海洋长排列单源单缆准三维窄方位地震资料处理技术
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摘要
南海北部陆坡潮汕凹陷中生界构造复杂,二维地震资料处理解释结果不能满足地质目标要求,而该海域环境复杂不适合常规的多缆三维地震资料的采集。因此,本文根据长排列单源单缆地震资料采集特点,采用二维和三维地震资料处理相结合的方法,完成准三维地震资料的处理。在处理中,针对性地应用了气枪震源气泡效应压制、组合方法多次波压制、高质量多维插值、三维叠前时间偏移成像等关键技术,首次在该区域获得了三维叠前时间偏移成果,解决了以前二维地震资料处理不能解决的问题,在地质上能够准确揭示逆冲构造内幕。
The structure of Mesozoic in Chaoshan sag in the north of the South China Sea is quite complex,so two-dimensional seismic data imaging can not accurately reveal the inside of the structure,and the environment in this area is complex and not suitable for conventional multi-cable three-dimensional seismic data acquisition system.Based on the characteristics of quasi three dimensional seismic data acquisition by single source and single long streamer system,the authors used air-gun de-bubble technology in combination with multiple suppression method,Compact Fourier Interpolation technology and three-dimensional prestack time migration technology in the seismic data processing project.It is for the first time that three-dimensional prestack time migration data were obtained in this area,and the quality of the imaging profile is greatly improved relative to that of the two-dimensional data.It can accurately reveal the inner curtain of the thrust structure and solve the problem that can not be solved by the former two-dimensional seismic exploration.
The structure of Mesozoic in Chaoshan sag in the north of the South China Sea is quite complex,so two-dimensional seismic data imaging can not accurately reveal the inside of the structure,and the environment in this area is complex and not suitable for conventional multi-cable three-dimensional seismic data acquisition system.Based on the characteristics of quasi three dimensional seismic data acquisition by single source and single long streamer system,the authors used air-gun de-bubble technology in combination with multiple suppression method,Compact Fourier Interpolation technology and three-dimensional prestack time migration technology in the seismic data processing project.It is for the first time that three-dimensional prestack time migration data were obtained in this area,and the quality of the imaging profile is greatly improved relative to that of the two-dimensional data.It can accurately reveal the inner curtain of the thrust structure and solve the problem that can not be solved by the former two-dimensional seismic exploration.
引文
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[17]刘喜武,刘洪,李幼铭.高分辨率radon变换方法及其在地震信号处理中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(1):8-15.Liu X W,Liu H,Li Y M.High resolution radon transform and its application in seismic signal processing[J].Progress in Geophysics,2004,19(1):8-15.
[18]闫桂京,何玉华,迟红光.叠前时间偏移技术在南海水合物地震资料处理中的应用[J].现代地质,2010,24(3):489-494.Yan G J,He Y H,Chi H G.Application of prestack time migration processing technique to gas hydrates seismic data processing in the South China Sea[J].Geoscience,2010,24(3):489-494.
[19]施剑,刘江平,陈刚,等.陆架浅水区自由表面多次波压制方法[J].地球物理学进展,2017,32(2):902-910.Shi J,Liu J P,Chen G,et al.Surface-related multiple suppression in the shallow water area of continental shelf[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2017,32(2):902-910.
[20]张连群,陈宝书,李松康,等.白云凹陷陆架-陆坡区多次波压制技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2018,53(2):236-242.Zhang L Q,Chen B S,Li S K,et al.Multiple suppression in continental shelf and slope areaa of baiyun depression[J].OGP,2018,53(2):236-242.
[21]王士昆,李红彩,石生林,等.城区三维规则化处理技术应用研究[J].复杂油气藏,2012,5(3):36-40.Wang S K,Li H C,Shi S L,et al.A study on the application of the regularization process technique in the 3D seismic of urban area[J].Complex Hydrocarbon Reservoirs,2012,5(3):36-40.
[22]张亚斌,施荣富,姚刚.等.Q-marine技术和特色处理技术在东海海域油气区的应用[J].石油天然气学报江汉石油学院学报,2013,35(6):47-52.Zhang Y B,Shi R F,Yao G,et al.Application of Q-marine seismic exploration technology and specialized processing technology in Donghai oil and gas area[J].Journal of Oil ang Gas Technology,2013,35(6):47-52.
