氮肥运筹配施负离子促发液对水稻品质的影响
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摘要
采用二因素随机区组设计,氮肥运筹设3种模式(B1:常规施肥; B2:氮肥前移; B3:减氮20%),负离子促发液设2个水平(A1:清水,无负离子促发液; A2:负离子促发液),研究氮肥运筹配施负离子促发液对稻米品质的影响,以明确水稻优质施肥措施。结果表明,负离子促发液与氮肥运筹互作对糙米率、整精米率有显著影响。糙米率以A2B3处理最优,为79. 85%,精米率、整精米率均以A1B1处理最优,分别为70. 35%、64. 03%;垩白度、垩白粒率均以A2B1处理最优,分别为4. 68%、8. 30%;蛋白质含量以A2B3处理最优,为7. 45%;直链淀粉含量以A1B1处理最优,为18. 75%。负离子促发液与氮肥运筹互作对稻米味道、口感及食味值的影响达到显著或者极显著水平。光泽、味道、口感、食味值均以A2B3处理最优,分别为7. 86、8. 14、7. 52、79. 85分。相关分析表明,在喷施负离子促发液条件下,垩白度、垩白粒率与糙米率均呈极显著负相关,与蛋白质含量分别呈显著、极显著负相关,味道与口感、食味值均呈显著正相关。综上,在减施氮肥条件下,喷施负离子促发液能够有效协调稻米各品质指标,降低蛋白质含量,提升味道、口感,进而提高食味值,改善稻米的综合品质。
Using the two-factor random block design,three nitrogen fertilizer models(B1: conventional fertilization; B2: forward migration of nitrogenous fertilizer; B3: 20% reduction of nitrogen),and 2 levels of negative ion promoting solution(A1: clear water without negative ion promoting solution; A2: negative ion promoting solution) were designed,the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application combined with negative ion promoting solution on rice quality was studied,so as to clarify the high-quality fertilization measures forrice. The results showed that the interaction between negative ion promoting solution and nitrogen fertilizer had a significant effect on brown rice rate and whole milled rice rate. The brown rice rate was the best with A2 B3 treatment,which was 79. 85%. The polished rice rate and the whole milled rice rate were all optimized by A1 B1 treatment,which were 70. 35% and 64. 03%,respectively. The chalkiness and chalkiness rate were all the best in A2 B1 treatment,which were 4. 68% and 8. 30%,respectively; the protein content was optimally treated with A2 B3 treatment,which was 7. 45%; the amylose content was optimally treated with A1 B1 treatment,which was 18. 75%. The interaction between negative ion promoting solution and nitrogen fertilizer had a significant or extremely significant effect on the taste,mouthfeel and taste value of rice. The gloss,flavor,taste and taste value were all optimized by A2 B3 treatment,which were 7. 86,8. 14,7. 52 and 79. 85,respectively. Correlation analysis showed that under the application of negative ion promoting solution,the whiteness,chalkiness rate were significantly negatively correlated with brown rice rate,and significantly correlated with protein content,taste was significantly positively correlated with mouthfeel and taste value. In summary,under the condition of reducing nitrogen application amount,negative ion promoting solution could effectively coordinate various quality indicators of rice,reduce protein content,enhance taste and mouthfeel,and then improve the taste value and comprehensive quality of rice.
Using the two-factor random block design,three nitrogen fertilizer models(B1: conventional fertilization; B2: forward migration of nitrogenous fertilizer; B3: 20% reduction of nitrogen),and 2 levels of negative ion promoting solution(A1: clear water without negative ion promoting solution; A2: negative ion promoting solution) were designed,the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application combined with negative ion promoting solution on rice quality was studied,so as to clarify the high-quality fertilization measures forrice. The results showed that the interaction between negative ion promoting solution and nitrogen fertilizer had a significant effect on brown rice rate and whole milled rice rate. The brown rice rate was the best with A2 B3 treatment,which was 79. 85%. The polished rice rate and the whole milled rice rate were all optimized by A1 B1 treatment,which were 70. 35% and 64. 03%,respectively. The chalkiness and chalkiness rate were all the best in A2 B1 treatment,which were 4. 68% and 8. 30%,respectively; the protein content was optimally treated with A2 B3 treatment,which was 7. 45%; the amylose content was optimally treated with A1 B1 treatment,which was 18. 75%. The interaction between negative ion promoting solution and nitrogen fertilizer had a significant or extremely significant effect on the taste,mouthfeel and taste value of rice. The gloss,flavor,taste and taste value were all optimized by A2 B3 treatment,which were 7. 86,8. 14,7. 52 and 79. 85,respectively. Correlation analysis showed that under the application of negative ion promoting solution,the whiteness,chalkiness rate were significantly negatively correlated with brown rice rate,and significantly correlated with protein content,taste was significantly positively correlated with mouthfeel and taste value. In summary,under the condition of reducing nitrogen application amount,negative ion promoting solution could effectively coordinate various quality indicators of rice,reduce protein content,enhance taste and mouthfeel,and then improve the taste value and comprehensive quality of rice.
