LncRNAs与鼻咽癌侵袭转移关系的研究进展
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摘要
鼻咽癌(nasopharyngeal carcinoma,NPC)是一种独特的头颈部恶性肿瘤,具有不同于其他头颈部上皮性恶性肿瘤的临床、人口和地理特征,以及具有不同的发病机制和广泛的组织病理学表现。长非编码RNA(lncRNA)是长度大于200个碱基且几乎没有蛋白质编码功能的长链核糖核酸。研究表明,lncRNAs虽然不编码蛋白质,但其具有广泛的生物学功能,在人类疾病,特别是肿瘤中,其作用越来越受到重视。研究发现,lncRNAs广泛参与鼻咽癌的侵袭转移及进展过程,本文将就已发现的与鼻咽癌侵袭转移有关的lncRNAs研究进展进行综述。阐明这些lncRNAs对鼻咽癌侵袭转移的作用机制将有助于揭示鼻咽癌发生进展机制,同时为鼻咽癌的诊治提供新方向。
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) is a unique malignant head and neck cancer with clinical, demographic and geographic features different from other head and neck epithelial malignancies, as well as different pathogenesis and extensive histology. Long non-coding RNAs(LncRNAs) are longchain ribonucleic acids that are greater than 200 bases in length and have little protein-coding function. Studies have shown that LncRNAs, although not encoding proteins, have a wide range of biological functions, and their role in human diseases, especially tumors, has received increasing attention. The study found that LncRNAs are widely involved in the invasion, metastasis and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This article will review the research progress of LncRNAs related to invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Elucidating the mechanism of these LncRNAs on invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma will help to reveal the mechanism of the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and provide a new direction for the diagnosis and treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) is a unique malignant head and neck cancer with clinical, demographic and geographic features different from other head and neck epithelial malignancies, as well as different pathogenesis and extensive histology. Long non-coding RNAs(LncRNAs) are longchain ribonucleic acids that are greater than 200 bases in length and have little protein-coding function. Studies have shown that LncRNAs, although not encoding proteins, have a wide range of biological functions, and their role in human diseases, especially tumors, has received increasing attention. The study found that LncRNAs are widely involved in the invasion, metastasis and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This article will review the research progress of LncRNAs related to invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Elucidating the mechanism of these LncRNAs on invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma will help to reveal the mechanism of the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and provide a new direction for the diagnosis and treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
引文
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[2] Zhang Y, Liu X, Zhang Y, et al. Prognostic value of the primary lesion apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)in nasopharyngeal carcinoma:a retrospective study of 541 cases[J]. Sci Rep,2015, 5(1):12242.
[3] Lo KW, To KF, Huang DP. Focus on nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J].Cancer Cell,2004, 5(5):423-428.
[4] Xu T, Tang J, Gu M, et al. Recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma:a clinical dilemma and challenge[J]. Curr Oncol,2013, 20(5):e406-419.
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[7] Sun J, Ding C, Yang Z, et al. The long non-coding RNA TUG1indicates a poor prognosis for colorectal cancer and promotes metastasis by affecting epithelial-mesenchymal transition[J]. J Transl Med,2016, 14(1):42.
[8] Xu Y, Qiu M, Chen Y, et al. Long noncoding RNA, tissue differentiation-inducing nonprotein coding RNA is upregulated and promotes development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma[J]. Dis Esophagus,2016, 29(8):950-958.
[9] Yang F, Liu YH, Dong SY, et al. A novel long non-coding RNA FGF14-AS2 is correlated with progression and prognosis in breast cancer[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2016, 470(3):479-483.
[10] Yang QQ, Deng YF. Long non-coding RNAs as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in head and neck cancers[J]. Int J Clin Exp Pathol,2014, 7(4):1286-1292.
[11] Gibb EA, Brown CJ, Wan LL. The functional role of long noncoding RNA in human carcinomas[J]. Mol Cancer, 2011, 10(1):38.
