预冷前后1-MCP处理对杨梅采后贮藏品质的影响
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摘要
本研究以‘硬丝’杨梅为试材,比较预冷前后进行1-MCP处理,及贮藏温度对杨梅采后贮藏品质及货架期的影响。预冷结合1-MCP处理,可延缓贮藏期间杨梅果实单果重、硬度的下降,抑制膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量和呼吸强度的上升,延缓贮藏6 d内果实可溶性糖、可滴定酸含量的降低,但对延缓花色苷含量降解效果不明显。预冷前或后进行1-MCP处理,在延缓果实品质劣化方面并无显著差异。预冷处理可有效降低果实入库时的呼吸强度,但需结合1-MCP处理才能有效维持贮藏期间果实呼吸强度处于较低水平。预冷后1-MCP处理,杨梅果实可贮藏于7℃中5d,出库后,货架期可达5 d,腐烂率<10%,与贮藏于4℃中无显著差异,可有效降低冷库能耗成本,贮藏效果优于预冷前1-MCP处理。考虑生产实际,杨梅采后处理应及时装箱,加冰壶,置于4℃预冷处理,冷藏运输应控制在5 h以内。入库前使用7μL/L的1-MCP于4℃冷库中熏蒸18 h。贮藏期可置于4～7℃冷库中贮藏5 d,于第6天上架销售,货架期可达5 d,具有较好的应用前景。
The effects of pre-cooling timing, 1-MCP treatment and storage temperature on postharvest quality and shelf life of Myrica rubra ‘Ying Si' were compared. The results showed pre-cooling combined with 1-MCP treatment could postpone the decrease of fruit weight and firmness during storage, inhibit the increase of respiration intensity caused by the accumulation of MDA, and postpone the decrease of soluble sugar and titratable acid content within 6 days of storage, but had no effect on postponing the degradation of anthocyanin. 1-MCP treatment before or after pre-cooling had no significant difference in retarding fruit quality deterioration. Pre-cooling treatment could effectively reduce the respiratory intensity of fruit at the beginning of storage, but only combined with 1-MCP treatment could effectively maintain the respiratory intensity of fruit at a low-level during storage. Fruit with 1-MCP treatment after pre-cooling could be stored at 7 ℃ for 5 days, the shelf life could be up to 5 days, and the rot rate was less than 10%(no significant difference between 4 ℃ and 7 ℃) with less energy consumption cost, of which the storage effect was better than 1-MCP treatment before pre-cooling. Considering the commercial application, the fruit should be packed in time with ice bag after harvesting at 4 ℃ for pre-cooling treatment. Refrigerated transport should be controlled within 5 hours. Before storage, the fruit should be fumigated with 1-MCP of 7 mL/L 18 hours at 4 ℃. The fruit could be stored at 4-7 ℃ for 5 days, and sold on the shelf on the 6 th day. The shelf life could reach 5 days, which has a good commercial application prospect.
The effects of pre-cooling timing, 1-MCP treatment and storage temperature on postharvest quality and shelf life of Myrica rubra ‘Ying Si' were compared. The results showed pre-cooling combined with 1-MCP treatment could postpone the decrease of fruit weight and firmness during storage, inhibit the increase of respiration intensity caused by the accumulation of MDA, and postpone the decrease of soluble sugar and titratable acid content within 6 days of storage, but had no effect on postponing the degradation of anthocyanin. 1-MCP treatment before or after pre-cooling had no significant difference in retarding fruit quality deterioration. Pre-cooling treatment could effectively reduce the respiratory intensity of fruit at the beginning of storage, but only combined with 1-MCP treatment could effectively maintain the respiratory intensity of fruit at a low-level during storage. Fruit with 1-MCP treatment after pre-cooling could be stored at 7 ℃ for 5 days, the shelf life could be up to 5 days, and the rot rate was less than 10%(no significant difference between 4 ℃ and 7 ℃) with less energy consumption cost, of which the storage effect was better than 1-MCP treatment before pre-cooling. Considering the commercial application, the fruit should be packed in time with ice bag after harvesting at 4 ℃ for pre-cooling treatment. Refrigerated transport should be controlled within 5 hours. Before storage, the fruit should be fumigated with 1-MCP of 7 mL/L 18 hours at 4 ℃. The fruit could be stored at 4-7 ℃ for 5 days, and sold on the shelf on the 6 th day. The shelf life could reach 5 days, which has a good commercial application prospect.
引文
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[11]张朝红,古月华,房红娟,等.微波辅助提取果桑花色苷的工艺研究[J].食品科学,2010,31(18):192-195.
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[13]Custódia M L G,Adriana C G,Gra?a M,et al.Effect of harvest date and 1-MCP(Smart Fresh?)treatment on‘Golden Delicious’apple cold storage physiological disorders[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,2015,110:77-85.
[14]Xie X B,Zhao J,Wang Y.Initiation of ripening capacity in1-MCP treated green and red‘Anjou’pears and associated expression of genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and perception following cold storage and post-storage ethylene conditioning[J],Postharvest Biology and Technology,2016,111:140-149.
[15]Lim S,HAN S H,Kim J,et al,Inhibition of hardy kiwifruit(Actinidia aruguta)ripening by 1-methylcyclopropene during cold storage and anticancer properties of the fruit extract[J].Food Chemistry,2016,190(1):150-157.
[16]Zhu X Y,Shen L,Fu D W,et al.Effects of the combination treatment of 1-MCP and ethylene on the ripening of harvested banana fruit[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,2015,107:23-32.
[17]Amornputti S,Ketsa S,van Doorn W G.Effect of1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)on storage life of durian fruit[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,2014,97(3):111-114.
