引起鄂东北油茶落花落果的气象灾害研究
|
摘要
通过2016—2017年对麻城市油茶落花落果观测,分析各气象灾害引起油茶落花落果表现特征、所占百分比和对应时期气象资料,结果表明:气象灾害导致的落花落果超过生理落果及机械损伤落果,占比近30%;产生油茶落花落果的主要气象灾害依次为高温干旱、低温冻害、风灾和梅雨期连阴雨;落花落果易发期有3个:冬季、梅雨期和盛夏,尤以冬季和盛夏期最重;产生油茶落花落果现象的气象灾害指标为:高温日数达到10 d以上且无降水、日最大风速≥8.0 m/s、Tm≤-3.5℃、梅雨期出现3～5 d连阴雨。通过油茶坐果率年变化曲线,揭示了油茶全生育期各气象灾害、生理或机械损伤落果导致坐果率逐渐下降的变化趋势和规律,为有效应对气象灾害,加强灾害防控,提高油茶产量,提供科学依据。
Through the observation of fallen fruit of camellia oleifera in macheng city from 2016 to 2017, the performance characteristics, percentage and corresponding period meteorological data of fallen fruit of camellia oleifera caused by various meteorological disasters were analyzed. The results show that the number of fallen fruit caused by meteorological disasters exceeds that caused by physiological and mechanical damage, accounting for nearly 30%.The main meteorological disasters of falling flower and fruit of camellia oleifera were high temperature drought, low temperature freezing damage, wind disaster and rainy period.There are three vulnerable periods: winter, plum rain and summer, especially in winter and summer.The index of the meteorological disaster causing fallen petal fruit drop phenomenon are follows: high temperature days: more than 10 d without precipitation, daily maximum wind speed: 8.0 m/s or higher, Temperature≤-3.5 ℃ or less and the Meiyu period in 3～5 d continuously. Through the curve of the annual change of fruit setting rate of oil tea, the trend and rule of the gradual decrease of fruit setting rate caused by meteorological disasters, physiological or mechanical damage in the whole growth period of oil tea were revealed, which provides scientific basis for effectively dealing with meteorological disasters, strengthening disaster prevention and control, and increasing the yield of oil tea.
Through the observation of fallen fruit of camellia oleifera in macheng city from 2016 to 2017, the performance characteristics, percentage and corresponding period meteorological data of fallen fruit of camellia oleifera caused by various meteorological disasters were analyzed. The results show that the number of fallen fruit caused by meteorological disasters exceeds that caused by physiological and mechanical damage, accounting for nearly 30%.The main meteorological disasters of falling flower and fruit of camellia oleifera were high temperature drought, low temperature freezing damage, wind disaster and rainy period.There are three vulnerable periods: winter, plum rain and summer, especially in winter and summer.The index of the meteorological disaster causing fallen petal fruit drop phenomenon are follows: high temperature days: more than 10 d without precipitation, daily maximum wind speed: 8.0 m/s or higher, Temperature≤-3.5 ℃ or less and the Meiyu period in 3～5 d continuously. Through the curve of the annual change of fruit setting rate of oil tea, the trend and rule of the gradual decrease of fruit setting rate caused by meteorological disasters, physiological or mechanical damage in the whole growth period of oil tea were revealed, which provides scientific basis for effectively dealing with meteorological disasters, strengthening disaster prevention and control, and increasing the yield of oil tea.
引文
[1] 蒋元华,廖玉芬.油茶气象影响指标研究综述[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(28):179-183.
[2] 杨益,于飞.朱曦嵘,等.基于GIS 的贵州省黎平县油茶气候适宜性区划[J],贵州气象,2011,35(5):17-19.
[3] 郭文扬,汪铎.浙江中部丘陵地区油茶产量与气候分析[J].农业气象,1987(2):31-34.
[4] 高智慧.油茶产量与花期气候因子的灰色关联分析[J].浙江气象,1989(3):30-32.
[5] 曾燕如,黎章矩.油茶花期气候对后坐果的影响[J].浙江林学院学报,2010(3):323-328.
[6] 徐祥隆.油茶花期气候与产量关系的初步探讨[J].浙江林业科技,1982(4):19-20.
[7] 韦金霖.隆林县油茶生产的气候条件及主要气象灾害分析[J].气象研究与应用,2013,34(2):62-64.
[8] 左青,辜晓青.横峰县油茶气候开发利用[J].江西能源,2007(2):50-52.
[9] 邓园艺,喻勋林,罗毅波.传粉昆虫对我国中南地区油茶结实和结籽的作用[J].生态学报,2010,30(16):4427-4436.
