荒漠化地区水化学特性及其对胡杨林生长的影响
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摘要
[目的]探讨荒漠化地区不同地表水水质特性对胡杨林更新演替的影响,为胡杨林的保育及复壮更新工作提供理论支撑与科学根据。[方法]以塔里木胡杨国家级自然保护区为研究区,根据实地考察、采样及试验分析,对塔河中游水质状况及其对胡杨生长的影响进行了对比研究。[结果](1)研究区地表水水化学类型为硫酸盐类钙组Ⅲ型或氯化物类钠组Ⅲ型水(按阿列金分类法),pH值低于8.0,胡杨生长良好地区地表水样pH值在7.42~7.82;(2)漫溢河水总硬度、总碱度及TDS均高于干流水体,分别为325.3~769.5,142.6~290.3及782.2~1 037.5mg/L,胡杨在地表水TDS>1 000mg/L的环境下能正常生长;区内地表水受到农田排水的不利影响,氨氮含量在0~0.45mg/L。[结论]研究区内地下水盐分含量远高于地表水,不能满足胡杨幼苗的萌发与生长,仅在濒临河道的狭窄地带能实现胡杨林的自然更新,地下水盐碱胁迫是胡杨林更新复壮的重要制约因素。
[Objective]To study the hydrochemical characteristics of the surface water and groundwater as well as their effects on the Populus euphratica growth in desertification area,in order to provide theoretical support and scientific basis for the conservation and rejuvenation of P.euphratica.[Methods]Field investigation was conducted and the samples were collected at Xinjiang Tarim P.euphratica national nature reserve.The hydrochemical characteristics of middle reaches of Tarim River and their effects on growth of P.euphratica were studied.[Results](1)In the studied area,hydrochemical types of the surface water were mainly SCaⅢ or ClNaⅢ(Based on the O.A.Arliekin's classification).The pH value of the surface water wasbelow 8.0.The pH value of the surface water was 7.42~7.82 where P.euphraticagrew well.(2) Total hardness and total alkalinity,TDS of overflowing river were ranged as 325.3~769.5,142.6~290.3 and 782.2~1 037.5 mg/L,respectively.P.euphratica was able to grow normally in the environment of brackish water(TDS>1000 mg/L).The water in this nature reserve was contaminated by the drainage of farmland,and the ammonia nitrogen content was 0~0.45 mg/L.[Conclusion]The distribution of the P.euphratica with different diameters characterized an inverted pyramid structure,thus its rejuvenation was confronted with difficulty.
[Objective]To study the hydrochemical characteristics of the surface water and groundwater as well as their effects on the Populus euphratica growth in desertification area,in order to provide theoretical support and scientific basis for the conservation and rejuvenation of P.euphratica.[Methods]Field investigation was conducted and the samples were collected at Xinjiang Tarim P.euphratica national nature reserve.The hydrochemical characteristics of middle reaches of Tarim River and their effects on growth of P.euphratica were studied.[Results](1)In the studied area,hydrochemical types of the surface water were mainly SCaⅢ or ClNaⅢ(Based on the O.A.Arliekin's classification).The pH value of the surface water wasbelow 8.0.The pH value of the surface water was 7.42~7.82 where P.euphraticagrew well.(2) Total hardness and total alkalinity,TDS of overflowing river were ranged as 325.3~769.5,142.6~290.3 and 782.2~1 037.5 mg/L,respectively.P.euphratica was able to grow normally in the environment of brackish water(TDS>1000 mg/L).The water in this nature reserve was contaminated by the drainage of farmland,and the ammonia nitrogen content was 0~0.45 mg/L.[Conclusion]The distribution of the P.euphratica with different diameters characterized an inverted pyramid structure,thus its rejuvenation was confronted with difficulty.
引文
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[2]陈亚宁,崔旺诚,李卫红,等.塔里木河水资源利用与生态保护[J].地理学报,2003,58(2):215-177.
[3]魏忠义.塔里木盆地地表水化学特征及在人类活动影响下的变化[J].干旱区资源与环境,1994,8(2):23-30.
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[12]张光辉,石迎新,聂振龙.黑河流域生态环境的脆弱性及其对地下水的依赖性[J].安全与环境学报,2002,2(3):31-33.
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[14]郭辉,黄粤,李向义,等.基于多尺度遥感数据的塔里木河干流地区植被覆盖动态[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(5):1472-1480.
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[16]张海涛,梁继业,周正立,等.塔里木河中游荒漠河岸林土壤理化性质分布特征与植被关系[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(2):6-12.
[17]霍艾迪,康相武,王国梁,等.基于MODIS的沙漠化地区植被覆盖度提取模型的研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(6):217-223.
[18]陈永金,陈亚宁,李卫红,等.塔里木河下游输水条件下浅层地下水化学特征变化与合理生态水位探讨[J].自然科学进展,2006,16(9):1130-1137.
