腐殖酸和生物有机肥替代化肥对烤烟生长及品质的影响
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摘要
以延安市南泥湾烟田烤烟(‘延安1号’)为研究对象,通过田间试验研究施用腐殖酸肥或生物有机肥部分替代传统施肥(替代量分别为75 kg/hm2, 150 kg/hm~2和225 kg/hm~2)对烤烟农艺性状和品质的影响。结果表明:(1)腐殖酸肥替代处理总体上使烤烟团棵期株高和最大叶宽分别显著提高9.38%～10.22%和7.22%～21.12%,现蕾期有效叶片数显著增加1.58%～4.76%,圆顶期株高提高3.23%～4.35%;其同时显著提高上等烟叶(B2F和C3F)中还原糖、可溶性总糖、淀粉和烟碱含量,而总体上降低糖碱比。(2)生物有机肥替代处理使烤烟团棵期和圆顶期株高、最大叶长和最大叶宽显著提高,现蕾期有效叶片数和株高分别显著增加0.95%～9.52%和11.32%～13.96%;同时显著提高上等烟淀粉和烟碱含量,而总体上降低糖碱比。(3)相较而言,腐殖酸肥和生物有机肥替代处理分别对烤烟品质和农艺性状指标的影响更明显,综合考虑上述处理对两类指标的影响,腐殖酸肥以75 kg/hm~2替代处理效果最佳,生物有机肥以225 kg/hm~2替代处理效果最佳。本研究结果有助于在生产实践中降低烟田化肥用量,以改良其土壤性状、提高烟叶产量品质,为促进烤烟种植业可持续发展提供科学依据。
Takeing flue-cured tobacco('Yan'an No.1') of Nanniwan tobacco field in Yan'an as the object of study,the effects of partial replacement of traditional fertilization with bio-organic or humic acid fertilizer(The replacement quantities respectively are 75 kg/hm~2, 150 kg/hm~2 and 225 kg/hm~2) on agronomic traits and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied by field experiments. The results showed that humic acid fertilizer improved significantly the height and maximum leaf width in resetting stage, it increased 9.38%～10.22% and 7.22%～21.12%. In squaring stage, humic acid fertilizer improved productive leaves with 1.58% ～4.76%; In round top stage, humic acid fertilizer improved height with 3.23% ～4.35%; humic acid fertilizer improved significantly reducing sugar, total soluble sugar, amylum and nicotine, but in general, it decreased sugar-nicotine ratio. Bio-organic fertilizer improved significantly height, maximum leaf length and width in resetting stage and in round top stage; in squaring stage,humic acid fertilizer improved significantly productive leaves with 0.95% ～9.52% and improved height with11.32%～13.96%. Bio-organic fertilizer improved significantly amylum and nicotine, but in general, it decreased sugar-nicotine ratio. The application ratio of humic acid fertilizer is 75 kg/hm~2 and the application ratio of bio-organic fertilizer is 225 kg/hm~2, the quality character and agronomy character is better. The results of this study could provide scientific basis for reducing the application amount of chemical fertilizer during the plantation of tobacco, as well for improving the quality of soil of tobacco field and tobacco leaf and maintaining the sustainable development of the tobacco production.
Takeing flue-cured tobacco('Yan'an No.1') of Nanniwan tobacco field in Yan'an as the object of study,the effects of partial replacement of traditional fertilization with bio-organic or humic acid fertilizer(The replacement quantities respectively are 75 kg/hm~2, 150 kg/hm~2 and 225 kg/hm~2) on agronomic traits and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied by field experiments. The results showed that humic acid fertilizer improved significantly the height and maximum leaf width in resetting stage, it increased 9.38%～10.22% and 7.22%～21.12%. In squaring stage, humic acid fertilizer improved productive leaves with 1.58% ～4.76%; In round top stage, humic acid fertilizer improved height with 3.23% ～4.35%; humic acid fertilizer improved significantly reducing sugar, total soluble sugar, amylum and nicotine, but in general, it decreased sugar-nicotine ratio. Bio-organic fertilizer improved significantly height, maximum leaf length and width in resetting stage and in round top stage; in squaring stage,humic acid fertilizer improved significantly productive leaves with 0.95% ～9.52% and improved height with11.32%～13.96%. Bio-organic fertilizer improved significantly amylum and nicotine, but in general, it decreased sugar-nicotine ratio. The application ratio of humic acid fertilizer is 75 kg/hm~2 and the application ratio of bio-organic fertilizer is 225 kg/hm~2, the quality character and agronomy character is better. The results of this study could provide scientific basis for reducing the application amount of chemical fertilizer during the plantation of tobacco, as well for improving the quality of soil of tobacco field and tobacco leaf and maintaining the sustainable development of the tobacco production.
引文
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Ali I.,Qazi I.M.,Ahmed I.,Masroor S.,Khan M.U.,and Ullah S.,2015,Influence of salt and spices on the overall acceptability and preservation of tomato cubes,Pak.J.Food Sci.,25(3):125-136
Ao J.C.,Wang J.K.,Luo H.Y.,Zheng W.,and Zhang X.L.,2012,Effects of humic acid fertilizer on internal quality of flue-cured tobacco,Xibei Nongye Xuebao(Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica),21(11):101-107(敖金成,王俊科,罗华元,郑武,张晓龙,2012,腐殖酸肥对烤后烟叶内在品质的影响,西北农业学报,21(11):101-107)
Cai X.J.,Yang Y.F.,Ma Y.J.,Wei C.Y.,Wang W.C.,Li Y.F.,and Yin Q.S.,2008,Study on effect of humus fertilizer on alkaline tobacco-planting soil pH and tobacco yield and quality,Zhongguo Nongxue Tongbao(Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin),24(6):261-265(蔡宪杰,杨义方,马永建,魏春阳,王维超,李跃峰,尹启生,2008,腐殖酸类肥料对碱性植烟土壤pH及烤烟产量质量的影响,中国农学通报,24(6):261-265)
Chen Q.,Zhang X.X.,Zhao H.,and Guan J.F.,2010,Advance in research and application of some functional microbes in bio-organic fertilizer,Yingyong Yu Huanjingshengwu Xuebao(Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology),16(2):294-300(陈谦,张新雄,赵海,官家发,2010,生物有机肥中几种功能微生物的研究及应用概况,应用与环境生物学报,16(2):294-300)
Gao H.J.,Lin B.S.,Wang W.Q.,Shi G.,Ma H.G.,LüZ.S.,Fen C.,and Huang Z.Y.,2014,Effects of humic acid fertilizer on soil nutrient contents and aroma quality of flue-cured tobacco in baise tobacco-growing area,Zhongguo Yancao Kexue(Chinese Tobacco Science),35(4):52-57(高华军,林北森,王五权,石刚,麻海戈,吕泽生,冯诚,黄忠言,2014,腐殖酸肥对百色植烟土壤养分和烤烟香气质量的影响,中国烟草科学,35(4):52-57)
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