2000～2015年山地城市土地利用景观格局动态演变研究——以重庆市渝北区为例
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摘要
以重庆市渝北区为例,借助地理信息系统和遥感手段,利用Landsat TM遥感数据和DEM数据,采用景观指数分析、地形位指数和分布指数等计算方法,对渝北区2000、2005、2010和2015年土地利用景观格局变化特征进行了分析,着重探讨了不同地形、坡度下各种景观类型变化情况,以及它们之间的相互关系,以期为在相似条件下的城市最佳土地利用模式选择提供一定的借鉴和参考。结果表明:(1)渝北区土地资源以中、高级地形位为主,海拔200 m以下,坡度6°以下的土地资源比较匮乏;(2)渝北区主要的景观类型是耕地和林地,但耕地景观总的趋势是不断减少,林地不断增加,建设用地增长较快,总体上景观破碎化程度在增加,景观多样性呈上升趋势;(3)研究期内,中低级地形位区间内大量耕地转变为建设用地,林地、草地景观面积的分布趋势随着地形位指数成正相关关系,其优势地形位主要集中于高级别地形位区间。
Taking Yubei District of Chongqing as an example, this paper uses the remote sensing data of Landsat TM and DEM data with the help of geographic information system and remote sensing methods, and uses the methods of landscape index analysis, terrain niche index and distribution index to analyze the characteristics of the changes of land use landscape pattern from 2010 to 2015. At the same time, it focuses on the changes of landscape types and the relationship between them under different terrain and gradient, so as to provide some reference for the selection of the best land use pattern in cities under similar conditions. The results show that:(1) The land resources of Yubei District are mainly made up of middle and high-level topography, and the land resources below 200 m above sea level and below 6° slope are scarce.(2).The main types of landscape in Yubei District are cultivated land and forest land, but the general trend of cultivated land landscape is decreasing, while the forest land is increasing and the land of construction is growing faster. Generally speaking, landscape fragmentation is increasing and landscape diversity is on the rise.(3) It is found that a large number of arable land is converted into construction land in the middle and low terrain location area during the research period, and the distribution trend of forest land and grassland landscape area expands with the increase of terrain location index, and its dominant terrain position mainly concentrates in the high terrain location area.
Taking Yubei District of Chongqing as an example, this paper uses the remote sensing data of Landsat TM and DEM data with the help of geographic information system and remote sensing methods, and uses the methods of landscape index analysis, terrain niche index and distribution index to analyze the characteristics of the changes of land use landscape pattern from 2010 to 2015. At the same time, it focuses on the changes of landscape types and the relationship between them under different terrain and gradient, so as to provide some reference for the selection of the best land use pattern in cities under similar conditions. The results show that:(1) The land resources of Yubei District are mainly made up of middle and high-level topography, and the land resources below 200 m above sea level and below 6° slope are scarce.(2).The main types of landscape in Yubei District are cultivated land and forest land, but the general trend of cultivated land landscape is decreasing, while the forest land is increasing and the land of construction is growing faster. Generally speaking, landscape fragmentation is increasing and landscape diversity is on the rise.(3) It is found that a large number of arable land is converted into construction land in the middle and low terrain location area during the research period, and the distribution trend of forest land and grassland landscape area expands with the increase of terrain location index, and its dominant terrain position mainly concentrates in the high terrain location area.
引文
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[13] 李晓华,任志远,周自翔.区域景观格局变化特征及人类影响因素分析——以陕西关中平原地区为例[J].西北大学学报:自然科学版,2005,35(5):633-636.LI X H,REN ZH Y,ZHOU Z X.Analysis of regional landscape pattern change characteristics and human influence factors:A case study of Guanzhong Plain in Shan’xi province [J].Journal of Northwest University:Natural Science Edition,2005,35(5):633-636.
[14] 田莉,丁圣彦.豫东平原1980～2000年农业景观生态系统格局动态[J].河南大学学报(自然科学版),2009,39(1):57-62.TIAN L,DING SH Y.Dynamics of agricultural landscape ecosystem pattern in east Henan plain from 1980 to 2000 [J].Journal of Henan University(Natural Science Edition),2009,39(1):57-62.
