correlation coefficients were over 0.800.The linear regression equation between E and E_((v)2_(+ρ))was E=3.440+1.134E_((v)2_(+ρ))(R~2=0.810),between E and E_((v)2_(+Pr))was E=4.717+0.710E_((v)2_(+Pr))(R~2=0.713),and between E_((v)2_(+ρ))and E_((v)2_(+Pr))was E_((v)2_(+ρ))=1.112+0.628E_((v)2_(+Pr))(R~2=0.887).Both the calculated modulus of elasticity and the relative modulus of elasticity could take the place of the actual modulus of elasticity for the evaluation of wood properties and advanced-generation selection.It is feasible to use P_rinstead ofρto calculate the relative modulus of elasticity and the perform direct analysis,which would greatly reduce the work-load.
To achieve the early prediction of wood density and modulus of elasticity of the standing tree of Machilus pauhiol,a 17-year-old M.pauhiol plantation tree was studied in this paper.The wood property rapid determination apparatus(SilviScan)was used to determine the wood density(ρ)and the actual modulus of elasticity(E).As evaluation instrument,both the Pilodyn and microsecond timer were used to measure the value of Pilodyn(P_r)and the wave velocity(v).The SilviScan and the testing instrument,such as Pilodyn and microsecond timer,were used to investigate the correlation among the measured indexes.Then a rapid assessment model was developed for the wood density and the modulus of elasticity of the standing tree.The results showed that there was a highly significant negative correlation(R=-0.830,P<0.001)between the wood density(ρ)and the measured value of Pilodyn(P_r),and the linear regression equation betweenρand P_rwasρ=855.082-20.404P_r(R~2=0.685).It indicated that the P_rcan be used to make a good prediction ofρ.There was a significantly positive correlation between the actual modulus of elasticity,the calculated modulus of elasticity(E_((v)2_(+ρ)))and the relative modulus of elasticity(E_((v)2_(+Pr))),and the correlation coefficients were over 0.800.The linear regression equation between E and E_((v)2_(+ρ))was E=3.440+1.134E_((v)2_(+ρ))(R~2=0.810),between E and E_((v)2_(+Pr))was E=4.717+0.710E_((v)2_(+Pr))(R~2=0.713),and between E_((v)2_(+ρ))and E_((v)2_(+Pr))was E_((v)2_(+ρ))=1.112+0.628E_((v)2_(+Pr))(R~2=0.887).Both the calculated modulus of elasticity and the relative modulus of elasticity could take the place of the actual modulus of elasticity for the evaluation of wood properties and advanced-generation selection.It is feasible to use P_rinstead ofρto calculate the relative modulus of elasticity and the perform direct analysis,which would greatly reduce the work-load.
引文
[1]邓兴宇,钟全林,范永香,等.不同氮磷比与水分添加对刨花楠光合生理特性的影响分析[J].防护林科技,2017(4):4-10.DENG X Y,ZHONG Q L,FAN Y X,et al. Effect of N/P ratio and water on photosynthetic physiological characteristics of Machilus pauhoi[J]. Protection Forest Science and Technology,2017(4):4-10.
[2]郭晓敏,牛德奎,孙科辉.优良阔叶树种——刨花楠木材构造性质及用途的研究[J].江西农业大学学报,1999,21(3):391-394.GUO X M,NIU D K,SUN K H. A study on the wood structure,properties and utilization of Machilus pauhoi Kanehira[J]. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,1999,21(3):391-394.
[3]胡波,钟全林,程栋梁,等.刨花楠树高与胸径异速生长的关系[J].沈阳大学学报(自然科学版),2012,24(3):9-14.HU B,ZHONG Q L,CHENG D L,et al. Relationship between Machilus'height and allometric growth of diameter at breast[J].Journal of Shenyang University(Natural Science),2012,24(3):9-14.
[4]钟全林,张振瀛,张春华,等.刨花楠生物量及其结构动态分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2001,23(4):533-536.ZHONG Q L,ZHANG Z Y,ZHANG C H,et al. The dynamic analysis of the biomass and the structure of Machius Pauhoi[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis, 2001, 23(4):533-536.
[5]田昭鹏,王朝晖,王金林,等.漠河产兴安落叶松弹性模量分级与力学性能[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(3):211-215.TIAN Z P,WANG Z H,WANG J L,et al. Classification in modulus of elasticity and mechanical properties of larch lumber in Mohe[J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(3):211-215.
