晋北盐碱地杨树无性系水分生理特性研究
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摘要
在晋北风沙区自然环境下,以8个金科系列(JK)无性系为材料,在气候和土壤干旱的7月对其生长指标、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率及小枝水势日变化进行了研究,并采用模糊数学隶属函数法对其水分适应性进行了评价。结果表明,8个无性系的树高和材积差异极显著(P<0.01);其蒸腾速率和水势日变化基本呈倒"V"型和"V"型;8个无性系中,无性系JK-8#,JK-6#,JK-12#的蒸腾速率和清晨水势日均值最低,水分利用效率日均值最高;8个无性系对晋北风沙区的水分适应性顺序为:JK-12#>JK-11#>JK-8#>JK-6#>JK-3#>JK-9#>JK-7#>JK-10#。
In the saline-alkaline land of northern Shanxi, the growth characteristics and diurnal variation of eco-physiological parameters induding transpiration rate, water use efficiency and water potential of eight hybrid poplar clones for Jinke(JK)were measured in July under the natural environment. In addition, the ecological adaptability was evaluated by the fuzzy subordination method. The results showed that there were extremely significant difference in the tree height and stem volume of 8 clones(P<0.01), but no significant difference in diameter at breast height. A backward V-type and V-type curve were exhibited for the diurnal variation of transpiration rate and the water potential for 8 clones, respectively. But the difference existed in the minimum value and its occurrence time for this curve. No significant correlation was found between them. The lowest values of transpiration rate and predawn water potential, and the highest value of water use efficiency were found in clone JK-8#,JK-6#,JK-12#. The order of the water adaptation to the natural environment in the windy desert regions for 8 clones was as follows: JK-12#>JK-11#>JK-8#>JK-6#>JK-3#>JK-9#>JK-7#>JK-10#.
In the saline-alkaline land of northern Shanxi, the growth characteristics and diurnal variation of eco-physiological parameters induding transpiration rate, water use efficiency and water potential of eight hybrid poplar clones for Jinke(JK)were measured in July under the natural environment. In addition, the ecological adaptability was evaluated by the fuzzy subordination method. The results showed that there were extremely significant difference in the tree height and stem volume of 8 clones(P<0.01), but no significant difference in diameter at breast height. A backward V-type and V-type curve were exhibited for the diurnal variation of transpiration rate and the water potential for 8 clones, respectively. But the difference existed in the minimum value and its occurrence time for this curve. No significant correlation was found between them. The lowest values of transpiration rate and predawn water potential, and the highest value of water use efficiency were found in clone JK-8#,JK-6#,JK-12#. The order of the water adaptation to the natural environment in the windy desert regions for 8 clones was as follows: JK-12#>JK-11#>JK-8#>JK-6#>JK-3#>JK-9#>JK-7#>JK-10#.
引文
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[15]麻德业,汪清锐,李丕全.半干旱地区杨树新品种选育初报[J].山西农业大学学报,2003,23(4):380-382.
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[2]Munns R.Comparative physiology of salt and water stress[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,2002,25(2):239-250.
[3]庄丽,陈亚宁,李卫红,等.渗透胁迫条件下植物茎叶水势的变化:以塔里木河下游胡杨为例[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(6):1002-1008.
[4]冯伟,孟和,杨文斌,等.小叶杨与胡杨杂交种(小×胡)幼苗抗旱性初步研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014(7):166-170.
[5]李敏,马金龙.盐胁迫及干旱胁迫对三种杨树脯氨酸含量的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2013(1):105-107.
[6]Chen W,Feng C,Guo W,et al.Comparative effects of osmotic-,salt-and alkali stress on growth,photosynthesis,and osmotic adjustment of cotton plants[J].Photosynthetica,2011,49(3):417-425.
[7]王孟本,李洪建.黄土高原人工林水分生态研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1997.
[8]闫永庆,王文杰,朱虹,等.3种杂交杨在不同盐碱地上的生长和生理适应性研究[J].植物研究,2009(4):433-438.
[9]杨逢建,刘维,李德文,等.重度盐碱地营造杨树人工林土壤改良效果[J].植物研究,2012(3):339-342.
[10]宋耀选,周茂先,张小由,等.额济纳绿洲主要植物的水势与环境因子的关系[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(4):496-499.
[11]司建华,冯起,张小由.极端干旱区胡杨水势及影响因子研究[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(4):505-510.
[12]李小琴,张小由,刘晓晴.额济纳绿洲河岸胡杨(Populus euphjratica)叶水势变化特征[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(3):712-717.
[13]Sobrado M A,Turner N C.A comparison of the water relations characteristics of Helianthus annuus and Helianthus petiolaris when subjected to water deficits[J].Oecologia,1983,58(3):309-313.
[14]黄明斌,邵明安.不同有效土壤水势下植物叶水势与蒸腾速率的关系[J].水利学报,1996(3):1-6.
[15]麻德业,汪清锐,李丕全.半干旱地区杨树新品种选育初报[J].山西农业大学学报,2003,23(4):380-382.
[16]狄晓艳,王孟本,陈建文,等.杨树无性系PV曲线水分参数的研究[J].西北植物学报,2007(1):98-103.