不同饵料和饥饿对魁蚶幼虫生长和存活的影响
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摘要
在水温23.2—24.0℃,盐度29.5—30.0条件下,研究了5种单胞藻饵料和饥饿对魁蚶浮游幼虫生长与存活的影响。投喂不同饵料试验中,球等鞭金藻与4种单胞藻混合投喂试验组幼虫的特定生长率、眼点幼虫比例和壳长均显著高于单一投喂试验组,其中球等鞭金藻与小球藻混合投喂的效果最好;投喂单一饵料试验中,球等鞭金藻组幼虫的生长、眼点幼虫比例与存活率显著高于其它试验组。在饥饿试验中,不同饥饿天数条件下幼虫的存活率差异不显著;生长方面,饥饿1—2d较短时间与一直投喂对照组的幼虫相比较,特定生长率、眼点幼虫比例、壳长的差异不显著,但随着饥饿时间延长,幼虫的生长变慢且眼点幼虫比例下降,一直饥饿情况下幼虫的生长基本停滞。研究结果可以为魁蚶人工苗种繁育技术的改进提供参考依据。
Effects of diet and starvation on growth and survival of Scapharca broughtonii larvae were studied in two experiments by feeding the larvae with different algae diets and by starving the larvae for different periods of time.Ten days old larvae of S.broughtonii were fed with five different marine microalgae species,singly and in various mixtures.Both faster growth and higher eyespot larvae ratio were found in diets of Isochrysis galbana mixed with other four single species than in those of single species.Growth of the mixtures tested was in the order of 50% I.galbana/50% Chlorella sp.>50% I.galbana/50% Platymonas subcordiformis>50% I.galbana /50% Chaetoceros muelleri>50% I.galbana/50% Nitzschia closterium.Of the single species diets,best growth and survival was observed in larvae fed with I.galbana,and which was similar to those of larvae fede with the mixture of 50% I.galbana / 50% Nitzschia closterium.At 23.2—24.0 ℃,larvae of S.broughtonii were deprived of food for various days to study the growth compensation from the outset of experiment.The results showed that starvation had significant effects on growth,though S.broughtonii larvae could survive long feeding delays.These results suggested that S.broughtonii larvae had the abiliity to survive 'starvation' using alternative sources of energy.It also showed that growth,survival and metamorphosis of S.broughtonii were affected by many factors besides food quality and quantity.
Effects of diet and starvation on growth and survival of Scapharca broughtonii larvae were studied in two experiments by feeding the larvae with different algae diets and by starving the larvae for different periods of time.Ten days old larvae of S.broughtonii were fed with five different marine microalgae species,singly and in various mixtures.Both faster growth and higher eyespot larvae ratio were found in diets of Isochrysis galbana mixed with other four single species than in those of single species.Growth of the mixtures tested was in the order of 50% I.galbana/50% Chlorella sp.>50% I.galbana/50% Platymonas subcordiformis>50% I.galbana /50% Chaetoceros muelleri>50% I.galbana/50% Nitzschia closterium.Of the single species diets,best growth and survival was observed in larvae fed with I.galbana,and which was similar to those of larvae fede with the mixture of 50% I.galbana / 50% Nitzschia closterium.At 23.2—24.0 ℃,larvae of S.broughtonii were deprived of food for various days to study the growth compensation from the outset of experiment.The results showed that starvation had significant effects on growth,though S.broughtonii larvae could survive long feeding delays.These results suggested that S.broughtonii larvae had the abiliity to survive 'starvation' using alternative sources of energy.It also showed that growth,survival and metamorphosis of S.broughtonii were affected by many factors besides food quality and quantity.
引文
[1]Wang R C,Wang Z P.Marine Shellfish Aquaculture.Qingdao:Ocean University of China Press,2008:362.
[2]Wang Z C,Zhang G F,Gao Y M,Zhang C Y.The Effects of temperature and foods on the development of gonad of the blood cockle,Arca inflata.Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,1987(2):1-10.