[6]CAVALHEIRO R S,de ALMEIDA D H,de ALMEIDA T H,et al. Estimation of modulus of elasticity in static bending of wood in structural dimensions as a function of longitudinal vibration and density[J]. Current Journal of Applied Science&Technology,2018,26(1):1-8.
[7]张训亚,姜笑梅,殷亚方.不同方向落叶松木材声-超声参数特征及其与密度关系研究[J].木材加工机械,2017,28(4):24-28.ZHANG X Y, JIANG X M, YIN Y F. Study on acoustouctrasonic parameters of larch wood in different directions and its density relationship[J]. Wood Processing Machinery,2017,28(4):24-28.
[8]PACZESNIOVSKI Z. The influence of wood density on some technological characteristics of processing of selected wood species[D]. Zagreb:University of Zagreb,2017.
[9]KNAPIC S,GRAHN T,LUNDQVIST S O,et al. Juvenile wood characterization of Eucalyptus botryoides and E. maculata by using Silvi Scan[J]. BioResources,2018,13(2):2342-2355.
[10]吴燕,周定国,王思群,等.木材微纤丝角和密度与弹性模量的关系[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2009,33(4):113-116.WU Y,ZHOU D G,WANG S Q,et al. Relationship of wood MFA and density with elastic modulus[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2009,33(4):113-116.
[11]徐金梅,吕建雄,鲍甫成,等.采用Silvi Scan-3TM研究木材性质的方法及其在气候变化研究中的应用[J].气候变化研究进展,2012,8(2):124-130.XU J M,LJ X,BAO F C,et al. Measuring wood properties by SilviScan-3TMand its application in climate change research[J].Progressus Inquisitiones de Mutatione Climatis,2012,8(2):124-130.
[12]赵荣军,周贤武,任海青,等.粗皮桉生长锥与中心条气干密度和弹性模量预测及相关性分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2013,41(12):68-71.ZHAO R G,ZHOU X W,REN H Q,et al. Prediction and correlation analysis of wood air-dry density and elastic modulus for Eucalyptus pellita[J]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2013,41(12):68-71.
[13]WESSELS C B,MALAN F S,RYPSTRA T. A reviewof measurement methods used on standing trees for the prediction of some mechanical properties of timber[J]. European Journal of Forest Research,2011,130(6):881-893.
[14]RAYMOND C A,KUBE P D,PINKARD L,et al. Evaluation of non-destructive methods of measuring growth stress in Eucalyptus globulus:relationships between strain,wood properties and stress[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2004,190(2/3):187-200.
[15]张帅楠,姜景民,徐永勤,等.湿地松活立木弹性模量无损评估技术研究[J].林业科学研究,2017,30(1):75-80.ZHANG S N,JIANG J M,XU Y Q,et al. Study on the modulus of elasticity non-destructive evaluation technique of slash pine standing tree[J]. Forest Research,2017,30(1):75-80.
[16]梁保松,朱景乐,王军辉,等. Pilodyn在华山松活立木木材材性估测中的应用[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2008,32(6):97-101.LIANG B S,ZHU J L,WANG J H,et al. The application of the Pilodyn toassess wood traits of living trees in Pinus armandii[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2008,32(6):97-101.
[17]栾启福,卢萍,井振华,等. Pilodyn评估杂交松活立木的基本密度及其性状相关分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2011,33(3):548-552.LUAN Q F,LU P,JING Z H,et al. Assessment of wood basic density for standing trees of hybrid pines by Pilodyn and the correlation analysis of several traits[J]. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2011,33(3):548-552.
[18]翁翔,李光辉,冯海林,等.应力波在树木径切面内的传播速度模型[J].林业科学,2016,52(7):104-112.WENG X,LI G H,FENG H L,et al. Stress wave propagation velocity model in RL plane of standing trees[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2016,52(7):104-112.
[19]ROSS R J,PELLERIN R F. NDE of wood-based composites with longitudinal stress waves[J]. Forest Products Journal,1988,38(5):39-45.
[20]WU S J,XU J M,LI G Y,et al. Use of the Pilodyn for assessing wood properties in standing trees of Eucalyptus clones[J]. Journal of Forestry Research,2010,21(1):68-72.
