青海地区不同改良剂处理下牛粪氨气排放及氮素动态研究
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摘要
采用室内模拟实验,以牛粪和牛尿(0.68:0.32)为原料,研究了1.9%三氯化铁、4.0%明矾和2.0%过磷酸钙处理对牛粪中氨挥发速率、氨挥发累计损失量、铵态氮、硝态氮和pH的影响,分析了不同处理牛粪pH、铵态氮和硝态氮含量与氨气挥发之间的相关性。结果表明:对照组CK的氨挥发速率在第3 d第1次到达峰值,过磷酸钙和明矾处理第1次氨挥发速率峰值出现时间延迟至第4 d,三氯化铁处理的第1次氨挥发速率峰值延迟至第6 d出现。与对照组CK相比,三氯化铁处理的氨挥发速率最高峰值降低了25.6%,明矾处理降低了10.9%,过磷酸钙处理则增加了4.9%, 27 d后三氯化铁处理的氨挥发损失量最低,而且不同改良剂处理下的氨挥发都与空白对照有显著降低。牛粪的的氨挥发速率与铵态氮浓度呈负相关,与硝态氮浓度、pH呈正相关。三氯化铁可作为一种优良的化学改良剂施加在牛粪中,以达到氨气减排的目的,而过磷酸钙的作用并不明显,有待进一步的研究。
With a simulated laboratory experiment, using cattle manure as a raw material, we researched the effect of different ameliorant treatment including 1.9% ferric trichloride, 4.0% alums and 2.0% calcium superphpsphate on ammonia volatilization rate, ammonia volatilization average losses, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and pH value of cattle manure. The correlation among pH value, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and ammonia volatilization of cattle manure treated with different ameliorant was analyzed. The result demonstrated that the ammonia emission rate of control group reached a peak for the first time on the third day, the ammonia emission rate of calcium superphpsphate treatment and alums treatment reached a peak for the first time on the fourth day, and the ammonia emission rate of ferric trichloride treatment reached a peak for the first time on the sixth day. Under the treatment of ferric trichloride and alums, the peak-peak value of ammonia volatilization decreased by 25.6% and 10.9%, compared with control group, but the peak-peak value of ammonia volatilization increased by 4.9% under the calcium superphpsphate treatment, respectively. Moreover, under the treatment of ferric trichloride, the ammonia volatilization losses were the lowest after 27 days. The ammonia volatilization rate had a negative correlation with ammonium nitrogen concentration, and had a positive correlation with nitrate nitrogen and pH value. The conclusion can be drawn that ferric trichloride is an excellent chemical ameliorant that can be applied to cattle manure, with reducing the ammonia emission. But calcium superphpsphate has no significant impact on ammonia emission,which needs to be studied further.
With a simulated laboratory experiment, using cattle manure as a raw material, we researched the effect of different ameliorant treatment including 1.9% ferric trichloride, 4.0% alums and 2.0% calcium superphpsphate on ammonia volatilization rate, ammonia volatilization average losses, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and pH value of cattle manure. The correlation among pH value, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and ammonia volatilization of cattle manure treated with different ameliorant was analyzed. The result demonstrated that the ammonia emission rate of control group reached a peak for the first time on the third day, the ammonia emission rate of calcium superphpsphate treatment and alums treatment reached a peak for the first time on the fourth day, and the ammonia emission rate of ferric trichloride treatment reached a peak for the first time on the sixth day. Under the treatment of ferric trichloride and alums, the peak-peak value of ammonia volatilization decreased by 25.6% and 10.9%, compared with control group, but the peak-peak value of ammonia volatilization increased by 4.9% under the calcium superphpsphate treatment, respectively. Moreover, under the treatment of ferric trichloride, the ammonia volatilization losses were the lowest after 27 days. The ammonia volatilization rate had a negative correlation with ammonium nitrogen concentration, and had a positive correlation with nitrate nitrogen and pH value. The conclusion can be drawn that ferric trichloride is an excellent chemical ameliorant that can be applied to cattle manure, with reducing the ammonia emission. But calcium superphpsphate has no significant impact on ammonia emission,which needs to be studied further.
引文
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[15]林小凤,李国学,任丽梅,等.氯化铁和过磷酸钙控制堆肥氮素损失的效果研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(4):1662-1666.
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[18]吕丹丹,种云霄,吴启堂,等.过磷酸钙对氨气的吸附解吸特性研究[J].环境科学报,2011,31(11):2506-2510.
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[20]HARTUNG J,PHILLIPS V R.Control of gaseous emissions from livestock buildings and manure stores[J].Journal Agricultural Engineering Research,1994,57(3):173-189.
[2]李清伟,吕炳南,王玉波.鸡粪好氧堆肥研究进展[J].农机化研究,2008(9):231-233.
[3]MARTINS O,DEWES T.Loss of nitrogenous compounds during composting of animal wastes[J].Bioresource Technology,1992,42(2):103-111.
[4]付晓政,史彬琳,李倜宇,等.EM制剂对牛粪中氨气释放及微生物含量的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2014,35(1):71-73.
[5]SOMMER S G,PEDERSEN S O,SOGAARD H T.Greenhouse gas emissions from stored livestock slurry[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2000,29(3):744-751.
[6]DE VRIES J W,GROENESTEIN C M,DE BOER I J M.Environmental consequences of processing manure to produce mineral fertilizer and bio-energy[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2012,102:173-183.
[7]边明琴.关于青海省畜牧业发展概况的讨论[J].中兽医学杂志,2015,(9):164.
[8]NDEGWA P M,HRISTOV A N,AROGO J,et al.A review of ammonia emission mitigation techniques for concentrated animal feeding operations[J].Biosystems Engineering,2008,100(4):453-469.
[9]林小凤,李国学,任丽梅,等.氯化铁和过磷酸钙控制堆肥氮素损失的效果研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(4):1662-1666.
[10]KITHOME M,PAUL J W,BOMKE A A.Reducing Nitrogen Losses during Simulated Composting of Poultry Manure using Adsorbents or Chemical Amendments[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1999,28(1):194-201.
[11]熊建军,刘淑英,邹国元,等.高温堆肥过程中除臭保氮技术研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(1):444-448.
[12]钱承梁,鲁如坤.农田养分再循环研究--防止粪肥氨挥发的研究[J].土壤,1996,26(1):8-13.
[13]王朝辉,刘学军,巨晓棠,等.田间土壤氨挥发的原位测定--通气法.植物营养与肥料学报[J].2002,8(2):205-209.
[14]董怡华,张玉革,孙树林,等.不同尿素配施处理下土壤氨挥发特性[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(11):2943-2949.
[15]林小凤,李国学,任丽梅,等.氯化铁和过磷酸钙控制堆肥氮素损失的效果研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(4):1662-1666.
[16]翁俊基.过磷酸钙在猪粪堆肥过程中的保氮效果研究[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(8):4528-4529.
[17]罗一鸣,李国学,FRANK S,等.过磷酸钙添加剂对猪粪堆肥温室气体和氨气减排的作用[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(22):235-242.
[18]吕丹丹,种云霄,吴启堂,等.过磷酸钙对氨气的吸附解吸特性研究[J].环境科学报,2011,31(11):2506-2510.
[19]李翠英.土壤与肥料的酸碱性[J].2008,科学种养,3(11):63.
[20]HARTUNG J,PHILLIPS V R.Control of gaseous emissions from livestock buildings and manure stores[J].Journal Agricultural Engineering Research,1994,57(3):173-189.