[19]Huo Aidi,Dang Jian,Song Jinxi,et al.Simulation modeling for water governance in basins based on surface water and groundwater[J].Agricultural Water Management,2016,174:22-29.
[20]陈永金,李卫红,刘加珍,等.输水堤防工程对塔里木河中游荒漠河岸林生态系统的影响[J].自然科学进展,2009,19(5):505-511.
[21]Huo Aidi,Chen Xunhong,Li Hua,et al.Development and testing of a remote sensing-based model for estimating groundwater levels in aeolian desert areas of China[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2011,91(1):29-37.
[22]Huo Aidi,Peng Jianbing,Chen Xunhong,et al.Groundwater storage and depletion trends in the Loess areas of China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(16):1167.
[23]孙保平.荒漠化防治工程学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2000.
[24]霍艾迪,张广军,武苏里,等.利用MODIS-NDVI进行沙化土地评价研究;以陕西省北部地区为例[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(2):154-158.
[2]陈亚宁,崔旺诚,李卫红,等.塔里木河水资源利用与生态保护[J].地理学报,2003,58(2):215-177.
[3]魏忠义.塔里木盆地地表水化学特征及在人类活动影响下的变化[J].干旱区资源与环境,1994,8(2):23-30.
[4]陈永金,陈亚宁,李卫红.输水作用下的地下水水质变化与胡杨林更新:以塔里木河下游英苏断面为例[J].干旱区研究,2005,22(1):101-105.
[5]陈永金,陈亚宁,李卫红,等.塔里木河下游输水条件下浅层地下水化学特征变化与合理生态水位探讨[J].自然科学进展,2006,16(9):1130-1137.
[6]李卫红,陈永金,张保华,等.塔里木河中游地下水化学变化及其影响因素[J].环境化学,2011,30(2):439-465.
[7]陈永金,陈亚宁,刘加珍.堤防修建对塔里木河中游湿地地下水化学特征及水盐运移的影响[J].聊城大学学报,2009,22(4):79-85.
[8]朱海勇,陈永金,刘加珍.塔里木河中游水盐梯度下的物种多样性研究[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(8/9):1226-1234.
[9]郑潮州,张希明,吴俊侠,等.输水堤防对塔里木河中游胡杨群落及种群的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(5):1356-1366.
[10]赵枫,金海龙.艾比湖湿地自然保护区阿其克苏河地下水特征与胡杨生长关系研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(8):156-160.
[11]乔云峰,王晓红,沈冰,等.和田绿洲地下水特征及其对生态植被的影响分析[J].长江科学院院报,2004,21(4):28-31.
[12]张光辉,石迎新,聂振龙.黑河流域生态环境的脆弱性及其对地下水的依赖性[J].安全与环境学报,2002,2(3):31-33.
[13]王亮,王夏楠,周正立,等.塔里木河中游典型样地土壤主要理化性质比较研究[J].北方园艺,2014(23):148-151.
[14]郭辉,黄粤,李向义,等.基于多尺度遥感数据的塔里木河干流地区植被覆盖动态[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(5):1472-1480.
[15]Chen Ya’ning,Xu Changchun,Hao Xingming,et al.Fifty-year climate change and its effect on annual runoff in the Tarim River Basin,China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2008,30(6):921-929.
[16]张海涛,梁继业,周正立,等.塔里木河中游荒漠河岸林土壤理化性质分布特征与植被关系[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(2):6-12.
[17]霍艾迪,康相武,王国梁,等.基于MODIS的沙漠化地区植被覆盖度提取模型的研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(6):217-223.
[18]陈永金,陈亚宁,李卫红,等.塔里木河下游输水条件下浅层地下水化学特征变化与合理生态水位探讨[J].自然科学进展,2006,16(9):1130-1137.
[19]Huo Aidi,Dang Jian,Song Jinxi,et al.Simulation modeling for water governance in basins based on surface water and groundwater[J].Agricultural Water Management,2016,174:22-29.
[20]陈永金,李卫红,刘加珍,等.输水堤防工程对塔里木河中游荒漠河岸林生态系统的影响[J].自然科学进展,2009,19(5):505-511.
[21]Huo Aidi,Chen Xunhong,Li Hua,et al.Development and testing of a remote sensing-based model for estimating groundwater levels in aeolian desert areas of China[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2011,91(1):29-37.
[22]Huo Aidi,Peng Jianbing,Chen Xunhong,et al.Groundwater storage and depletion trends in the Loess areas of China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(16):1167.
[23]孙保平.荒漠化防治工程学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2000.
[24]霍艾迪,张广军,武苏里,等.利用MODIS-NDVI进行沙化土地评价研究;以陕西省北部地区为例[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(2):154-158.