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[14] Kung JTY, Colognori D, Lee JT. Long Noncoding RNAs:Past,Present, and Future[J]. Genetics,2013, 193(3):651-669.
[15] Okazaki Y, Furuno M, Kasukawa T, et al. Analysis of the mouse transcriptome based on functional annotation of 60,770 full-length cDNAs[J].Nature,2002, 420(6915):563-573.
[16] Wang KC, Chang YH. Molecular Mechanisms of Long Noncoding RNAs[J]. Mol Cell,2011, 43(6):904-914.
[17] Cheetham SW, Gruhl F, Mattick JS, et al. Long noncoding RNAs and the genetics of cancer[J]. Br J Cancer,2013, 108(12):2419-2425.
[18] Hirata H, Hinoda Y, Shahryari V, et al. Long Noncoding RNA MALAT1 Promotes Aggressive Renal Cell Carcinoma through Ezh2 and Interacts with miR-205[J]. Cancer Res,2015, 75(7):1322-1331.
[19] Xu T, Liu X, Xia R, et al. SP1-induced upregulation of the long noncoding RNA TINCR regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis by affecting KLF2m RNA stability in gastric cancer[J]. Oncogene,2015, 34(45):5648-5661.
[20] Yuan JH, Yang F, Wang F, et al. A long noncoding RNA activated by TGF-βpromotes the invasion-metastasis cascade in hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Cancer Cell,2014, 25(5):666-681.
[21] Mercer TR, Dinger ME, Mattick JS. Long non-coding RNAs:insights into functions[J]. Nat Rev Genet,2009, 10(3):155-159.
[22] Ma L, Bajic VB, Zhang Z. On the classification of long non-coding RNAs[J]. RNA Biol,2013, 10(6):925-933.
[23] He Y, Meng XM, Huang C, et al. Long noncoding RNAs:Novel insights into hepatocelluar carcinoma[J]. Cancer Lett,2014, 344(1):20-27.
[24] Xie L, Hu Z, Wang X, et al.Expression of long noncoding RNA MALAT1 gene in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines and its biological significance[J].Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao,2013, 33(5):692-697.
[25] Shi B, Wang Y, Yin F. MALAT1/miR-124/Capn4 axis regulates proliferation, invasion and EMT in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells[J].Cancer Biol Ther,2017, 18(10):792-800.
[26] Hua WF, Zhong Q, Xia TL, et al. RBM24 suppresses cancer progression by upregulating miR-25 to target MALAT1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J]. Cell Death Dis,2016, 7(9):e2352.
[27] Bo H, Gong Z, Zhang W, et al. Upregulated long non-coding RNA AFAP1-AS1 expression is associated with progression and poor prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J]. Oncotarget,2015, 6(24):20404-20418.
[28] Shah N, Sukumar S. The Hox genes and their roles in oncogenesis[J]. Nat Rev Cancer,2010, 10(5):361-371.
[29] Seles M, Hutterer GC, Kiesslich T, et al. Current Insights into Long Non-Coding RNAs in Renal Cell Carcinoma[J]. Int J Mol Sci,2016, 17(4):573.
[30] Zhang W, Wang L, Zheng F, et al. Long Noncoding RNA Expression Signatures of Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Their Prognostic Value[J]. Biomed Res Int,2015, 2015(3):618924.
[31] Nie Y, Liu X, Qu S, et al. Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR is an independent prognostic marker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression and survival[J]. Cancer Sci,2013, 104(4):458-464.
[32] Wu Y, Liu H, Shi X, et al. The long non-coding RNA HNF1AAS1 regulates proliferation and metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma[J].Oncotarget,2015, 6(11):9160-9172.
[33] Yang X, Song JH, Cheng Y, et al. Long non-coding RNA HNF1A-AS1regulatesproliferationandmigrationinoesophageal adenocarcinoma cells[J]. Gut,2014, 63(6):881-890.