[3]Chen J M,Wang E M,Li H.The effects of some chemical factors on the larvae and adults of Scapharca broughtonii(Schrenek).Oceanologia etLimnologia Sinica,1989,20(1):15-22.
[4]Qiu X Y,Guo X W,Wang J.Large scale hatching of S.broughtonii.Marine Fisheries Research,1994(15):71-78.
[5]Qiu X Y,Wang J,Guo X W,Tang Q S.Study on mid-culture of Scapharca broughtonii.Marine Fisheries Research,1994(15):87-96.
[6]Tang Q S,Qiu X Y,Wang J,Guo X W,Yang A G.Resource enhancement of ark shell(Scapharca(Anadara)broughtonii)in Shandong offshore waters.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,1994,5(4):396-402.
[7]Marshall R,McKinley S,Pearce C M.Effects of nutrition on larval growth and survival in bivalves.Reviews in Aquaculture,2010,2(1):33-55.
[8]Jiang M X,Zheng Y Z.Total lipid and fatty acid composition of14species of microalgae.Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2003,27(3):243-247.
[9]Pettersen A K,Turchini G M,Jahangard S,Ingram B A,Sherman C D H.Effects of different dietary microalgae on survival,growth,settlement and fatty acid composition of blue mussel(Mytilus galloprovincialis)larvae.Aquaculture,2010,309(1):115-124.
[10]Liu W,Pearce C M,Alabi A O,Gurney-Smith H.Effects of microalgal diets on the growth and survival of larvae and post-larvae of the basket cockle,Clinocardium nuttallii.Aquaculture,2009,293(3):248-254.
[11]Rico-Villa B,Le Coz J R,Mingant C,Robert R.Influence of phytoplankton diet mixtures on microalgae consumption,larval development and settlement of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas(Thunberg).Aquaculture,2006,256(1):377-388.
[12]Tang B,Liu B,Wang G,Zhang T,Xiang J.Effects of various algal diets and starvation on larval growth and survival of Meretrix meretrix.Aquaculture,2006,254(1):526-533.
[13]Yan X,Zhang G,Yang F.Effects of diet,stocking density,and environmental factors on growth,survival,and metamorphosis of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum larvae.Aquaculture,2006,253(1):350-358.
[14]Southgate P C,Beer A C,Duncan P F,Tamburri R.Assessment of the nutritional value of three species of tropical microalgae,dried Tetraselmis and a yeast-based diet for larvae of the blacklip pearl oyster,Pinctada margaritifera(L.).Aquaculture,1998,162(3):247-257.
[15]Ben Kheder R,Quere C,Moal J,Robert R.Effect of nutrition on Crassostrea gigas larval development and the evolution of physiological indices:Part B:Effects of temporary food deprivation.Aquaculture,2010,308(3/4):174-182.
[16]Moran A L,Manahan D T.Physiological recovery from prolonged‘starvation’in larvae of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2004,306(1):17-36.
[17]Labarta U,Fernández-Reiriz M J,Pérez-Camacho A.Larvae of Ostrea edulis(L.)during starvation:growth,energy and biochemical substrates.Hydrobiologia,1999,405:125-131.
[18]Sun Z W,Zheng H P,Zhang T,Liu H L,Li Y Y,Chen W Z.Effects of low temperatures and starvation on larval growth and survival of noble scallop Chlamys nobilis Reeve.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(1):1-6.
[19]Yang F,Zhang Y H,Yan X W,Zhang G F.Effects of starvation and refeeding on larval growth,survival,and metamorphosis of clam Cyclina sinensis.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(5):2052-2059.
[20]Zheng H P,Zhou S Q,Ke C H,Li F X.Effect of starvation on survival,growth and metamorphosis for larvae of Babylomia formosae habei.Journal of Fisheries of China,2000,24(6):510-515.
[21]Manahan D T.Adaptations by invertebrate larvae for nutrient acquisition from seawater.American Zoologist,1990,30(1):147-160.
