不同林龄杉木林乔木层的养分积累分配特征
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摘要
为弄清不同林龄杉木人工林的养分积累分配特征,为人工林丰产的经营管理提供科学依据。利用会同杉木林7、11、16、20和25年生时测定的林分乔木层生物量和杉木体内养分含量数据,对7、11、16、20和25年生不同林龄杉木林乔木层的养分积累分配特征进行研究。结果表明:N、P、K、Ca、Mg在同一林龄杉木各器官中的含量均为:树叶>枝>皮>根>干。不同林龄时,同一营养元素在相同器官的含量不一样。林分11年生以前,各器官养分含量随林龄增加而增加,11年生以后则随林龄增加而下降。积累在乔木层的各元素量多少排序是:N> Ca> K> Mg> P,各养分元素积累量随着林龄增加而增加。养分积累量在不同器官分配上:叶>枝>皮>干>根。各器官养分积累量随着林龄的增加而增加,其养分积累增加的速率,皮>干>根>枝>叶。各器官的养分积累量分配比例随林龄变化而变化。研究显示:不同林龄的林分乔木层养分积累和分配主要受不同林龄时生产量、不同器官的生产量和杉木体内养分含量控制,而且杉木生长规律和不同生育阶段对养分的需求也影响养分积累和分配过程。
It is necessary to identify the nutrient accumulation and distribution characteristics of artificial forests of different forest ages(Cunninghamia lanceolata) and provide scientific basis for the management of high yield artificial forests. The characteristics of nutrient accumulation and distribution in stands of Chinese fir at different ages of 7, 11, 16, 20 and 25 years were studied by using the biomass and nutrient content data of stands at 7, 11, 16, 20 and 25 years. The results showed that at the same forest age, the concentration of N,P, K, Ca and Mg in each organ of Chinese fir was leaf > branch > skin > root and > stem. The contents of the same nutrient elements in the same organs were different at different ages. Before the stand was 11 years old, the nutrient content of each organ increased with the age of the forest, and decreased with the age of the forest after 11 years old. The order of the amount of each element accumulated in the tree layer is: N > Ca > K > Mg > P. The amount of each nutrient element accumulated increases with the age of the forest..Nutrient accumulation was distributed in different organs: leaf > branch > skin > stem > root. The nutrient accumulation of each organ increased with the age of the forest, and the rate of nutrient accumulation was skin > stem > root > branch > leaf. The nutrient accumulation and distribution proportion of each organ varied with the age of forest. The results showed that the nutrient accumulation and distribution of stand layer of different age were mainly controlled by the yield of different age, the yield of different organs and the nutrient concentration in Chinese fir, and the growth law of Chinese fir and the nutrient demand of different growth stages also affected the nutrient accumulation and distribution process.
It is necessary to identify the nutrient accumulation and distribution characteristics of artificial forests of different forest ages(Cunninghamia lanceolata) and provide scientific basis for the management of high yield artificial forests. The characteristics of nutrient accumulation and distribution in stands of Chinese fir at different ages of 7, 11, 16, 20 and 25 years were studied by using the biomass and nutrient content data of stands at 7, 11, 16, 20 and 25 years. The results showed that at the same forest age, the concentration of N,P, K, Ca and Mg in each organ of Chinese fir was leaf > branch > skin > root and > stem. The contents of the same nutrient elements in the same organs were different at different ages. Before the stand was 11 years old, the nutrient content of each organ increased with the age of the forest, and decreased with the age of the forest after 11 years old. The order of the amount of each element accumulated in the tree layer is: N > Ca > K > Mg > P. The amount of each nutrient element accumulated increases with the age of the forest..Nutrient accumulation was distributed in different organs: leaf > branch > skin > stem > root. The nutrient accumulation of each organ increased with the age of the forest, and the rate of nutrient accumulation was skin > stem > root > branch > leaf. The nutrient accumulation and distribution proportion of each organ varied with the age of forest. The results showed that the nutrient accumulation and distribution of stand layer of different age were mainly controlled by the yield of different age, the yield of different organs and the nutrient concentration in Chinese fir, and the growth law of Chinese fir and the nutrient demand of different growth stages also affected the nutrient accumulation and distribution process.