[21]张帅楠,栾启福,姜景民.基于无损检测技术的湿地松生长及材性性状遗传变异分析[J].林业科学,2017,53(6):30-36.ZHANG S N,LUAN Q F,JIANG J M. Genetic variation analysis for growth and wood properties of slash pine based on the non-destructive testing technologies[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2017,53(6):30-36.
[22]EVANS R,ILIC J,MATHESON C,et al. Rapid estimation of solid wood stiffness using Silvi Scan[C]//Proceedings of 26th Forest Products Research Conference:Research Developments and Industrial Applications and Wood Waste Forum,Clayton,Victoria,Australia,19-21 June,2000.
[23]CHEN Z Q,KARLSSON B,LUNDQVIST S O,et al. Estimating solid wood properties using Pilodyn and acoustic velocity on standing trees of Norway spruce[J]. Annals of Forest Science,2015,72(4):499-508.
[24]CAMERON A D,LEE S J. Genetic relationships between wood quality traits and diameter growth of juvenile core wood in Sitka spruce[J]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2013,43(1):1-6.
[25]张瑛春,王军辉,张守攻,等. Pilodyn和日本落叶松材性指标的关系[J].林业科学,2010,46(7):114-119.ZHANG Y C,WANG J H,ZHANG S G,et al. Relationship between the Pilodyn penetration and wood property of Larix kaempferi[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2010,46(7):114-119.
[26]易敏,赖猛,孙晓梅,等.无损检测在日本落叶松材性育种中的应用前景探讨[J].林业科学,2014,50(11):96-103.YI M,LAI M,SUN X M,et al. Application prospect on applying nondestructive testing technology in wood property breeding of Larix kaempferi[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2014,50(11):96-103.
[2]郭晓敏,牛德奎,孙科辉.优良阔叶树种——刨花楠木材构造性质及用途的研究[J].江西农业大学学报,1999,21(3):391-394.GUO X M,NIU D K,SUN K H. A study on the wood structure,properties and utilization of Machilus pauhoi Kanehira[J]. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,1999,21(3):391-394.
[3]胡波,钟全林,程栋梁,等.刨花楠树高与胸径异速生长的关系[J].沈阳大学学报(自然科学版),2012,24(3):9-14.HU B,ZHONG Q L,CHENG D L,et al. Relationship between Machilus'height and allometric growth of diameter at breast[J].Journal of Shenyang University(Natural Science),2012,24(3):9-14.
[4]钟全林,张振瀛,张春华,等.刨花楠生物量及其结构动态分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2001,23(4):533-536.ZHONG Q L,ZHANG Z Y,ZHANG C H,et al. The dynamic analysis of the biomass and the structure of Machius Pauhoi[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis, 2001, 23(4):533-536.
[5]田昭鹏,王朝晖,王金林,等.漠河产兴安落叶松弹性模量分级与力学性能[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(3):211-215.TIAN Z P,WANG Z H,WANG J L,et al. Classification in modulus of elasticity and mechanical properties of larch lumber in Mohe[J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(3):211-215.
[6]CAVALHEIRO R S,de ALMEIDA D H,de ALMEIDA T H,et al. Estimation of modulus of elasticity in static bending of wood in structural dimensions as a function of longitudinal vibration and density[J]. Current Journal of Applied Science&Technology,2018,26(1):1-8.
[7]张训亚,姜笑梅,殷亚方.不同方向落叶松木材声-超声参数特征及其与密度关系研究[J].木材加工机械,2017,28(4):24-28.ZHANG X Y, JIANG X M, YIN Y F. Study on acoustouctrasonic parameters of larch wood in different directions and its density relationship[J]. Wood Processing Machinery,2017,28(4):24-28.
[8]PACZESNIOVSKI Z. The influence of wood density on some technological characteristics of processing of selected wood species[D]. Zagreb:University of Zagreb,2017.
[9]KNAPIC S,GRAHN T,LUNDQVIST S O,et al. Juvenile wood characterization of Eucalyptus botryoides and E. maculata by using Silvi Scan[J]. BioResources,2018,13(2):2342-2355.
[10]吴燕,周定国,王思群,等.木材微纤丝角和密度与弹性模量的关系[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2009,33(4):113-116.WU Y,ZHOU D G,WANG S Q,et al. Relationship of wood MFA and density with elastic modulus[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2009,33(4):113-116.