[22]Gomme J.Transport of exogenous organic substances by invertebrate integuments:the field revisited.Journal of Experimental Zoology,2001,289(4):254-265.
[23]Gallager S M,Waterbury J B,Stoecker D K.Efficient grazing and utilization of the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp.by larvae of the bivalve Mercenaria mercenaria.Marine Biology,1994,119(2):251-259.
[1]王如才,王昭萍.海水贝类养殖学.青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2008:362.
[2]王子臣,张国范,高悦勉,张超洋.温度和饵料对魁蚶性腺发育的影响.大连水产学院学报,1987(2):1-10.
[3]陈觉民,王恩明,李何.海水中某些化学因子对魁蚶幼虫、稚贝及成体的影响.海洋与湖沼,1989,20(1):15-22.
[4]邱显寅,郭学武,王俊.魁蚶工厂化育苗技术.海洋水产研究,1994(15):71-78.
[5]邱显寅,王俊,郭学武,唐启升.魁蚶中间育成试验研究.海洋水产研究,1994(15):87-96.
[6]唐启升,邱显寅,王俊,郭学武,杨爱国.山东近海魁蚶资源增殖的研究.应用生态学报,1994,5(4):396-402.
[8]蒋霞敏,郑亦周.14种微藻总脂含量和脂肪酸组成研究.水生生物学报,2003,27(3):243-247.
[18]孙泽伟,郑怀平,张涛,刘合露,李远友,陈伟洲.低温和饥饿对华贵栉孔扇贝幼虫生长和存活的影响.生态学报,2010,30(1):1-6.
[19]杨凤,张跃环,闫喜武,张国范.饥饿和再投喂对青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)幼虫生长,存活及变态的影响.生态学报,2008,28(5):2052-2059.
[20]郑怀平,周时强,柯才焕,李复雪.饥饿对波部东风螺幼虫存活、生长及变态的影响.水产学报,2000,24(6):510-515.
[2]Wang Z C,Zhang G F,Gao Y M,Zhang C Y.The Effects of temperature and foods on the development of gonad of the blood cockle,Arca inflata.Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,1987(2):1-10.
[3]Chen J M,Wang E M,Li H.The effects of some chemical factors on the larvae and adults of Scapharca broughtonii(Schrenek).Oceanologia etLimnologia Sinica,1989,20(1):15-22.
[4]Qiu X Y,Guo X W,Wang J.Large scale hatching of S.broughtonii.Marine Fisheries Research,1994(15):71-78.
[5]Qiu X Y,Wang J,Guo X W,Tang Q S.Study on mid-culture of Scapharca broughtonii.Marine Fisheries Research,1994(15):87-96.
[6]Tang Q S,Qiu X Y,Wang J,Guo X W,Yang A G.Resource enhancement of ark shell(Scapharca(Anadara)broughtonii)in Shandong offshore waters.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,1994,5(4):396-402.
[7]Marshall R,McKinley S,Pearce C M.Effects of nutrition on larval growth and survival in bivalves.Reviews in Aquaculture,2010,2(1):33-55.
[8]Jiang M X,Zheng Y Z.Total lipid and fatty acid composition of14species of microalgae.Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2003,27(3):243-247.
[9]Pettersen A K,Turchini G M,Jahangard S,Ingram B A,Sherman C D H.Effects of different dietary microalgae on survival,growth,settlement and fatty acid composition of blue mussel(Mytilus galloprovincialis)larvae.Aquaculture,2010,309(1):115-124.
[10]Liu W,Pearce C M,Alabi A O,Gurney-Smith H.Effects of microalgal diets on the growth and survival of larvae and post-larvae of the basket cockle,Clinocardium nuttallii.Aquaculture,2009,293(3):248-254.
[11]Rico-Villa B,Le Coz J R,Mingant C,Robert R.Influence of phytoplankton diet mixtures on microalgae consumption,larval development and settlement of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas(Thunberg).Aquaculture,2006,256(1):377-388.