[15] 郭莎莎,胡守庚,瞿诗进.长江中游地区多尺度耕地景观格局演变特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(7):1637-1646.GUO SH SH,HU SH G,QU SH J.Evolution characteristics of multi-scale cultivated land landscape pattern in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River [J].Resources and Environment of the Yangtze River Basin,2018,27(7):1637-1646.
[16] 马亚鑫,丛辉,周维博,等.西安市土地利用景观格局动态演变及驱动力分析[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(4):186-192.MA Y X,CONG H,ZHOU W B,etal.Dynamic evolution and driving force analysis of land use landscape pattern in Xi’an [J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(4):186-192.
[17] 叶红,张廷斌,易桂花,等.近15年郑州市土地利用景观格局分析[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2018,41(8):85-88.YE H,ZHANG T B,YI G H,etal.Analysis of landscape pattern of land use in Zhengzhou in recent 15 years [J].Mapping and Spatial Geographic Information,2008,41(8):85-88.
[18] 王彤,郭炎.城市扩张背景下武汉市景观格局时空特征的多尺度研究[J].城市建筑,2018(18):46-53.WANG T,GUO Y.Study on the spatial and temporal characteristics of Wuhan landscape pattern under the background of urban expansion [J].Urban Architecture,2018(18):46-53.
[19] 杨英宝,江南,苏伟忠,等.RS与GIS支持下的南京市景观格局动态变化研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2005(1):34-39.YANG Y B,JIAG N,SU W Z,et al.Landscape pattern dynamic change of Nanjing City supported by RS and GIS [J].Resources and Environment of Yangtze River Basin,2005(1):34-39.
[20] 范辰,刘影.2000～2011年南昌市景观格局变化分析[J].环境科学与技术,22014(8):175-178.FAN CH,LIU Y.Analysis of changes of landscape pattern in Nanchang from 2000 to 2011 [J].Environmental Science and Technology,2014(8):175-178.
[21] 崔步礼,李小雁,姜广辉,等.基于DEM的山地丘陵区土地利用/覆被研究——以青海湖流域为例[J].自然资源学报,2011(5):871-880.CUI B L,LI X Y,JING G H,et al.Study on land use/cover in mountain and hilly areas based on DEM:A case study of Qinghai Lake Basin [J].Journal of Natural Resources,2011(5):871-880.
[22] 李丹,刘丹丹,赵金祥.基于DEM的山区土地利用变化分析[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(1):66-70.LI D,LIU D D,ZHAO J X,Land use change analysis in mountainous areas based on DEM[J].Soil and Water Conservation Research,2014,21(1):66-70.
[23] 王常颖,张杰,辛红梅,等.基于景观格局的海岛开发潜在生态风险评价[J].生态学报,2008,28(6):2811-2817.WANG CH Y,ZHANG J,XIN H M,et al.Potential ecological risk assessment of island development based on landscape pattern [J].Journal of Ecology,2008,28(6):2811-2817.
[24] 田光进,张增祥,张国平,等.基于遥感与GIS的海口市景观格局动态演化[J].生态学报,2002,22(7):1028-1034.TIAN G J,ZHANG Z X,ZHANG G P,et al.Remote sensing and GIS based dynamic evolution of landscape pattern in Haikou [J].Acta Zoology Sinica,2002,22(7):1028-1034.
[25] 陈影,哈凯,贺文龙,等.冀西北间山盆地区景观格局变化及优化研究——以河北省怀来县为例[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(4):556-569.CHEN Y,HA K,HE W L,et al.Landscape pattern change and optimization in the northwestern Hebei Intermountain basin region:A case study of Huailai County,Hebei Province [J].Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(4):556-569.
[26] 马士彬,张勇荣,安裕伦.山区城市土地利用动态空间分布特征:以贵州省六盘水市为例[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(3):489-496.MA S B,ZHANG Y R,AN Y L.The spatial distribution characteristics of urban land use dynamics in mountain areas:a case study of Liupanshui City,Guizhou Province [J].Journal of Nural Resources,2012,27(3):489-496.
[27] 喻红,曾辉,江子派.快速城市化地区景观组分在地形梯度上的分布特征研究[J].地理科学,2001,21(1):64-69.YU H,ZENG H,JIANG Z P.Distribution characteristics of landscape components on topographic gradients in rapid urbanization areas[J].Geographical Sciences,2001,21(1):64-69.
