铁皮石斛栽培基质及有机液肥的创制应用
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摘要
为实现铁皮石斛的高效设施栽培,通过在温室内采用花岗岩碎石、紫色砂岩碎石、松树皮、松树锯末配制成4种不同的栽培基质,设清水、无机复合液肥、有机液肥3种不同营养液,共8个处理进行栽培试验,研究不同基质和营养液对铁皮石斛生长的影响。结果表明,表层、中层、底层分别以松树锯末和松树皮各50%体积比的混合物4 cm、紫色砂岩碎石4 cm、松树锯末和松树皮各50%体积比的混合物2 cm的基质配置,既透气又保湿,有利于铁皮石斛生长,其长势好、产量高。适当浓度的有机液肥喷施显著提高铁皮石斛的产量。该研究可为铁皮石斛的高效设施栽培提供参考。
The paper aims to achieve efficient facility cultivation of Dendrobium officinale. We designed eight treatments of cultivation in greenhouse with four kinds of cultivation mediums(including granite rubble, purple sandstone gravel, pine bark, pine dust) and three kinds of nutrients(including rinsing, inorganic compound liquid fertilizer, organic liquid fertilizer), to research the effect of different mediums and nutrients on D.officinale growth. The results indicated that the best formula of cultivation medium was surface layer with 4 cm mixture of pine dust and pine bark(1:1, v/v), middle layer with 4 cm purple sandstone gravel, and basement with 2 cm mixture of pine dust and pine bark(1:1, v/v). This cultivation medium formula was ventilated and moisturized, which was good for D. officinale growth and high yield. Meanwhile, to spray suitable concentration of organic liquid fertilizer could significant increase the yield of D. officinale. These results can provide a theoretical basis for achieving high quality and quantity in facility cultivation of D. officinale.
The paper aims to achieve efficient facility cultivation of Dendrobium officinale. We designed eight treatments of cultivation in greenhouse with four kinds of cultivation mediums(including granite rubble, purple sandstone gravel, pine bark, pine dust) and three kinds of nutrients(including rinsing, inorganic compound liquid fertilizer, organic liquid fertilizer), to research the effect of different mediums and nutrients on D.officinale growth. The results indicated that the best formula of cultivation medium was surface layer with 4 cm mixture of pine dust and pine bark(1:1, v/v), middle layer with 4 cm purple sandstone gravel, and basement with 2 cm mixture of pine dust and pine bark(1:1, v/v). This cultivation medium formula was ventilated and moisturized, which was good for D. officinale growth and high yield. Meanwhile, to spray suitable concentration of organic liquid fertilizer could significant increase the yield of D. officinale. These results can provide a theoretical basis for achieving high quality and quantity in facility cultivation of D. officinale.
引文
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[18]康专苗,王晓敏,周玉飞等.不同肥料对铁皮石斛生长的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2017(11):109-110.
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[20]林戈凯,朱玉球,斯金平,等.栽培环境对铁皮石斛生长与代谢成分的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2017,10:138-142.
[21]钟均宏,林秀莲,杨自轩,周颖军.广东铁皮石斛产业发展现状及对策[J].农学学报,2014,(8):110-111.
[22]黄燕翔,黄颖颖.有机肥棚槽式静态发酵装置[P].中国专利,201420362335.3,2014-11-26.
[23]林标声,何玉琴,黄燕翔,等.猪场厌氧发酵沼液复合菌群的筛选及静态试验效果研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2015,46(1):74-78.
[24]黄艳宁,彭斯文,谢进,等.铁皮石斛组培苗驯化技术研究[J].湖南农业科学,2015(9):66-71.
[25]谢静,许环映,吴建涛,等.栽培基质对铁皮石斛生长的影响[J].热带作物学报,2017(1):28-32.
[26]崔之益,肖玉,杨曾奖,等.铁皮石斛种植技术体系[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(3):878-884.
[27]张之鹏,易彬,罗火林,等.不同营养液对铁皮石斛生长及多糖含量的影响[J].南昌大学学报:理科版,2016(1):88-92.
[2]国家环境保护局,中国科学院植物研究所.中国珍稀濒危保护植物名录[M].北京:科学出版社,1987,7:25-30.
[3]胡永亮,李泽生,赵云翔,等.齿瓣石斛仿野生栽培技术研究[J].湖南农业科学,2013,43(2):38-40.
[4]柳连芳.铁皮石斛的最新研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(11):6426-6430.
[5]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典(一部)[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015:282-283.
[6]龚庆芳,周浩,王新桂,等.不同产地铁皮石斛的品质比较研究[J].北方园艺,2013(8):162-165.
[7]李光,路娟,陈曦.铁皮石斛产业发展存在的问题与对策[J].中国中药杂志,2013,38(4):469-471.
[8]宋顺,许奕,李敬阳,等.铁皮石斛的组织培养与快速繁殖研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(33):286-290.
[9]陈庆飞.基质添加生物炭对铁皮石斛生长及品质的影响[D].金华:浙江师范大学,2015.
[10]杨明志.石斛养生[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,2011:8-20.
[11]杨明志,顺庆生.中国药用石斛标准研究与应用[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,2012:3-15.
[12] Ferreira W M, Suzuki R M, Pescador R, et al. Propagation, growth,and Secondin carbohydrates of Dendrobium Love(Orchidaceae)vitro as affected by sucrose, light, and dark[J]. In vitro cellular&developmental biology-plant,2011(47):420-427.
[13]谢静,许环映,吴建涛,等.栽培基质对铁皮石斛生长的影响[J].热带作物学报,2017(1):28-32.
[14]刘洪见,肖三哲,郑坚,等.铁皮石斛栽培基质的筛选[J].浙江农业科学,2015,56(11):1829-1830.
[15]斯金平,陈梓云,刘京晶,等.铁皮石斛悬崖附生栽培技术研究[J].中国中药杂志,2015,40(12):2289-2292.
[16]林榕华.铁皮石斛设施栽培技术初探[J].安徽农学通报,2017(13):124-125.
[17]曹汉才,莫俊杰,梁钾贤,等.有机肥料对大棚种植铁皮石斛生长的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(14):177-178,199.
[18]康专苗,王晓敏,周玉飞等.不同肥料对铁皮石斛生长的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2017(11):109-110.
[19]斯金平,俞巧仙,宋仙水,等.铁皮石斛人工栽培模式[J].中国中药杂志,2013,38(4):481-484.
[20]林戈凯,朱玉球,斯金平,等.栽培环境对铁皮石斛生长与代谢成分的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2017,10:138-142.
[21]钟均宏,林秀莲,杨自轩,周颖军.广东铁皮石斛产业发展现状及对策[J].农学学报,2014,(8):110-111.
[22]黄燕翔,黄颖颖.有机肥棚槽式静态发酵装置[P].中国专利,201420362335.3,2014-11-26.
[23]林标声,何玉琴,黄燕翔,等.猪场厌氧发酵沼液复合菌群的筛选及静态试验效果研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2015,46(1):74-78.
[24]黄艳宁,彭斯文,谢进,等.铁皮石斛组培苗驯化技术研究[J].湖南农业科学,2015(9):66-71.
[25]谢静,许环映,吴建涛,等.栽培基质对铁皮石斛生长的影响[J].热带作物学报,2017(1):28-32.
[26]崔之益,肖玉,杨曾奖,等.铁皮石斛种植技术体系[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(3):878-884.
[27]张之鹏,易彬,罗火林,等.不同营养液对铁皮石斛生长及多糖含量的影响[J].南昌大学学报:理科版,2016(1):88-92.