引文
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[37]刘爱琴,范少辉,林开敏,等.不同栽植代数杉木林养分循环的比较研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(2):273-278.
[38]QU G H,WEN M Z,GUO J X.Energy accumulation and allocation of main plant populations in Aneurolepidium chinense grassland in Songnen Plain.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2003,14(5):685-689.
[39]MILLER H G.Carbon×nutrient interaction the limitations to productivity[J].Tree Physiology,1986,2(1-3):373-385.
[40]高楠,肖祥希,王丽琴,等.油杉人工林生态系统养分分配格局[J].广西林业科学,2015,44(4):352-357.
[41]李跃林,李志辉,谢耀坚.巨尾按人工林养分循环研究[J].生态学报,2001,21(10):1734-1740.
[42]项文化,田大伦.不同年龄阶段马尾松人工林养分循环的研究[J].植物生态学报,2002,26(1):89-95.
[43]杨会侠,汪思龙,范冰,等.马尾松人工林发育过程中的养分动态[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(8):1907-1914.
[44]王秀荣,丁贵杰,谢毅,等.麻疯树不同器官的营养分布特征[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2012,32(4):26-31.
[2]BROWN S L,SCHROEDER P E.Spatial Patterns of Aboveground Production and Mortality of Woody Biomass for Eastern U.S.Forests[J].Ecological Applications,1999,9(31):968-980.
[3]樊后保,李燕燕,刘文飞,等.连续年龄序列巨尾按人工林养分循环[J].应用与环境生报,2012,18(6):897-903.
[4]BERGER T W,INSESBACHER E,MUTSCH F,et al.Nutrient cycling and soil leaching in eighteen pure and mixed stands of beechand spruce[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2009,258:2578-2592.
[5]杨明,汪思龙,张伟东,等.杉木人工林生物量与养分积累动态[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(7):1674-1680.
[6]TURNER J,LAMBERT M J.Nutrient cycling in age sequences of two Eucalyptus plantation species[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2008,255:1701-1712.
[7]SIMUNEKA J,HOPMANSB J W Modeling compensated root water and nutrient uptake[J].Modelling,2009,220:505-521.
[8]MAHENDRAPPA M K,KRAUSE H H.Nutrient Cycling and Availability in Forest Soils[J].Canadina Journal of Soil Science,1986,66(4):548-549.
[9]TILMAN D.WEDIN D.Plant traits and resource reduction for five grasses growing on a nitrogen gradient[J].Ecology;1991(72):685-700.
[10]KILLINGBECK K T.The terminological jungle revisited:making a case for use of the term resorption[J].Oikos,1986(46):263-264.
[11]HUANG J J,WANG X H.Leaf nutrient concentration,nutrient resorption and litter decomposition in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in eastern China[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2007(239):150-158.
[12]HOSSEINI S M,Rouhi-MOGHADDAM E,EBRAHIMI E.Comparison of growth,nutrition and soil properties of pure stands of Quercus castaneifolia and mixed with Zelkova carpinifolia in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2008,(240):126-148.
[13]潘维俦,田大伦,李利村,等.杉木人工林养分循环的研究-(一)不同生育阶段杉木林产量结构和养分动态[J].中南林学院学报,1981,1(1):1-21.
[14]冯宗炜,陈楚莹,王开平,等.亚热带杉木纯林生态系统中营养元素的积累、分配和循环的研究[J].植物生态学报,1985,9(4):245-263.
[15]俞月凤,何铁光,彭晚霞,等.喀斯特峰丛洼地不同类型森林养分循环特征[J].生态学报,2015,35(24):7531-7542.
[16]皮发剑.黔中喀斯特森林生态化学计量特征与氮磷循环研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2017.