[2] 曹珂.山地城市设计的地域适应性理论与方法[D].重庆大学,2016.CAO K.Theory and method of regional adaptability for mountain city design [D].Chongqing University,2016.
[3] 杨子生.山区城镇建设用地适宜性评价方法及应用——以云南省德宏州为例[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(1):64-76.YANG Z SH.Evaluation method and application of suitability for urban construction land in mountainous areas:A case study of Dehongzhou,Yunnan Province [J].Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(1):64-76.
[4] 谭少华,倪绍祥.20世纪以来土地利用研究综述[J].地域研究与开发,2006,25(5):84-89.TAN SH H .NI SH X.Review of land use research since the 20th century [J].Regional Research and Development,2006,25(5):84-89.
[5] 景贵和.土地生态评价与土地生态设计[J].地理学报,1986(1):1-7.JING G H.Land ecological assessment and land ecological design [J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1986(1):1-7.
[6] 谭少华,倪绍祥.20世纪以来土地利用研究综述[J].地域研究与开发,2006,25(5):84-89.TAN S H,NI S X.Review of land use research since the 20th century [J].Regional Research and Development,2006,25(5):84-89.
[7] 傅伯杰.景观生态学原理及应用.第2版[M].科学出版社,2011.FU B J.Principles and applications of landscape ecology.2nd edition [M].Science Press,2011.
[8] 张志明,罗亲普,王文礼,等.2D与3D景观指数测定山区植被景观格局变化对比分析[J].生态学报,2010,30(21):5886-5893.ZHANG ZH M,LUO Q P,WANG W L,et al.Comparative analysis of vegetation landscape pattern changes in mountain area by 2D and 3D landscape index [J].Acta Ecology,2010,30(21):5886-5893.
[9] 刘吉平,赵丹丹,田学智,等.1954～2010年三江平原土地利用景观格局动态变化及驱动力[J].生态学报,2014,34(12):3234-3244.Liu J P,ZHAO D D,TIAN X ZH,et al.Dynamic changes and driving forces of land use landscape pattern in Sanjiang plain from 1954 to 2010 [J].Journal of Ecology,2014,34(12):3234-3244.
[10] 侯美亭,毛任钊,李红军,等.华北平原城郊类型区土地利用及景观格局变化研究——以衡水市桃城区为例[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(5):58-60.HOU M T,MAO R ZH,LI H J,et al.Study on land use and landscape pattern change in suburban type area of north China plain:A case study of Taocheng district in Hengshui city [J].Soil and Water Conservation Research,2006,13(5):58-60.
[11] 彭文甫,周介铭,徐新良,等.基于景观生态安全格局的成都平原与龙门山脉过渡带土地资源开发利用[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(2):65-74.PENG W F,ZHOU J M,XU X L,et al.Development and utilization of land resources in Chengdu Plain and Longmen mountain transition zone based on landscape ecological security pattern [J].Water and Soil Conservation Report,2017,37(2):65-74.
[12] 王文丽.基于GIS的江汉平原湿地景观格局变化研究[D].华中师范大学,2012.WANG W L.Study on change of wetland landscape pattern in Jianghan Plain based on GIS [D].Central China Normal University,2012.
[13] 李晓华,任志远,周自翔.区域景观格局变化特征及人类影响因素分析——以陕西关中平原地区为例[J].西北大学学报:自然科学版,2005,35(5):633-636.LI X H,REN ZH Y,ZHOU Z X.Analysis of regional landscape pattern change characteristics and human influence factors:A case study of Guanzhong Plain in Shan’xi province [J].Journal of Northwest University:Natural Science Edition,2005,35(5):633-636.
[14] 田莉,丁圣彦.豫东平原1980～2000年农业景观生态系统格局动态[J].河南大学学报(自然科学版),2009,39(1):57-62.TIAN L,DING SH Y.Dynamics of agricultural landscape ecosystem pattern in east Henan plain from 1980 to 2000 [J].Journal of Henan University(Natural Science Edition),2009,39(1):57-62.
