多模式固态量子存储
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摘要
量子存储器是光子与物质系统之间的接口,允许存入和读出加载了量子信息的光子,是构建实用化量子网络的核心器件.基于稀土掺杂晶体可以实现固态的量子存储器,较长的相干时间和较宽的存储带宽使其成为目前最有潜力的量子物理系统之一.本文综述近年来基于稀土掺杂晶体的多模式固态量子存储方面的实验进展.主要内容包括频率自由度的多模式量子存储、时间自由度的多模式量子存储、空间自由度的多模式量子存储和多个自由度并行复用的多模式量子存储.在多自由度复用的多模式存储的基础上进一步介绍基于量子存储器的量子模式变换和实时的任意操作.该系列工作为构建高速率的实用化量子网络奠定基础,其中超越存储器本身的脉冲操作功能还有望在未来量子信息处理过程中获得广泛的应用.
The faithful storage and coherent manipulation of single photon state in a matter-system are crucial for linear-optical quantum computation,long-distance quantum communication,and quantum networking.To reach useful data rate in a large-scale quantum network,highly multimode quantum memories are required to build a multiplexed quantum repeater.Rare-earth-ion doped crystal(REIC)is very promising material as a candidate for multimode quantum storage due to the wide inhomogeneous broadening and long optical coherence time.In this article,we review the recent advances in multimode quantum memories based on REICs.First,we briefly introduce the properties of REIC and the atomic frequency comb protocol based on REIC.Next,we review the achievements of multimode quantum memories based on REIC in recent years,including frequency,temporal and spatial multimode storage.Afterwards,we review our experimental work on multiplexed storage based on a multiple degree-of-freedom quantum memory.Finally,we introduce the quantum mode converter and real-time arbitrary manipulations based on the multiple degree-of-freedom quantum memory.The combination of storage and real-time manipulation in a device should enable the construction of a versatility quantum repeater.This review highlights that multimode quantum memories based on REIC can be found to possess some practical applications in developing the optical quantum information processing in the near future.
The faithful storage and coherent manipulation of single photon state in a matter-system are crucial for linear-optical quantum computation,long-distance quantum communication,and quantum networking.To reach useful data rate in a large-scale quantum network,highly multimode quantum memories are required to build a multiplexed quantum repeater.Rare-earth-ion doped crystal(REIC)is very promising material as a candidate for multimode quantum storage due to the wide inhomogeneous broadening and long optical coherence time.In this article,we review the recent advances in multimode quantum memories based on REICs.First,we briefly introduce the properties of REIC and the atomic frequency comb protocol based on REIC.Next,we review the achievements of multimode quantum memories based on REIC in recent years,including frequency,temporal and spatial multimode storage.Afterwards,we review our experimental work on multiplexed storage based on a multiple degree-of-freedom quantum memory.Finally,we introduce the quantum mode converter and real-time arbitrary manipulations based on the multiple degree-of-freedom quantum memory.The combination of storage and real-time manipulation in a device should enable the construction of a versatility quantum repeater.This review highlights that multimode quantum memories based on REIC can be found to possess some practical applications in developing the optical quantum information processing in the near future.
引文
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[57]Knill E,Laflamme R,Milburn G J 2001 Nature 409 46
[2]Lvovsky A I,Sanders B C,Tittel W 2009 Nat.Photon.3 706
[3]Heshami K,England D G,Humphreys P C,Bustard P J,Acosta V M,Nunn J,Sussman B J 2016 J.Mod.Opt.632005
[4]Zhou Z Q,Huelga S F,Li C F,Guo G C 2015 Phys.Rev.Lett.115 113002
[5]Sangouard M,Simon C,de Riedmatten H,Gisin N 2011 Rev.Mod.Phys.83 33
[6]Briegel H J,Dur W,Cirac J I,Zoller P 1998 Phys.Rev.Lett.81 5932
[7]Wehner S,Elkouss D,Hanson R 2018 Science 362 9288
[8]Collins O A,Jenkins S D,Kuzmich A,Kennedy T A B 2007Phys.Rev.Lett.98 060502
[9]Simon C,de Riedmatten H,Afzelius M,Sangouard N,Zbinden H,Gisin N 2007 Phys.Rev.Lett.98 190503
[10]Usmani I,Afzelius M,de Riedmatten H,Gisin N 2010 Nat.Commun.1 12
[11]Tang J S,Zhou Z Q,Wang Y T,Li Y L,Liu X,Hua Y L,Zou Y,Wang S,He D Y,Chen G,Sun Y N,Yu Y,Li M F,Zha G W,Ni H Q,Niu Z C,Li C F,Guo G C 2015 Nat.Commun.6 8652
