由至微而体至尊:汉初后妃的人生轨迹管窥——以《史记》为视角
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摘要
《史记》中通过对史料的精心选择,叙述巧妙的安排,展现一幅幅精彩的人物画廊,其中在女性形象的塑造上尤为突出。《史记·外戚世家》和《史记·吕太后本纪》集中记载了汉初后妃传奇的人生经历,几位后妃虽性格迥异,却从微贱的出身一步步走向无上尊荣的"后"位,极富传奇色彩。司马迁对后妃们的传奇命运归结于"天幸",但人物命运偶然性岂非天命论所能一一解释,除却主观的争取,更多的是当时社会经济、政治、思想等因素共同作用的结果。
In Historical Records,through the careful selection of historical materials,the ingenious arrangement of narratives shows a wonderful gallery of characters,especially in the shaping of female images. In Relatives and Families in Historical Records and Empress Dowager Lv in Historical Records,the life experiences and legends of the concubines in the early Han Dynasty are recorded in a concentrated way. It is very legendary about the several concubines who had the humble birth but moved towards the top position with the supreme honor. Sima Qian's legendary fate to them is attributed to their determined fate,but this cannot be explained by the theory of destiny. Except for the subjective struggle,it is more the result of the combination of socio-economic,political,and ideological factors.
In Historical Records,through the careful selection of historical materials,the ingenious arrangement of narratives shows a wonderful gallery of characters,especially in the shaping of female images. In Relatives and Families in Historical Records and Empress Dowager Lv in Historical Records,the life experiences and legends of the concubines in the early Han Dynasty are recorded in a concentrated way. It is very legendary about the several concubines who had the humble birth but moved towards the top position with the supreme honor. Sima Qian's legendary fate to them is attributed to their determined fate,but this cannot be explained by the theory of destiny. Except for the subjective struggle,it is more the result of the combination of socio-economic,political,and ideological factors.
引文
[1]赵翼.廿二史札记[M].曹光甫,校.南京:凤凰出版社,2008.
[2]司马迁.史记[M].北京:中华书局,2006.
[3]司马贞.史记索引[M].李晓光,李波,编.北京:中国广播电视出版社,2001.
[4]韩兆琦.史记[M].北京:中华书局,2010.
[5]蒋葵.《史记》中的偶然与必然[J].淮北职业技术学院学报,2014(4):56-57.
[6]班固.汉书[M].北京:中华书局,2007.
[7]郭茂倩.乐府诗集[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1998.
[8]马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯全集:第八卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1965.
[9]秦学颀.西汉外戚何以出身微贱[J].西南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1993(1):111-115.
[10]黄国鼎.氾胜之书辑释[M].北京:中华书局,1957.
[11]范晔.后汉书[M].北京:中华书局,2007.
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[13]吴慧.中国历代粮食亩产研究[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2016.
[14]方向东.新书[M].北京:中华书局,2012.
[15]董仲舒.春秋繁露[M].北京:中华书局,2011.
[16]蒋波,冯艳秋.论吕后与吕家的关系及影响[J].渭南师范学院学报,2018(13):62-67.
[2]司马迁.史记[M].北京:中华书局,2006.
[3]司马贞.史记索引[M].李晓光,李波,编.北京:中国广播电视出版社,2001.
[4]韩兆琦.史记[M].北京:中华书局,2010.
[5]蒋葵.《史记》中的偶然与必然[J].淮北职业技术学院学报,2014(4):56-57.
[6]班固.汉书[M].北京:中华书局,2007.
[7]郭茂倩.乐府诗集[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1998.
[8]马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯全集:第八卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1965.
[9]秦学颀.西汉外戚何以出身微贱[J].西南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1993(1):111-115.
[10]黄国鼎.氾胜之书辑释[M].北京:中华书局,1957.
[11]范晔.后汉书[M].北京:中华书局,2007.
[12]宁可.汉代农业生产漫谈[N].光明日报,1979-04-10(4).
[13]吴慧.中国历代粮食亩产研究[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2016.
[14]方向东.新书[M].北京:中华书局,2012.
[15]董仲舒.春秋繁露[M].北京:中华书局,2011.
[16]蒋波,冯艳秋.论吕后与吕家的关系及影响[J].渭南师范学院学报,2018(13):62-67.