[34] Zhuang K, Wu Q, Jin CS, et al. Long non-coding RNA HNF1AAS is upregulated and promotes cell proliferation and metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J]. Cancer Biomark,2016, 16(2):291-300.
[35] Xudong L, Yan L, Xi Y, et al. Long noncoding RNA H19 regulates EZH2 expression by interacting with miR-630 and promotes cell invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2016, 473(4):913-919.
[36] Li L, Gu M, You B, et al. Long non‐coding RNA ROR promotes proliferation, migration and chemoresistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J].Cancer Sci,2016, 107(9):1215-1222.
[37]Zhang W, Huang C, Gong Z, et al. Expression of LINC00312, a long intergenic non-coding RNA, is negatively correlated with tumor size but positively correlated with lymph node metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J]. J Mol Histol,2013, 44(5):545-554.
[38] Lu Y, Li T, Wei G, et al. The long non-coding RNA NEAT1regulates epithelial to mesenchymal transition and radioresistance in through miR-204/ZEB1 axis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J]. Tumour Bio,2016, 37(9):11733-11741.
[39] Lei S. High Expression of LINC01420 indicates an unfavorable prognosis and modulates cell migration and invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J]. J Cancer,2017, 8(1):97-103.
[40] Nie GH, Li Z, Duan HF, et al. lncRNA C22orf32-1 contributes to the tumorigenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J]. Oncol Lett,2017, 13(6):4487-4492.
[41] Wen X, Tang X, Li Y, et al. Microarray Expression Profiling of Long Non-Coding RNAs Involved in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Metastasis[J]. Int J Mol Sci,2016, 17(11):E1956.
[42] Dong Y, Yuan H, Jin G. Identification of long noncoding RNA CCAT1 as an oncogene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J]. Oncol Lett,2018,16(2):2750-2756.
[43] Chen X, Li J, Li CL, et al. Long non-coding RAN ZFAS1promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma through activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway[J]. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci,2018, 22(11):3423-3429.
[44] Sun Q, Liu H, Li L, et al. Long noncoding RNA-LET, which is repressed by EZH2, inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell[J]. Med Oncol,2015, 32(9):226.
[45] Lei C, Sun L, Lei D, et al. The role of long noncoding RNALET in cell proliferation and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its mechanism[J]. Onco Targets Ther,2017, 10:2769-2778.
[46] Guo J, Ma J, Zhao G, et al. Long Non-Coding RNA LINC0086Functions as a Tumor Suppressor in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma By Targeting miR-214[J]. Oncol Res,2017, 25(7):1189-1197.
[47] Nie GH, Li Z, Duan HF, et al. Long non-coding RNA ZNF674-1 acts as a cancer suppressor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J]. Oncol Lett,2018, 15(6):10047-10054.
[2] Zhang Y, Liu X, Zhang Y, et al. Prognostic value of the primary lesion apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)in nasopharyngeal carcinoma:a retrospective study of 541 cases[J]. Sci Rep,2015, 5(1):12242.
[3] Lo KW, To KF, Huang DP. Focus on nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J].Cancer Cell,2004, 5(5):423-428.
[4] Xu T, Tang J, Gu M, et al. Recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma:a clinical dilemma and challenge[J]. Curr Oncol,2013, 20(5):e406-419.
[5] Feng J, Sun Y, Zhang EB, et al. A novel long noncoding RNA IRAIN regulates cell proliferation in non small cell lung cancer[J]. Int J Clin Exp Pathol,2015, 8(10):12268-12275.
[6] Nie FQ, Ma S, Xie M, et al. Decreased long noncoding RNA MIR31HG is correlated with poor prognosis and contributes to cell proliferation in gastric cancer[J]. Tumor Biol,2016, 37(6):7693-7701.
[7] Sun J, Ding C, Yang Z, et al. The long non-coding RNA TUG1indicates a poor prognosis for colorectal cancer and promotes metastasis by affecting epithelial-mesenchymal transition[J]. J Transl Med,2016, 14(1):42.