引文
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[2]刘建,魏亚凤,徐少安.蘖穗肥氮素配比对水稻产量、品质及氮肥利用率的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2006,25(3):223-227.
[3]丁得亮,崔晶,张欣,等.我国粳稻食味品质研究进展[J].江苏农业科学,2010(2):1-4.
[4]黑龙江省农垦总局.黑龙江垦区农产品质量追溯系统项目建设进展与成效[J].中国农垦,2011(6):12-14.
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[6]刘立军,吴长付,张耗,等.实地氮肥管理对稻米品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2007,21(6):625-630.
[7]江立庚,曹卫星,甘秀芹,等.不同施氮水平对南方早稻氮素吸收利用及其产量和品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(4):490-496.
[8]袁继超,刘丛军,俄胜哲,等.施氮量和穗粒肥比例对稻米营养品质及中微量元素含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(2):183-187.
[9]Yong J S,Jun M,Yuan Y S,et al. The effects of different water and nitrogen management on yield and nitrogen use efficiency in hybrid rice of China[J]. Field Crops Research,2012,127:85-98.
[10]金军,徐大勇,蔡一霞,等.施氮量对水稻主要米质性状及RVA谱特征参数的影响[J].作物学报,2004,30(2):154-158.
[11]金正勋,秋太权,孙艳丽,等.氮肥对稻米垩白及蒸煮食味品质特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2001,7(1):31-35.
[12]王翠玲,魏中华,刘晴,等.不同施氮处理对不同类型粳稻产量与品质的影响[J].中国稻米,2015,21(1):72-75.
[13]万靓军,霍中洋,张洪程,等.氮肥运筹对杂交稻主要品质性状及淀粉RVA谱特征的影响[J].作物学报,2006,32(10):1491-1497.
[14]刘明久,黄中文,胡海燕.氮肥不同追施时期对粳稻产量和蛋白质含量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2009,22(1):102-105.
[15]董明辉,桑大志,王朋,等.不同施氮水平下水稻穗上不同部位籽粒的蒸煮与营养品质变化[J].中国水稻科学,2006,20(4):389-395.
[16]梁国斌,莫亿伟,柳敏,等.施氮对水稻植株和颖果发育及稻米品质的影响[J].西北植物学报,2008,28(9):1794-1802.
[17]朱朋波.氮磷钾肥不同用量对稻米品质的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2005.
[18]李贤勇,王元凯,王楚桃.稻米蒸煮品质与营养品质的相关性分析[J].西南农业学报,2001,14(3):22-25.
[19]刘建,魏亚凤,夏礼如,等.不同氮肥水平对稻米品质和淀粉RVA谱特征的影响[J].金陵科技学院报,2004,20(1):34-38.
[20]焉山,郑桂萍,马艳,等.有机肥及与化肥配施对水稻空育163品质的影响[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2014,26(2):13-16.
[21]李贺.有机-无机肥料配施对水稻养分积累及氮肥利用效率的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2012.
[22]万靓军,张洪程,霍中洋,等.氮肥运筹对超级杂交粳稻产量、品质及氮素利用率的影响[J].作物学报,2007,33(2):175-182.
[23]周培南,冯惟珠,许力霞,等.施氮量和移栽密度对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响[J].江苏农业研究,2001,22(1):27-31.
[24]刘代银,伍菊仙,任万军,等.氮肥运筹对免耕高留茬抛秧稻氮素吸收、运转和子粒品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(3):514-521.
[25]杨泽敏,王维金,蔡明历,等.氮肥施用期及施用量对稻米品质的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2002,21(5):429-434.
[26]刘立军,王志琴,桑大志,等.氮肥运筹对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2002,23(3):46-50.
[27]张小明,石春海,富田桂,等.粳稻米淀粉特性与食味间的相关性分析[J].中国水稻科学,2002,16(2):157-161.
[28]Wakamatsu K L,Sasaki O,Uezono L,et al. Effect of the amount of nitrogen application on occurrence of whiteback kernels during ripening of rice(Oryza sativa)under high-temperature conditions[J]. Japan J Crop Science,2008,77(4):424-433.
[29]陈莹莹.江苏早熟晚粳品种稻米品质对氮肥的响应及其类型[D].扬州:扬州大学,2012.
