撞击式油茶果破壳装置的设计及试验
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摘要
针对撞击式油茶果破壳装置破壳率低和碎籽率高的问题,设计了一种破壳装置。该装置由破壳组件、加料装置、动力及驱动装置、机架等组成。破壳组件主要包括外壳体、转子、叶轮,三者同轴安装,形成破壳空腔,利用转子和叶轮的高速旋转,使油茶果与转子及外壳体内壁发生撞击完成破壳。在运动过程中确保足够大的撞击力从而提高破壳率,采用圆弧面导料板可有效降低碎籽率。以油茶果含水率、主轴转速和导料板安装角度为影响因素,以破壳率和碎籽率为评价指标,对破壳装置进行L_9(3~4)正交试验,结果,当油茶果含水率约为60%、主轴转速为425 r/min、导料板安装角度为75°时,破壳率可达95.37%,碎籽率可降至4.27%。
Aiming at the problem of low shelling rate and high seed-breaking rate of the impact shelling device for Camellia oleifera fruit, a shell-breaking device was designed, which consists of a shelling component, a feeding device, power and driving device, and a frame. The shelling component mainly comprises an outer casing, a rotor and an impeller, which are coaxially mounted to form a broken shell cavity. The Camellia oleifera fruit were accelerated by the rotor and the impeller rotating with high speed and broken by impacting with the rotor, the outer shell and the inner wall. In the working process, sufficient impact force is ensured to increase the shelling rate, and the arc-shaped guide plate is used to effectively reduce the seed-breaking rate. Take the moisture content of Camellia oleifera fruit, the spindle speed and the installation angle of the guide plate as the influencing factors. The shelling rate and seed-breaking rate were used as evaluation indicators to obtain the best combination parameters. The test results showed that when the water content of the Camellia oleifera fruit is about 60%, the spindle speed is 425 r/min, and the guide plate installation angle is 75°, the shelling rate was up to 95.37% with the lowest seed-breaking rate of 4.27%.
Aiming at the problem of low shelling rate and high seed-breaking rate of the impact shelling device for Camellia oleifera fruit, a shell-breaking device was designed, which consists of a shelling component, a feeding device, power and driving device, and a frame. The shelling component mainly comprises an outer casing, a rotor and an impeller, which are coaxially mounted to form a broken shell cavity. The Camellia oleifera fruit were accelerated by the rotor and the impeller rotating with high speed and broken by impacting with the rotor, the outer shell and the inner wall. In the working process, sufficient impact force is ensured to increase the shelling rate, and the arc-shaped guide plate is used to effectively reduce the seed-breaking rate. Take the moisture content of Camellia oleifera fruit, the spindle speed and the installation angle of the guide plate as the influencing factors. The shelling rate and seed-breaking rate were used as evaluation indicators to obtain the best combination parameters. The test results showed that when the water content of the Camellia oleifera fruit is about 60%, the spindle speed is 425 r/min, and the guide plate installation angle is 75°, the shelling rate was up to 95.37% with the lowest seed-breaking rate of 4.27%.
引文
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[6]吕小莲,吕小荣,张孝琼.坚果剥壳机具的研究现状与分析[J].食品工业科技,2011(8):485–488.
[7]宋建双,刘翠红,刘洪旭,等.坚果剥壳方法的研究与应用现状[J].农业科技与装备,2014(6):42–43.
[8]郭贵生,吕新民,郭康权,等.油菜籽脱壳机脱壳性能试验研究[J].农业机械学报,2005,36(1):148–149,154.
[9]唐湘,谢方平,李旭,等.油茶果脱壳装置设计及试验[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,40(6):665–668.
[10]濮良贵,陈国定,吴立言.机械设计[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2013.
[11]卢斌,姚文华,卢世品,等.“常德铁城一号”等油茶品种特性与采摘期研究[J].湖南林业科技,2012,39(5):68–71.
[12]蓝峰,崔勇,苏子昊,等.油茶果脱壳清选机的研制与试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(15):33–39.
[13]李云雁,胡传荣.实验设计与数据处理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2008.
[14]朱广飞,任嘉嘉,王振,等.油茶果脱壳机的设计与工作参数优化[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(7):19–27.
[15]胡春水,王金元,熊芳.提高采后油茶果出油率的研究[J].浙江林学院学报,1999(4):64–68.
[16]王亚萍,费学谦,王开良,等.油茶果采后处理方式对油茶籽油品质的影响[J].中国油脂,2013,38(9):14–16.
[17]黄佳聪,阚欢,万晓军,等.腾冲红花油茶果实成熟度及堆沤处理对油产量及其品质的影响[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(5):612–615.