[8] Xu Y, Qiu M, Chen Y, et al. Long noncoding RNA, tissue differentiation-inducing nonprotein coding RNA is upregulated and promotes development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma[J]. Dis Esophagus,2016, 29(8):950-958.
[9] Yang F, Liu YH, Dong SY, et al. A novel long non-coding RNA FGF14-AS2 is correlated with progression and prognosis in breast cancer[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2016, 470(3):479-483.
[10] Yang QQ, Deng YF. Long non-coding RNAs as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in head and neck cancers[J]. Int J Clin Exp Pathol,2014, 7(4):1286-1292.
[11] Gibb EA, Brown CJ, Wan LL. The functional role of long noncoding RNA in human carcinomas[J]. Mol Cancer, 2011, 10(1):38.
[12] Reik W. Evolution and functions of long noncoding RNAs[J]. Cell,2009, 136(4):629-641.
[13] Spizzo R, Almeida MI, Colombatti A, et al. Long non-coding RNAs and cancer:a new frontier of translational research[J]? Oncogene,2012, 31(43):4577-4587.
[14] Kung JTY, Colognori D, Lee JT. Long Noncoding RNAs:Past,Present, and Future[J]. Genetics,2013, 193(3):651-669.
[15] Okazaki Y, Furuno M, Kasukawa T, et al. Analysis of the mouse transcriptome based on functional annotation of 60,770 full-length cDNAs[J].Nature,2002, 420(6915):563-573.
[16] Wang KC, Chang YH. Molecular Mechanisms of Long Noncoding RNAs[J]. Mol Cell,2011, 43(6):904-914.
[17] Cheetham SW, Gruhl F, Mattick JS, et al. Long noncoding RNAs and the genetics of cancer[J]. Br J Cancer,2013, 108(12):2419-2425.
[18] Hirata H, Hinoda Y, Shahryari V, et al. Long Noncoding RNA MALAT1 Promotes Aggressive Renal Cell Carcinoma through Ezh2 and Interacts with miR-205[J]. Cancer Res,2015, 75(7):1322-1331.
[19] Xu T, Liu X, Xia R, et al. SP1-induced upregulation of the long noncoding RNA TINCR regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis by affecting KLF2m RNA stability in gastric cancer[J]. Oncogene,2015, 34(45):5648-5661.
[20] Yuan JH, Yang F, Wang F, et al. A long noncoding RNA activated by TGF-βpromotes the invasion-metastasis cascade in hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Cancer Cell,2014, 25(5):666-681.
[21] Mercer TR, Dinger ME, Mattick JS. Long non-coding RNAs:insights into functions[J]. Nat Rev Genet,2009, 10(3):155-159.
[22] Ma L, Bajic VB, Zhang Z. On the classification of long non-coding RNAs[J]. RNA Biol,2013, 10(6):925-933.
[23] He Y, Meng XM, Huang C, et al. Long noncoding RNAs:Novel insights into hepatocelluar carcinoma[J]. Cancer Lett,2014, 344(1):20-27.
[24] Xie L, Hu Z, Wang X, et al.Expression of long noncoding RNA MALAT1 gene in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines and its biological significance[J].Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao,2013, 33(5):692-697.
[25] Shi B, Wang Y, Yin F. MALAT1/miR-124/Capn4 axis regulates proliferation, invasion and EMT in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells[J].Cancer Biol Ther,2017, 18(10):792-800.
[26] Hua WF, Zhong Q, Xia TL, et al. RBM24 suppresses cancer progression by upregulating miR-25 to target MALAT1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J]. Cell Death Dis,2016, 7(9):e2352.
[27] Bo H, Gong Z, Zhang W, et al. Upregulated long non-coding RNA AFAP1-AS1 expression is associated with progression and poor prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J]. Oncotarget,2015, 6(24):20404-20418.