[15] 郭莎莎,胡守庚,瞿诗进.长江中游地区多尺度耕地景观格局演变特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(7):1637-1646.GUO SH SH,HU SH G,QU SH J.Evolution characteristics of multi-scale cultivated land landscape pattern in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River [J].Resources and Environment of the Yangtze River Basin,2018,27(7):1637-1646.
[16] 马亚鑫,丛辉,周维博,等.西安市土地利用景观格局动态演变及驱动力分析[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(4):186-192.MA Y X,CONG H,ZHOU W B,etal.Dynamic evolution and driving force analysis of land use landscape pattern in Xi’an [J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(4):186-192.
[17] 叶红,张廷斌,易桂花,等.近15年郑州市土地利用景观格局分析[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2018,41(8):85-88.YE H,ZHANG T B,YI G H,etal.Analysis of landscape pattern of land use in Zhengzhou in recent 15 years [J].Mapping and Spatial Geographic Information,2008,41(8):85-88.
[18] 王彤,郭炎.城市扩张背景下武汉市景观格局时空特征的多尺度研究[J].城市建筑,2018(18):46-53.WANG T,GUO Y.Study on the spatial and temporal characteristics of Wuhan landscape pattern under the background of urban expansion [J].Urban Architecture,2018(18):46-53.
[19] 杨英宝,江南,苏伟忠,等.RS与GIS支持下的南京市景观格局动态变化研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2005(1):34-39.YANG Y B,JIAG N,SU W Z,et al.Landscape pattern dynamic change of Nanjing City supported by RS and GIS [J].Resources and Environment of Yangtze River Basin,2005(1):34-39.
[20] 范辰,刘影.2000～2011年南昌市景观格局变化分析[J].环境科学与技术,22014(8):175-178.FAN CH,LIU Y.Analysis of changes of landscape pattern in Nanchang from 2000 to 2011 [J].Environmental Science and Technology,2014(8):175-178.
[21] 崔步礼,李小雁,姜广辉,等.基于DEM的山地丘陵区土地利用/覆被研究——以青海湖流域为例[J].自然资源学报,2011(5):871-880.CUI B L,LI X Y,JING G H,et al.Study on land use/cover in mountain and hilly areas based on DEM:A case study of Qinghai Lake Basin [J].Journal of Natural Resources,2011(5):871-880.
[22] 李丹,刘丹丹,赵金祥.基于DEM的山区土地利用变化分析[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(1):66-70.LI D,LIU D D,ZHAO J X,Land use change analysis in mountainous areas based on DEM[J].Soil and Water Conservation Research,2014,21(1):66-70.
[23] 王常颖,张杰,辛红梅,等.基于景观格局的海岛开发潜在生态风险评价[J].生态学报,2008,28(6):2811-2817.WANG CH Y,ZHANG J,XIN H M,et al.Potential ecological risk assessment of island development based on landscape pattern [J].Journal of Ecology,2008,28(6):2811-2817.
[24] 田光进,张增祥,张国平,等.基于遥感与GIS的海口市景观格局动态演化[J].生态学报,2002,22(7):1028-1034.TIAN G J,ZHANG Z X,ZHANG G P,et al.Remote sensing and GIS based dynamic evolution of landscape pattern in Haikou [J].Acta Zoology Sinica,2002,22(7):1028-1034.
[25] 陈影,哈凯,贺文龙,等.冀西北间山盆地区景观格局变化及优化研究——以河北省怀来县为例[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(4):556-569.CHEN Y,HA K,HE W L,et al.Landscape pattern change and optimization in the northwestern Hebei Intermountain basin region:A case study of Huailai County,Hebei Province [J].Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(4):556-569.
[26] 马士彬,张勇荣,安裕伦.山区城市土地利用动态空间分布特征:以贵州省六盘水市为例[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(3):489-496.MA S B,ZHANG Y R,AN Y L.The spatial distribution characteristics of urban land use dynamics in mountain areas:a case study of Liupanshui City,Guizhou Province [J].Journal of Nural Resources,2012,27(3):489-496.
[27] 喻红,曾辉,江子派.快速城市化地区景观组分在地形梯度上的分布特征研究[J].地理科学,2001,21(1):64-69.YU H,ZENG H,JIANG Z P.Distribution characteristics of landscape components on topographic gradients in rapid urbanization areas[J].Geographical Sciences,2001,21(1):64-69.