顶板岩石失稳破坏电位临界慢化特征实验研究
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摘要
为研究顶板岩石失稳破坏过程中表面电位信号的临界慢化特征,对顶板岩样进行了受载破坏实验,测试并采集了岩样受载过程中的表面电位信号。运用临界慢化理论计算并分析了电位信号-时间序列的方差和自相关系数。结果表明,岩样受载破坏过程中的表面电位变化与载荷及应变具有良好的对应关系;岩样受载过程中的表面电位信号存在临界慢化现象,电位信号的方差和自相关系数在岩样主破裂前均出现了急剧增大并持续增加的趋势,可作为预示岩样破坏的前兆信号;不同的窗口长度、滞后步长对表征电位信号临界慢化现象的自相关系数、方差的稳定性及变化趋势有影响;方差相比于自相关系数,更能有效预示岩样趋于失稳破坏的临界点。
In order to study critical slowing down characteristics of surface electric potential(EP)before unstable failure of roof rocks,loading failure experiment of rock specimens was carried out,the surface EP signal of rocks was collected in loading process.Based on theory of critical slowing down,variance and autocorrelation coefficient of the potential signal time sequence were calculated and analyzed.The analysis results are as follows:there is a good correspondence between the change of surfacepotential,the load and strain during the whole loading process;EP signal of rock has the phenomenon of critical slowing down in the loading process,the variance and autocorrelation coefficient of EP has sudden increase and continuously increasing trend before the main rupture,it can be used as a precursory signal to indicate unstable failure of rocks;the different window lengths and lagging steps affect the volatility stability and variation tendency of autocorrelation coefficient and variance of EP signal;compared with autocorrelation coefficient,variance is more effective for prediction of the critical failure point of the rock specimens.
In order to study critical slowing down characteristics of surface electric potential(EP)before unstable failure of roof rocks,loading failure experiment of rock specimens was carried out,the surface EP signal of rocks was collected in loading process.Based on theory of critical slowing down,variance and autocorrelation coefficient of the potential signal time sequence were calculated and analyzed.The analysis results are as follows:there is a good correspondence between the change of surfacepotential,the load and strain during the whole loading process;EP signal of rock has the phenomenon of critical slowing down in the loading process,the variance and autocorrelation coefficient of EP has sudden increase and continuously increasing trend before the main rupture,it can be used as a precursory signal to indicate unstable failure of rocks;the different window lengths and lagging steps affect the volatility stability and variation tendency of autocorrelation coefficient and variance of EP signal;compared with autocorrelation coefficient,variance is more effective for prediction of the critical failure point of the rock specimens.
引文
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[2]谢和平,高峰,鞠杨.深部岩体力学研究与探索[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(11):2161-2178.XIE Heping,GAO Feng,JU Yang.Research and development of rock mechanics in deep ground engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics&Engineering,2015,34(11):2161-2178.
[3]ECCLES D,SAMMONDS P R,CLINT O C.Laboratory studies of electrical potential during rock failure[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2005,42(7):933-949.
[4]李忠辉,王恩元,刘贞堂,等.煤岩破坏表面电位特征规律研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2009,38(2):187-192.LI Zhonghui,WANG Enyuan,LIU Zhentang,et al.Study on characteristics and rules of surface potential during coal fracture[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2009,38(2):187-192.
[5]王恩元,李忠辉,刘贞堂,等.受载煤体表面电位效应的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(5):1318-1325.WANG Enyuan,LI Zhonghui,LIU Zhentang,et al.Experimental study on surface potential effect of coal under load[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(5):1318-1325.
[6]李忠辉,王恩元,何学秋.煤岩破坏表面电位效应理论与机制研究[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2013.
[7]潘一山,赵扬锋,李国臻.冲击地压预测的电荷感应技术及其应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(增刊2):3988-3993.PAN Yishan,ZHAO Yangfeng,LI Guozhen.Charge-induced technique of rockburst prediction and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics&Engineering,2012,31(S2):3988-3993.
[8]NIU Y,LI Z,KONG B,et al.Similar simulation study on the characteristics of electric potential response to coal mining[J].Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,2017,15(1):42.
[9]郑文红,潘一山,李忠华,等.三轴条件下煤体受压破裂电荷感应信号试验研究[J].工程地质学报,2015,23(5):924-929.ZHENG Wenhong,PAN Yishan,LI Zhonghua,et al.Experimental study of characteristics about coal charge induction signal under triaxial stress condition[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2015,23(5):924-929.
[10]TRIANTIS D,VALLIANATOS F,STAVRAKAS I,et al.Relaxation phenomena of electrical signal emissions from rock following application of abrupt mechanical stress[J].Annals of Geophysics,2012,55(1):207-212.
[11]高丽娟,杨又陵,刘建明,等.新疆2次中强地震前的临界慢化现象研究[J].内陆地震,2013,27(4):311-318.GAO Lijuan,YANG Youling,LIU Jianming,et al.Research on critical slowing down precursor before two moderate earthquakes in Xinjiang[J].Inland Earthquake,2013,27(4):311-318.
[12]晏锐,蒋长胜,张浪平.汶川8.0级地震前水氡浓度的临界慢化现象研究[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(7):1817-1826.YAN Rui,JIANG Changsheng,ZHANG Langping.Study on critical slowing down phenomenon of radon concentrations in water before the Wenchuan M_s 8.0earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2011,54(7):1817-1826.
[13]吴浩,侯威,颜鹏程,等.基于临界慢化现象的气候突变前兆信号的初步研究[J].物理学报,2012,61(20):561-569.WU Hao,HOU Wei,YAN Pengcheng,et al.The preliminary research about the precursory signals of abrupt climate change based on critical slowing down phenomenon[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2012,61(20):561-569.
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[15]KONG X,WANG E,HU S,et al.Critical slowing down on acoustic emission characteristics of coal containing methane[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science&Engineering,2015,24:156-165.
[16]于渌,郝柏林.相变和临界现象[M].北京:科学出版社,1984.
[17]VAN NES E H,SCHEFFER M.Slow recovery from perturbations as a generic indicator of a nearby catastrophic shift[J].American Naturalist,2007,169(6):738-747.
[18]OVASKAINEN O,HANSKI I.Transient dynamics in metapopulation response to perturbation[J].Theoretical Population Biology,2002,61(3):285-295.
[19]SCHEFFER M,BASCOMPTE J,BROCK W A,et al.Early-warning signals for critical transitions[J].Nature,2009,461(7260):53-59.
[20]陈亮.掘进工作面煤与瓦斯突出实时监测预警技术研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2016.