[30]陈翠竹,徐艳,相华.氮肥对稻米品质的影响研究综述[J].安徽农学通报,2008,14(18):51-54.
[2]刘建,魏亚凤,徐少安.蘖穗肥氮素配比对水稻产量、品质及氮肥利用率的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2006,25(3):223-227.
[3]丁得亮,崔晶,张欣,等.我国粳稻食味品质研究进展[J].江苏农业科学,2010(2):1-4.
[4]黑龙江省农垦总局.黑龙江垦区农产品质量追溯系统项目建设进展与成效[J].中国农垦,2011(6):12-14.
[5]莫惠栋.我国稻米品质的改良[J].中国农业科学,1993(4):8-14.
[6]刘立军,吴长付,张耗,等.实地氮肥管理对稻米品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2007,21(6):625-630.
[7]江立庚,曹卫星,甘秀芹,等.不同施氮水平对南方早稻氮素吸收利用及其产量和品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(4):490-496.
[8]袁继超,刘丛军,俄胜哲,等.施氮量和穗粒肥比例对稻米营养品质及中微量元素含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(2):183-187.
[9]Yong J S,Jun M,Yuan Y S,et al. The effects of different water and nitrogen management on yield and nitrogen use efficiency in hybrid rice of China[J]. Field Crops Research,2012,127:85-98.
[10]金军,徐大勇,蔡一霞,等.施氮量对水稻主要米质性状及RVA谱特征参数的影响[J].作物学报,2004,30(2):154-158.
[11]金正勋,秋太权,孙艳丽,等.氮肥对稻米垩白及蒸煮食味品质特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2001,7(1):31-35.
[12]王翠玲,魏中华,刘晴,等.不同施氮处理对不同类型粳稻产量与品质的影响[J].中国稻米,2015,21(1):72-75.
[13]万靓军,霍中洋,张洪程,等.氮肥运筹对杂交稻主要品质性状及淀粉RVA谱特征的影响[J].作物学报,2006,32(10):1491-1497.
[14]刘明久,黄中文,胡海燕.氮肥不同追施时期对粳稻产量和蛋白质含量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2009,22(1):102-105.
[15]董明辉,桑大志,王朋,等.不同施氮水平下水稻穗上不同部位籽粒的蒸煮与营养品质变化[J].中国水稻科学,2006,20(4):389-395.
[16]梁国斌,莫亿伟,柳敏,等.施氮对水稻植株和颖果发育及稻米品质的影响[J].西北植物学报,2008,28(9):1794-1802.
[17]朱朋波.氮磷钾肥不同用量对稻米品质的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2005.
[18]李贤勇,王元凯,王楚桃.稻米蒸煮品质与营养品质的相关性分析[J].西南农业学报,2001,14(3):22-25.
[19]刘建,魏亚凤,夏礼如,等.不同氮肥水平对稻米品质和淀粉RVA谱特征的影响[J].金陵科技学院报,2004,20(1):34-38.
[20]焉山,郑桂萍,马艳,等.有机肥及与化肥配施对水稻空育163品质的影响[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2014,26(2):13-16.
[21]李贺.有机-无机肥料配施对水稻养分积累及氮肥利用效率的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2012.
[22]万靓军,张洪程,霍中洋,等.氮肥运筹对超级杂交粳稻产量、品质及氮素利用率的影响[J].作物学报,2007,33(2):175-182.
[23]周培南,冯惟珠,许力霞,等.施氮量和移栽密度对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响[J].江苏农业研究,2001,22(1):27-31.
[24]刘代银,伍菊仙,任万军,等.氮肥运筹对免耕高留茬抛秧稻氮素吸收、运转和子粒品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(3):514-521.
[25]杨泽敏,王维金,蔡明历,等.氮肥施用期及施用量对稻米品质的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2002,21(5):429-434.
[26]刘立军,王志琴,桑大志,等.氮肥运筹对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2002,23(3):46-50.
[27]张小明,石春海,富田桂,等.粳稻米淀粉特性与食味间的相关性分析[J].中国水稻科学,2002,16(2):157-161.
[28]Wakamatsu K L,Sasaki O,Uezono L,et al. Effect of the amount of nitrogen application on occurrence of whiteback kernels during ripening of rice(Oryza sativa)under high-temperature conditions[J]. Japan J Crop Science,2008,77(4):424-433.
[29]陈莹莹.江苏早熟晚粳品种稻米品质对氮肥的响应及其类型[D].扬州:扬州大学,2012.
[30]陈翠竹,徐艳,相华.氮肥对稻米品质的影响研究综述[J].安徽农学通报,2008,14(18):51-54.