[18]韩英群,郭丹,魏鑫,等.果实采后软化生理机制及调控技术研究进展[J].北方园艺,2017(5):180-183.
[19]Tao S C,Chu H L,Chen X M,et al.Study of the effects of1-MCP to blueberry under cold storage[C]//Sivakumar Manickam.IOP Conference Series:Earth and Environmental Science 61.Bristol,UK:IOP Publishing Ltd,2017:012041.
[20]Sharma S,Pareek S,Sagar N A,et al.Modulatory effects of exogenously applied polyamines on postharvest physiology,antioxidant system and shelf life of fruits:A Review[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2017,18(8):1-18.
[21]张望舒.杨梅果实采后特性与抗氧化活性研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2007.
[22]钟秋珍,林旗华,张泽煌.福建主栽杨梅品种贮藏性初步研究[J].中国南方果树,2014,43(6):87-89,99.
[23]张梅坤.低温保鲜处理对东魁杨梅果实的影响[J].福建林业科技,2018,45(2):68-72.
[24]汪开拓,廖云霞,阚建全,等.杨梅采后低温贮藏期间蔗糖代谢酶活性与果实花色苷合成关系的研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,36(12):1-7.
[25]张洁.不同处理对杨梅果实保鲜效果的研究[D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2012.
[2]张国旺,程良世,林文芳,等.福建统计年鉴-2018[EB/OL].[2019-02-01].http://tjj.fujian.gov.cn/tongjinianjian/dz2018/index-cn.htm.
[3]冯飞,王杰,仲柯,等.2018年浙江统计年鉴[EB/OL].[2019-02-01].http://zjjcmspublic.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/jcms_files/jcms1/web3077/site/flash/tjj/Rports1/2018%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B9%B4%E9%89%B4%E5%85%89%E7%9B%981113/indexch.htm.
[4]Sisler E C,Reid M S,Yang S F.Effect of antagonists of ethylene action on binding of ethylene in cut carnations[J].Plant Growth Regulation,1986,4(3):213-218.
[5]Sisler E C,Serek M,Dupille E.Comparison of cyclopropene,1-methylcyclopropene,and 3,3-dimethylcyclopropene as ethylene antagonists in plants[J].Plant Growth Regulation,1996,18(3):169-174.
[6]Sisler E C,Serek M.Compounds controlling the ethylene receptor[J].Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica,1999,40(1):1-7.
[7]茅林春,方雪花,庞华卿.1-MCP对杨梅果实采后生理和品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(10):1532-1536.
[8]王瑾,陈均志,孙根标,等.1-MCP-α-环糊精和羧甲基β-环糊精对杨梅保鲜的研究[J].陕西科技大学学报,2010,28(2):30-34.
[9]陈文烜,郜海燕,房祥军,等.快速预冷对杨梅采后生理和品质的影响[J].中国食品学报,2010,10(3):169-174.
[10]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].2版,北京:高等教育出版社,2006:202-204.
[11]张朝红,古月华,房红娟,等.微波辅助提取果桑花色苷的工艺研究[J].食品科学,2010,31(18):192-195.
[12]Hu Z J,Tang C X,He Z B,et al.1-methylcyclopropene(MCP)-containing cellulose paper packaging for fresh fruit and vegetable preservation a review[J].BioResources,2017,12(1):2234-2248.
[13]Custódia M L G,Adriana C G,Gra?a M,et al.Effect of harvest date and 1-MCP(Smart Fresh?)treatment on‘Golden Delicious’apple cold storage physiological disorders[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,2015,110:77-85.
[14]Xie X B,Zhao J,Wang Y.Initiation of ripening capacity in1-MCP treated green and red‘Anjou’pears and associated expression of genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and perception following cold storage and post-storage ethylene conditioning[J],Postharvest Biology and Technology,2016,111:140-149.
[15]Lim S,HAN S H,Kim J,et al,Inhibition of hardy kiwifruit(Actinidia aruguta)ripening by 1-methylcyclopropene during cold storage and anticancer properties of the fruit extract[J].Food Chemistry,2016,190(1):150-157.
[16]Zhu X Y,Shen L,Fu D W,et al.Effects of the combination treatment of 1-MCP and ethylene on the ripening of harvested banana fruit[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,2015,107:23-32.
[17]Amornputti S,Ketsa S,van Doorn W G.Effect of1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)on storage life of durian fruit[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,2014,97(3):111-114.
[18]韩英群,郭丹,魏鑫,等.果实采后软化生理机制及调控技术研究进展[J].北方园艺,2017(5):180-183.
[19]Tao S C,Chu H L,Chen X M,et al.Study of the effects of1-MCP to blueberry under cold storage[C]//Sivakumar Manickam.IOP Conference Series:Earth and Environmental Science 61.Bristol,UK:IOP Publishing Ltd,2017:012041.
[20]Sharma S,Pareek S,Sagar N A,et al.Modulatory effects of exogenously applied polyamines on postharvest physiology,antioxidant system and shelf life of fruits:A Review[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2017,18(8):1-18.
[21]张望舒.杨梅果实采后特性与抗氧化活性研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2007.
[22]钟秋珍,林旗华,张泽煌.福建主栽杨梅品种贮藏性初步研究[J].中国南方果树,2014,43(6):87-89,99.
[23]张梅坤.低温保鲜处理对东魁杨梅果实的影响[J].福建林业科技,2018,45(2):68-72.
[24]汪开拓,廖云霞,阚建全,等.杨梅采后低温贮藏期间蔗糖代谢酶活性与果实花色苷合成关系的研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,36(12):1-7.
[25]张洁.不同处理对杨梅果实保鲜效果的研究[D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2012.