[10]黎丽霖.遂川县油茶种植气候区划及生产建议[J].现代农业科技,2009(24):281.
[11]李青建,王勃,江声荣,等.平塘县种植油茶的气象条件及主要气象灾害[J].现代农业科技,2010(15):337.
[12]陈育松.防治油茶生理落果的研究初报[J].浙江农业科学,1962(3):144-146.
[13]唐本安,唐敏.利用土壤动物生态优化筛选最佳油茶林林间地生境研究[J].生态学报,2000,20(6):1009-1014.
[14]张鹏霞,叶清,欧阳芳,等.气候变暖、干旱加重江西省森林病虫灾害[J].生态学报,2017,37(2):639-649.
[15]刘中新,朱慧丽,吴建磊,等.麻城市油茶生长气候适应性及气候区划[J].湖北农业科学,2018,57(17):49-52.
[16]陈庆潮,邱劲柏,林金凤.平油茶落花落果成因及防控技术[J].湖南林业科技,2016,43(5):128-130.
[17]谭云峰,黄建旗,陈新媛,等.油茶林生态系统中营养元素循环的研究[J].生态学报,1989,9(3):213-219.
[18]谭晓风,袁德义,袁军,等.维生素C及植物生长调节物质对油茶花粉萌发率的影响[J].浙江林学院学报,2010,27(6):941-944.
[19]高超,袁德义,袁军,等.花期喷施营养元素及生长调节物质对油茶座果率的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(3):505-510.
[20]吴明作,王翠云,陈景玲,等.河南省油茶气候适宜性研究[J].河南科学,2007,25(2):251-254.
[21]黄志松.油茶生长发育与生态环境关系剖析[J].安徽林业,2009(4):45-46.
[2] 杨益,于飞.朱曦嵘,等.基于GIS 的贵州省黎平县油茶气候适宜性区划[J],贵州气象,2011,35(5):17-19.
[3] 郭文扬,汪铎.浙江中部丘陵地区油茶产量与气候分析[J].农业气象,1987(2):31-34.
[4] 高智慧.油茶产量与花期气候因子的灰色关联分析[J].浙江气象,1989(3):30-32.
[5] 曾燕如,黎章矩.油茶花期气候对后坐果的影响[J].浙江林学院学报,2010(3):323-328.
[6] 徐祥隆.油茶花期气候与产量关系的初步探讨[J].浙江林业科技,1982(4):19-20.
[7] 韦金霖.隆林县油茶生产的气候条件及主要气象灾害分析[J].气象研究与应用,2013,34(2):62-64.
[8] 左青,辜晓青.横峰县油茶气候开发利用[J].江西能源,2007(2):50-52.
[9] 邓园艺,喻勋林,罗毅波.传粉昆虫对我国中南地区油茶结实和结籽的作用[J].生态学报,2010,30(16):4427-4436.
[10]黎丽霖.遂川县油茶种植气候区划及生产建议[J].现代农业科技,2009(24):281.
[11]李青建,王勃,江声荣,等.平塘县种植油茶的气象条件及主要气象灾害[J].现代农业科技,2010(15):337.
[12]陈育松.防治油茶生理落果的研究初报[J].浙江农业科学,1962(3):144-146.
[13]唐本安,唐敏.利用土壤动物生态优化筛选最佳油茶林林间地生境研究[J].生态学报,2000,20(6):1009-1014.
[14]张鹏霞,叶清,欧阳芳,等.气候变暖、干旱加重江西省森林病虫灾害[J].生态学报,2017,37(2):639-649.
[15]刘中新,朱慧丽,吴建磊,等.麻城市油茶生长气候适应性及气候区划[J].湖北农业科学,2018,57(17):49-52.
[16]陈庆潮,邱劲柏,林金凤.平油茶落花落果成因及防控技术[J].湖南林业科技,2016,43(5):128-130.
[17]谭云峰,黄建旗,陈新媛,等.油茶林生态系统中营养元素循环的研究[J].生态学报,1989,9(3):213-219.
[18]谭晓风,袁德义,袁军,等.维生素C及植物生长调节物质对油茶花粉萌发率的影响[J].浙江林学院学报,2010,27(6):941-944.
[19]高超,袁德义,袁军,等.花期喷施营养元素及生长调节物质对油茶座果率的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(3):505-510.
[20]吴明作,王翠云,陈景玲,等.河南省油茶气候适宜性研究[J].河南科学,2007,25(2):251-254.
[21]黄志松.油茶生长发育与生态环境关系剖析[J].安徽林业,2009(4):45-46.