半封闭空间中水喷淋和泡沫灭火系统灭油池火实验研究
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摘要
为了对比泡沫灭火系统和水喷淋灭火系统的灭火效率,采用装有400 mL汽油或柴油的280 mm×280 mm油盆模拟火源,分析了0.35,0.48和0.75 MPa压力下泡沫灭火系统和水喷淋灭火系统灭油池火的灭火时间、降温冷却效率及火焰面积。结果表明:泡沫灭火系统比水喷淋灭火系统灭油池火的效果更好,对汽油火的灭火时间比水喷淋灭火系统缩短了35.3%,压力对于灭火效率没有影响;柴油火的灭火效率随压力的增加而增加,不同压力下灭火时间比水喷淋灭火系统分别缩短了35.7%,42.9%和66.4%。
In order to compare the fire extinguishing efficiencies of the foam and water spray fire extinguishing systems,the oil pans with the size of 280 mm × 280 mm filling with 400 ml gasoline and diesel respectively were used to simulate the fire source,and the fire extinguishing time,cooling and flame area of the foam and water spray fire extinguishing systems under different pressures of 0. 35 Mpa,0. 48 Mpa and 0. 75 Mpa were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the fire extinguishing effect of the foam fire extinguishing system was better than that of the water spray fire extinguishing system,mainly reflecting in three aspects of fire extinguishing time,cooling and flame area. For the gasoline fire,the fire extinguishing time of the foam fire extinguishing system reduced by 35. 3% than that of the water spray fire extinguishing system,while the pressure had no effect on the fire extinguishing efficiency. For the diesel fire,the fire extinguishing efficiency increased with the increase of pressure,and the fire extinguishing time reduced by 35. 7%,42. 9% and 66. 4% respectively.
In order to compare the fire extinguishing efficiencies of the foam and water spray fire extinguishing systems,the oil pans with the size of 280 mm × 280 mm filling with 400 ml gasoline and diesel respectively were used to simulate the fire source,and the fire extinguishing time,cooling and flame area of the foam and water spray fire extinguishing systems under different pressures of 0. 35 Mpa,0. 48 Mpa and 0. 75 Mpa were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the fire extinguishing effect of the foam fire extinguishing system was better than that of the water spray fire extinguishing system,mainly reflecting in three aspects of fire extinguishing time,cooling and flame area. For the gasoline fire,the fire extinguishing time of the foam fire extinguishing system reduced by 35. 3% than that of the water spray fire extinguishing system,while the pressure had no effect on the fire extinguishing efficiency. For the diesel fire,the fire extinguishing efficiency increased with the increase of pressure,and the fire extinguishing time reduced by 35. 7%,42. 9% and 66. 4% respectively.
引文
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[4]National fire protection association.Standard for road tunnels,bridges,and other limited access highways:NFPA502-2014[S].New York:New York and New Jersey Port Authority Press,2014.
[5]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.建筑设计防火规范:GB50016-2014[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2015.
[6]张文华.公路隧道自动灭火系统应用研究[J].消防科学与技术,2015,34(4):492-494.ZHANG Wenhua.Study on the application of automatic fire extinguishing system for highway tunnel[J].Fire Science and Technology,2015,34(4):492-494.
[7]SHEINSON R S,WILLIAMS B A.Preserving shipboard AFFF fire protection system performance while preventing hydrogen sulfide formation[J].Fire Technology,2008,44(3):283-295.
[8]JACK R,Mawhinney.Fixed fire protection systems in tunnels:issues and directions[J].Fire Technology,2013(49):477-508.
[9]CHEONG M K,C CHEONG W O,LEONG K W.Heat Release rate of heavy goods vehicle fire in tunnels with fixed water based firefighting system[J].Fire Technology,2014,50(2):249-266.
[10]包志明,陈涛,傅学成.公路隧道压缩空气泡沫系统灭油池火实验研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2017,13(3):30-36.BAO Zhiming,CHEN Tao,FU Xuecheng.Experimental study on extinguishing of pool fire with compressed air foam system in road tunnel[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2017,13(3):30-36.
[11]韩郁翀,秦俊.泡沫灭火剂的发展与应用现状[J].火灾科学,2011,20(4):235-240.HAN Yuchong,QIN Jun.Development and application of foam extinguishing agent[J].Fire Safety Science,2011,20(4):235-240.
[12]肖进新,姚军,高展.氟碳表面活性剂与水成膜泡沫灭火剂[J].化学研究与应用,2002(14):391-393.XIAO Jinxin,YAO Jun,GAO Zhan.Fluorocarbon surfactants and aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent[J].Chemical Research and Application,2002(14):391-393.
[13]张玉春,肖晗,李硕雨,等.水雾作用下隧道火灾竖向温度分布试验研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2014,24(9):58-63.ZHANG Yuchun,XIAO Han,LI Shuoyu,et al.Experimental study on vertical temperature distribution of tunnel fire under water mist[J].China Safety Science Journal,2014,24(9):58-63.
[14]JACKSON C.Boilover[J].Industrial Fire World,2000,15(3):26-35.
[15]李涛,谢玮,张玉春,等.水雾强化隧道火灾火焰现象试验研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2017,27(3):37-41.LI Tao,XIE Wei,ZHANG Yuchun,et al.Experimental study on fire flame phenomenon of water mist strengthening tunnel[J].China Safety Science Journal,2017,27(3):37-41.