[11]徐金梅,吕建雄,鲍甫成,等.采用Silvi Scan-3TM研究木材性质的方法及其在气候变化研究中的应用[J].气候变化研究进展,2012,8(2):124-130.XU J M,LJ X,BAO F C,et al. Measuring wood properties by SilviScan-3TMand its application in climate change research[J].Progressus Inquisitiones de Mutatione Climatis,2012,8(2):124-130.
[12]赵荣军,周贤武,任海青,等.粗皮桉生长锥与中心条气干密度和弹性模量预测及相关性分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2013,41(12):68-71.ZHAO R G,ZHOU X W,REN H Q,et al. Prediction and correlation analysis of wood air-dry density and elastic modulus for Eucalyptus pellita[J]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2013,41(12):68-71.
[13]WESSELS C B,MALAN F S,RYPSTRA T. A reviewof measurement methods used on standing trees for the prediction of some mechanical properties of timber[J]. European Journal of Forest Research,2011,130(6):881-893.
[14]RAYMOND C A,KUBE P D,PINKARD L,et al. Evaluation of non-destructive methods of measuring growth stress in Eucalyptus globulus:relationships between strain,wood properties and stress[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2004,190(2/3):187-200.
[15]张帅楠,姜景民,徐永勤,等.湿地松活立木弹性模量无损评估技术研究[J].林业科学研究,2017,30(1):75-80.ZHANG S N,JIANG J M,XU Y Q,et al. Study on the modulus of elasticity non-destructive evaluation technique of slash pine standing tree[J]. Forest Research,2017,30(1):75-80.
[16]梁保松,朱景乐,王军辉,等. Pilodyn在华山松活立木木材材性估测中的应用[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2008,32(6):97-101.LIANG B S,ZHU J L,WANG J H,et al. The application of the Pilodyn toassess wood traits of living trees in Pinus armandii[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2008,32(6):97-101.
[17]栾启福,卢萍,井振华,等. Pilodyn评估杂交松活立木的基本密度及其性状相关分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2011,33(3):548-552.LUAN Q F,LU P,JING Z H,et al. Assessment of wood basic density for standing trees of hybrid pines by Pilodyn and the correlation analysis of several traits[J]. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2011,33(3):548-552.
[18]翁翔,李光辉,冯海林,等.应力波在树木径切面内的传播速度模型[J].林业科学,2016,52(7):104-112.WENG X,LI G H,FENG H L,et al. Stress wave propagation velocity model in RL plane of standing trees[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2016,52(7):104-112.
[19]ROSS R J,PELLERIN R F. NDE of wood-based composites with longitudinal stress waves[J]. Forest Products Journal,1988,38(5):39-45.
[20]WU S J,XU J M,LI G Y,et al. Use of the Pilodyn for assessing wood properties in standing trees of Eucalyptus clones[J]. Journal of Forestry Research,2010,21(1):68-72.
[21]张帅楠,栾启福,姜景民.基于无损检测技术的湿地松生长及材性性状遗传变异分析[J].林业科学,2017,53(6):30-36.ZHANG S N,LUAN Q F,JIANG J M. Genetic variation analysis for growth and wood properties of slash pine based on the non-destructive testing technologies[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2017,53(6):30-36.
[22]EVANS R,ILIC J,MATHESON C,et al. Rapid estimation of solid wood stiffness using Silvi Scan[C]//Proceedings of 26th Forest Products Research Conference:Research Developments and Industrial Applications and Wood Waste Forum,Clayton,Victoria,Australia,19-21 June,2000.
[23]CHEN Z Q,KARLSSON B,LUNDQVIST S O,et al. Estimating solid wood properties using Pilodyn and acoustic velocity on standing trees of Norway spruce[J]. Annals of Forest Science,2015,72(4):499-508.
[24]CAMERON A D,LEE S J. Genetic relationships between wood quality traits and diameter growth of juvenile core wood in Sitka spruce[J]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2013,43(1):1-6.
[25]张瑛春,王军辉,张守攻,等. Pilodyn和日本落叶松材性指标的关系[J].林业科学,2010,46(7):114-119.ZHANG Y C,WANG J H,ZHANG S G,et al. Relationship between the Pilodyn penetration and wood property of Larix kaempferi[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2010,46(7):114-119.
[26]易敏,赖猛,孙晓梅,等.无损检测在日本落叶松材性育种中的应用前景探讨[J].林业科学,2014,50(11):96-103.YI M,LAI M,SUN X M,et al. Application prospect on applying nondestructive testing technology in wood property breeding of Larix kaempferi[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2014,50(11):96-103.