[12]Tang B,Liu B,Wang G,Zhang T,Xiang J.Effects of various algal diets and starvation on larval growth and survival of Meretrix meretrix.Aquaculture,2006,254(1):526-533.
[13]Yan X,Zhang G,Yang F.Effects of diet,stocking density,and environmental factors on growth,survival,and metamorphosis of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum larvae.Aquaculture,2006,253(1):350-358.
[14]Southgate P C,Beer A C,Duncan P F,Tamburri R.Assessment of the nutritional value of three species of tropical microalgae,dried Tetraselmis and a yeast-based diet for larvae of the blacklip pearl oyster,Pinctada margaritifera(L.).Aquaculture,1998,162(3):247-257.
[15]Ben Kheder R,Quere C,Moal J,Robert R.Effect of nutrition on Crassostrea gigas larval development and the evolution of physiological indices:Part B:Effects of temporary food deprivation.Aquaculture,2010,308(3/4):174-182.
[16]Moran A L,Manahan D T.Physiological recovery from prolonged‘starvation’in larvae of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2004,306(1):17-36.
[17]Labarta U,Fernández-Reiriz M J,Pérez-Camacho A.Larvae of Ostrea edulis(L.)during starvation:growth,energy and biochemical substrates.Hydrobiologia,1999,405:125-131.
[18]Sun Z W,Zheng H P,Zhang T,Liu H L,Li Y Y,Chen W Z.Effects of low temperatures and starvation on larval growth and survival of noble scallop Chlamys nobilis Reeve.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(1):1-6.
[19]Yang F,Zhang Y H,Yan X W,Zhang G F.Effects of starvation and refeeding on larval growth,survival,and metamorphosis of clam Cyclina sinensis.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(5):2052-2059.
[20]Zheng H P,Zhou S Q,Ke C H,Li F X.Effect of starvation on survival,growth and metamorphosis for larvae of Babylomia formosae habei.Journal of Fisheries of China,2000,24(6):510-515.
[21]Manahan D T.Adaptations by invertebrate larvae for nutrient acquisition from seawater.American Zoologist,1990,30(1):147-160.
[22]Gomme J.Transport of exogenous organic substances by invertebrate integuments:the field revisited.Journal of Experimental Zoology,2001,289(4):254-265.
[23]Gallager S M,Waterbury J B,Stoecker D K.Efficient grazing and utilization of the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp.by larvae of the bivalve Mercenaria mercenaria.Marine Biology,1994,119(2):251-259.
[1]王如才,王昭萍.海水贝类养殖学.青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2008:362.
[2]王子臣,张国范,高悦勉,张超洋.温度和饵料对魁蚶性腺发育的影响.大连水产学院学报,1987(2):1-10.
[3]陈觉民,王恩明,李何.海水中某些化学因子对魁蚶幼虫、稚贝及成体的影响.海洋与湖沼,1989,20(1):15-22.
[4]邱显寅,郭学武,王俊.魁蚶工厂化育苗技术.海洋水产研究,1994(15):71-78.
[5]邱显寅,王俊,郭学武,唐启升.魁蚶中间育成试验研究.海洋水产研究,1994(15):87-96.
[6]唐启升,邱显寅,王俊,郭学武,杨爱国.山东近海魁蚶资源增殖的研究.应用生态学报,1994,5(4):396-402.
[8]蒋霞敏,郑亦周.14种微藻总脂含量和脂肪酸组成研究.水生生物学报,2003,27(3):243-247.
[18]孙泽伟,郑怀平,张涛,刘合露,李远友,陈伟洲.低温和饥饿对华贵栉孔扇贝幼虫生长和存活的影响.生态学报,2010,30(1):1-6.
[19]杨凤,张跃环,闫喜武,张国范.饥饿和再投喂对青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)幼虫生长,存活及变态的影响.生态学报,2008,28(5):2052-2059.
[20]郑怀平,周时强,柯才焕,李复雪.饥饿对波部东风螺幼虫存活、生长及变态的影响.水产学报,2000,24(6):510-515.