[28] Shah N, Sukumar S. The Hox genes and their roles in oncogenesis[J]. Nat Rev Cancer,2010, 10(5):361-371.
[29] Seles M, Hutterer GC, Kiesslich T, et al. Current Insights into Long Non-Coding RNAs in Renal Cell Carcinoma[J]. Int J Mol Sci,2016, 17(4):573.
[30] Zhang W, Wang L, Zheng F, et al. Long Noncoding RNA Expression Signatures of Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Their Prognostic Value[J]. Biomed Res Int,2015, 2015(3):618924.
[31] Nie Y, Liu X, Qu S, et al. Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR is an independent prognostic marker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression and survival[J]. Cancer Sci,2013, 104(4):458-464.
[32] Wu Y, Liu H, Shi X, et al. The long non-coding RNA HNF1AAS1 regulates proliferation and metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma[J].Oncotarget,2015, 6(11):9160-9172.
[33] Yang X, Song JH, Cheng Y, et al. Long non-coding RNA HNF1A-AS1regulatesproliferationandmigrationinoesophageal adenocarcinoma cells[J]. Gut,2014, 63(6):881-890.
[34] Zhuang K, Wu Q, Jin CS, et al. Long non-coding RNA HNF1AAS is upregulated and promotes cell proliferation and metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J]. Cancer Biomark,2016, 16(2):291-300.
[35] Xudong L, Yan L, Xi Y, et al. Long noncoding RNA H19 regulates EZH2 expression by interacting with miR-630 and promotes cell invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2016, 473(4):913-919.
[36] Li L, Gu M, You B, et al. Long non‐coding RNA ROR promotes proliferation, migration and chemoresistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J].Cancer Sci,2016, 107(9):1215-1222.
[37]Zhang W, Huang C, Gong Z, et al. Expression of LINC00312, a long intergenic non-coding RNA, is negatively correlated with tumor size but positively correlated with lymph node metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J]. J Mol Histol,2013, 44(5):545-554.
[38] Lu Y, Li T, Wei G, et al. The long non-coding RNA NEAT1regulates epithelial to mesenchymal transition and radioresistance in through miR-204/ZEB1 axis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J]. Tumour Bio,2016, 37(9):11733-11741.
[39] Lei S. High Expression of LINC01420 indicates an unfavorable prognosis and modulates cell migration and invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J]. J Cancer,2017, 8(1):97-103.
[40] Nie GH, Li Z, Duan HF, et al. lncRNA C22orf32-1 contributes to the tumorigenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J]. Oncol Lett,2017, 13(6):4487-4492.
[41] Wen X, Tang X, Li Y, et al. Microarray Expression Profiling of Long Non-Coding RNAs Involved in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Metastasis[J]. Int J Mol Sci,2016, 17(11):E1956.
[42] Dong Y, Yuan H, Jin G. Identification of long noncoding RNA CCAT1 as an oncogene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J]. Oncol Lett,2018,16(2):2750-2756.
[43] Chen X, Li J, Li CL, et al. Long non-coding RAN ZFAS1promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma through activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway[J]. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci,2018, 22(11):3423-3429.
[44] Sun Q, Liu H, Li L, et al. Long noncoding RNA-LET, which is repressed by EZH2, inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell[J]. Med Oncol,2015, 32(9):226.
[45] Lei C, Sun L, Lei D, et al. The role of long noncoding RNALET in cell proliferation and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its mechanism[J]. Onco Targets Ther,2017, 10:2769-2778.
[46] Guo J, Ma J, Zhao G, et al. Long Non-Coding RNA LINC0086Functions as a Tumor Suppressor in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma By Targeting miR-214[J]. Oncol Res,2017, 25(7):1189-1197.
[47] Nie GH, Li Z, Duan HF, et al. Long non-coding RNA ZNF674-1 acts as a cancer suppressor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J]. Oncol Lett,2018, 15(6):10047-10054.