[12]Sinclair N,Saglamyurek E,Mallahzadeh H,Slater J A,George M,Ricken R,Hedges M P,Oblak D,Simon C,Sohler W,Tittel W 2014 Phys.Rev.Lett.113 053603
[13]Zhou Z Q,Hua Y L,Liu X,Chen G,Xu J S,Han Y J,Guo G C 2015 Phys.Rev.Lett.115 070502
[14]Yang T S,Zhou Z Q,Hua Y L,Liu X,Li Z F,Li P Y,Ma Y,Liu C,Liang P J,Li X,Xiao Y X,Hu J,Li C F,Guo G C2018 Nat.Commun.9 3407
[15]Zhou Z Q,Li C F 2013 Chin.Sci.Bull.58 287(in Chinese)[周宗权,李传锋2013科学通报58 287]
[16]Liu G,Jacquier B 2005 Spectroscopic Properties of Rare Earths in Optical Materials(Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,Springer Press)pp11-126
[17]Zhong M,Hedges M P,Ahlefeldt R L,Bartholomew J G,Beavan S E,Wittig S M,Longdell J J,Sellars M J 2015 Nature 517 177
[18]Zhou Z Q 2015 Ph.D.Dissertation(Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China)(in Chinese)[周宗权2015博士学位论文(合肥:中国科学技术大学)]
[19]Saglamyurek E,Sinclair N,Jin J,Slater J A,Oblak D,Bussières F,George M,Ricken R,Sohler W,Tittel W 2011Nature 469 512
[20]Seri A,Corrielli G,Lago-Rivera D,Lenhard A,de Riedmatten H,Osellame R,Mazzera M 2018 Optica 5 934
[21]Afzelius M,Simon C,de Riedmatten H,Gisin N 2009 Phys.Rev.A 79 052329
[22]de Riedmatten H,Afzelius M,Staudt M U,Simon C,Gisin N2008 Nature 456 773
[23]Bonarota M,Gou?t J L L,Chanelière T 2011 New J.Phys.13013013
[24]Tiranov A,Strassmann P C,Lavoie J,Brunner N,Huber M,Verma V B,Nam S W,Mirin R P,Lita A E,Marsili F,Afzelius M,Bussières F,Gisin N 2016 Phys.Rev.Lett.117240506
[25]Müller M,Bounouar S,J?ns K D,Gl?ssl M,Michler F 2014Nat.Photon.8 224
[26]Zhou Z Q,Lin W B,Yang M,Li C F,Guo G C 2012 Phys.Rev.Lett.108 190505
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[28]Morse K J,Abraham R J S,DeAbreu A,Bowness C,Richards T S,Riemann H,Abrosimov N V,Becker P,Pohl HJ,Thewalt M L W,Simmons S 2017 Sci.Adv.3 e1700930
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[30]Jobez P,Laplane C,Timoney N,Gisin N,Ferrier A,Goldner P,Afzelius M 2015 Phys.Rev.Lett.114 230502
[31]Jobez P,Timoney N,Laplane C,Etesse J,Ferrier A,Goldner P,Gisin N,Afzelius M 2016 Phys.Rev.A 93 032327
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[33]Allen L,Beijersbergen M W,Spreeuw R J C,Woerdman J P1992 Phys.Rev.A 45 8185
[34]Collins D,Gisin N,Linden N,Massar S,Popescu S 2002Phys.Rev.Lett.88 040404
[35]O’Brien J L,Pryde G J,Gilchrist A,James D F V,Langford N K,Ralph T C,White A G 2004 Phys.Rev.Lett.93 080502
[36]Hua Y L,Zhou Z Q,Li C F,Guo G C 2018 Chin.Phys.B 27020303
[37]Barreiro J T,Wei T C,Kwiat P G 2008 Nat.Phys.4 282
[38]Hosseini M,Sparkes B M,Gabriel H,Longdell J J,Lam P K,Buchler B C 2009 Nature 461 241
[39]Saglamyurek E,Sinclair N,Slater J A,Heshami K,Oblak D,Tittel W 2014 New J.Phys.16 065019
[40]Reim K F,Nunn J,Jin X M,Michelberger P S,Champion TF M,England D G,Lee K C,Kolthammer W S,Langford NK,Walmsley I A 2012 Phys.Rev.Lett.108 263602
[41]Motes K R,Gilchrist A,Dowling J P,Rohde P P 2014 Phys.Rev.Lett.113 120501
[42]Motes K R,Dowling J P,Gilchrist A,Rohde P P 2015 Phys.Rev.A 92 052319
[43]Ahlefeldt R L,Zhong M,Bartholomew J,Sellars M 2013 J.Lumin.143 193
[44]Ahlefeldt R L,Hush M R,Sellars M J 2016 Phys.Rev.Lett.117 250504
[45]Ahlefeldt R L,Hutchison W,Manson N,Sellars M J 2013Phys.Rev.B 88 184424
[46]Ma Y,Zhou Z Q,Han Y J,Liu C,Yang T S,Tu T,Xiao YX,Liang P J,Li P Y,Hua Y L,Liu X,Li Z F,Hu J,Li X,Li C F,Guo G C 2018 J.Lumin.202 32
[47]Zhong T,Kindem J M,Bartholomew J G,Rochman J,Craiciu I,Miyazono E,Bettinelli M,Cavalli E,Verma V,Nam S W,Marsili F,Shaw M D,Beyer A D,Faraon A 2017Science 357 1392
[48]Zhong T,Kindem J M,Miyazono E,Faraon A 2015 Nat.Commun.6 8206
[49]Hedges M P,Longdell J J,Li Y,Sellars M J 2010 Nature 4651052
[50]Liu X,Zhou Z Q,Hua Y L,Li C F,Guo G C 2017 Phys.Rev.A 95 012319
[51]Morton J J,M?lmer K 2015 Nature 517 153
[52]Timoney N,Usmani I,Jobez P,Afzelius M,Gisin N 2013Phys.Rev.A 88 022324
[53]Gündo?an M,Ledingham P M,Kutluer K,Mazzera M,de Riedmatten H 2015 Phys.Rev.Lett.114 230501
[54]Humphrey P C,Metcalf B J,Spring J B,Moore M,Jin X M,Barbieri M,Kolthammer W S,Walmsley I A 2013 Phys.Rev.Lett.111 150501
[55]Kutluer K,Mazzera M,de Riedmatten H 2017 Phys.Rev.Lett.118 210502
[56]Laplane C,Jobez P,Etesse J,Gisin N,Afzelius M 2017 Phys.Rev.Lett.118 210501
[57]Knill E,Laflamme R,Milburn G J 2001 Nature 409 46