[17]庞圣江,杨保国,刘士玲,等.桂西北喀斯特山区4种森林表土土壤有机碳含量及其养分分布特征[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(4):60-64,71.
[18]葦舒.天童常绿廟叶林6个优势种叶调落量及养分特征研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2016.
[19]李艳琼.湘西南石漠化灌丛生物量及养分循环[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2016.
[20]何斌,黄恒川,黄承标,等.秃杉人工林营养元素含量、积累与分配特征的研究[J].自然资源学报,2008,28(5):903-910.
[21]张希彪,上官周平.黄土丘陵区油松人工林与天然林养分分布和生物循环较[J].生态学报,2006,26(2):373-382.
[22]宋君,王伯荪,彭少麟,等.南亚热带常绿阔叶林粘木种群营养元素的分布与循环(英文)[J].生态学报,1999,19(2):81-93.
[23]莫江明,张德强,黄忠良,等.鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林植物营养元素含量分配格局研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2000,15(3):198-206.
[24]杨俊松.桂西北光皮桦人工林生物生产力、养分特性和水源涵养功能研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2016.
[25]庄志东,陈奇伯,赵洋毅,等.滇中高原磨盘山常绿阔叶林营养元素分配格局[J].东北林业大学学报,2013,44(3),26-32.
[26]纪文婧,程小琴,韩海荣,等.不同林龄华北落叶松人工林生物量及营养元素分布特征[J].应用与环境生物学报,2016,22(6):277-284.
[27]佟志龙,陈奇伯,王艳霞,等.不同林龄云南松林营养元素积累与分配特征研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2014,42(6):100-114.
[28]林业部科技司编.森林生态系统定位研究方法[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1994.
[29]田大伦,朱凡.不同林龄两代杉木人工林生物量积累特征研究[J].广西林业科学,2011,40(2):81-84.
[30]ENQUIST B J,WEST G B,CHARNOV E L,et al.Allometric scaling of production and life history variation in plants[J].Nature,1999,(401):907-911.
[31]ENQUIST B J,NIKLAS K J.Invariant scaling relations across tree-dominated communities[J].Nature,2001,(410):655-663.
[32]黄志宏,田大伦,康文星,等.湖南会同第1代杉木人工林生物量分配动态[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2011,31(5):37-43.
[33]周丽丽.不同发育阶段杉木人工林养分内循环与周转利用效率的研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2014.
[34]温肇穆,梁宏温,黎跃.杉木成熟林乔木层营养元素生物循环的研究[J].植物生态学与地植物学学报,1991,15(1):36-45.
[35]刘桌明.杉木针叶养分含量动态及其内吸收率研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2014.
[36]马祥庆,刘爱琴,马壮,等.不同代数杉木林养分积累和分布的比较研究[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(3):501-506.
[37]刘爱琴,范少辉,林开敏,等.不同栽植代数杉木林养分循环的比较研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(2):273-278.
[38]QU G H,WEN M Z,GUO J X.Energy accumulation and allocation of main plant populations in Aneurolepidium chinense grassland in Songnen Plain.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2003,14(5):685-689.
[39]MILLER H G.Carbon×nutrient interaction the limitations to productivity[J].Tree Physiology,1986,2(1-3):373-385.
[40]高楠,肖祥希,王丽琴,等.油杉人工林生态系统养分分配格局[J].广西林业科学,2015,44(4):352-357.
[41]李跃林,李志辉,谢耀坚.巨尾按人工林养分循环研究[J].生态学报,2001,21(10):1734-1740.
[42]项文化,田大伦.不同年龄阶段马尾松人工林养分循环的研究[J].植物生态学报,2002,26(1):89-95.
[43]杨会侠,汪思龙,范冰,等.马尾松人工林发育过程中的养分动态[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(8):1907-1914.
[44]王秀荣,丁贵杰,谢毅,等.麻疯树不同器官的营养分布特征[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2012,32(4):26-31.