新乡黄河湿地乌鸫的繁殖生态研究
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摘要
1996年乌鸫开始栖息于新乡地区,成为当地留鸟,但其繁殖状况并不清楚.为了弄清该地区乌鸫的繁殖生态,2017年3～7月,采用定位观察法,对新乡黄河湿地鸟类国家级自然保护区乌鸫的繁殖生态及巢址选择进行了详细研究,结果表明:新乡乌鸫3月初进入发情期,3月中旬可见到乌鸫配对,具有明显的占区行为.3月下旬开始营巢,营巢任务由雌鸟承担,营巢需时4～10d.最早产卵是3月28日,最晚产卵是5月16日,窝卵数为(5.09±0.70)(n=11)枚,产卵期为一周.卵长径(31.16±2.06)mm,卵短径(23.11±0.68)mm,卵质量(6.73±0.85)g.孵化期为13～14d,由雌鸟承担,孵化率为85.71%.育雏期为13～15d,成活率为54.17%.
Turdus merula began to inhabit in Xinxiang and became the resident bird in 1996.But its reproduction status is not yet known.In order to clarify the breeding ecology in this region,the method of localization observation were adopted to research breeding ecology and nest-site selection of T.merulain the Wetland Birds National Nature Reserve of Yellow River in Xinxiang from March to July,2017.The results revealed that T.merulaentered estrus period in early March and paired in midMarch,with obviously occupied area behavior.The task of nesting was undertaken by the females in late March,which lasted for 4-10 days.The earliest spawning behavior occurred in March 28,and the latest occurred in May 16.The spawning period sustained for one week,with the clutch size of(5.09±0.70)(n=11).The egg length,egg width and egg weight were(31.16±2.06)mm,(23.11±0.68)mm,and(6.73±0.85)g respectively.Furthermore,the incubating duty was assumed by females with aperiod of 13-14 days,while the hatching rate was 85.71%.The brooding period was usually 13-15 days,and the survival rate reached 54.17%.
Turdus merula began to inhabit in Xinxiang and became the resident bird in 1996.But its reproduction status is not yet known.In order to clarify the breeding ecology in this region,the method of localization observation were adopted to research breeding ecology and nest-site selection of T.merulain the Wetland Birds National Nature Reserve of Yellow River in Xinxiang from March to July,2017.The results revealed that T.merulaentered estrus period in early March and paired in midMarch,with obviously occupied area behavior.The task of nesting was undertaken by the females in late March,which lasted for 4-10 days.The earliest spawning behavior occurred in March 28,and the latest occurred in May 16.The spawning period sustained for one week,with the clutch size of(5.09±0.70)(n=11).The egg length,egg width and egg weight were(31.16±2.06)mm,(23.11±0.68)mm,and(6.73±0.85)g respectively.Furthermore,the incubating duty was assumed by females with aperiod of 13-14 days,while the hatching rate was 85.71%.The brooding period was usually 13-15 days,and the survival rate reached 54.17%.
引文
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[11]牛红星,卜艳珍,路纪琪,等.豫北黄河故道湿地鸟类自然保护区鸟类区系调查[J].生物多样性,2001,9(3):260-264.
[12]徐文茜,汤茜,丁圣彦,等.河南新乡黄河湿地鸟类国家级自然保护区景观格局动态分析[J].湿地科学,2016,14(2):235-241.
[13]杜寅,周放,舒晓莲,等.全球气候变暖对中国鸟类区系的影响[J].动物分类学报(英文版),2009,34(3):664-674.
[14]张凤瑞,邹祺,李保国,等.白头鹎、八哥、乌鸫生态位拓宽研究[J].信阳师范学院学报(自然科学版),2008,21(3):409-411.
[15]闫军辉,张向敏,周红升,等.1951-2015年河南省温度变化研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(7):102-107.
[2]吴至康,李筑眉.乌鸫繁殖习性的初步研究[J].动物学研究,1984,5(3):283-288.
[3]晏安厚.乌鸫繁殖习性的初步观察[J].四川动物,1984,3(4):20-21.
[4]KentishB J,Dann P,Lowe K W.Breeding biology of the common blackbird Turdus merula in Australia[J].Emu Official Organ of the Australasian Ornithologists Union,1995,95(4):233-244.
[5]LU X.Reproductive ecology of blackbirds(Turdus merula maximus)in a high-altitude location,Tibet[J].Journal of Ornithology,2005,146(1):72-78.
[6]周立志,宋榆钧,马勇.乌鸫繁殖生态的研究[J].生态学杂志,2001,20(4):32-34.
[7]罗骏,李艳红,胡杰.四川南充农田区乌鸫的巢址选择[J].四川动物,2008,27(4):575-578.
[8]徐玉梅.乌鸫繁殖习性及食性的初步研究[J].生物学通报,2009,44(3):31-33.
[9]黄族豪,程亚林,梅文枫,等.江西吉安乌鸫的繁殖生态研究[J].四川动物,2011,30(3):439-442.
[10]程亚林,黄族豪.乌鸫的繁殖行为与坐巢行为初步观察[J].动物学杂志,2012,47(4):41-47.
[11]牛红星,卜艳珍,路纪琪,等.豫北黄河故道湿地鸟类自然保护区鸟类区系调查[J].生物多样性,2001,9(3):260-264.
[12]徐文茜,汤茜,丁圣彦,等.河南新乡黄河湿地鸟类国家级自然保护区景观格局动态分析[J].湿地科学,2016,14(2):235-241.
[13]杜寅,周放,舒晓莲,等.全球气候变暖对中国鸟类区系的影响[J].动物分类学报(英文版),2009,34(3):664-674.
[14]张凤瑞,邹祺,李保国,等.白头鹎、八哥、乌鸫生态位拓宽研究[J].信阳师范学院学报(自然科学版),2008,21(3):409-411.
[15]闫军辉,张向敏,周红升,等.1951-2015年河南省温度变化研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(7):102-107.