[2]易海,张莉,林珍.南海北部中生代构造格局与盆地发育特征[J].石油实验地质,2012,34(4):388-393.Yi H,Zhang L,Lin Z.Mesozoic tectonic framework and basin distribution characteristics of northern margin of South China Sea[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2012,34(4):388-393.
[3]徐华宁,舒虎,李丽青,等.单源单缆方式采集的大然气水合物三维地震数据处理技术[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(5):1801-1806.Xu H N,Shu H,Li L Q,et al.3-D seismic data proeessing techniques for gas hydrate by the single-source and single-cable acquisition method[J].Porgress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,24(5):1801-1806.
[4]孙振刚,李宏图,张晓渝,等.海洋拖缆地震资料处理关键技术[J].天然气工业,2007,27(s):192-194.Sun Z G,Li H T,Zhang X Y,et al.The key technology in marine towed-streamer seismic data processing[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(s):192-194.
[5]宁日亮,高树生,柳世光,等.深海地震资料处理方法研究及实践[J].特种油气藏,2007,14(2):49-52.Ning R L,Gao S S,Liu S G,et al.Study and practice of deep-sea seismic data processing method[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2007,14(2):49-52.
[6]宁日亮,张文坡,张淑梅,等.深海拖缆二维地震资料处理技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(5):519-524.Ning R L,Zhang W P,Zhang S M,et al.2D seismic data processing from deep-sea streamer[J].OGP,2006,41(5):519-524.
[7]龚旭东,陈继宗,庄祖银,等.深水地震资料处理关键技术浅析[J].勘探地球物理进展,2010,33(5):336-341.Gong X D,Chen J Z,Zhuang Z Y,et al.Key technologies in deep water seismic data processing[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2010,33(5):336-341.
[8]邓志勇,张治忠,廖显锋,等.深水崎岖海底地震资料问题及处理对策---以南海L盆地二维地震重处理为例[J].地球物理学进展,2015,30(3):1410-1415.Deng Z Y,Zhang Z Z,Liao X F,et al.Challenges and resolution on seismic progressing of rugged bathy area-an instance of 2D seismic reprocesing on L basin,South China Sea[J].Progess in Geophysics(in Chinese),2015,30(3):1410-1415.
[9]张连群,刘春成,陈宝书,等.南海深水区X盆地中深层构造成像改善关键技术应用[A]//第十七届中国科协年会---分9南海深水油气勘探开发技术研讨会论文集[G].2015:1-9.Zhang L Q,Liu C C,Chen B S,et al.Key techniques application for improving mid-deep layer structure imaging in the X Basin of South China Sea[G].2015:1-9.
[10]施剑,刘江平,陈建文,等.崂山隆起地震资料多次波特征与压制策略[J].海洋地质前言,2016,32(10):30-36.Shi J,Liu J P,Chen J W,et al.Characterritics of seismic multiples on the laoshan uplift and their suppression method[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2016,32(10):30-36.
[11]邓勇,李添才,朱江梅,等.南海西部海域油气地球物理勘探中地震处理技术新进展[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(1):149-155.Deng Y,Li T C,Zhu J M,et al.Progress of seismic data processing technology in western South China Sea[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2011,22(1):149-155.
[12]林文,魏大力,王建民,等.Radon变换多次波压制方法及应用研究[J].物探化探计算技术,2009,31(4):344-348.Lin W,Wei D L,Wang J M,et al.Approach and application of multiple suppression using radon transform[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2009,31(4):344-348.
[13]张兴岩,朱江梅,杨薇,等.海洋资料多次波组合衰减技术及应用[J].物探与化探,2011,35(4):511-514.Zhang X Y,Zhu J M,Yang W,et al.Group technology of antimultiple in marine seismic data processing and its application[J].Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration,2011,35(4):511-514.
[14]郭梦秋,赵彦良,左胜杰,等.海上地震资料处理中的组合压制多次波技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(4):537-544.Guo M Q,Zhao Y L,Zuo S J,et al.Combined multiple attenuation in marine seismic data processing[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(4):537-544.
[15]肖二莲,陈瑜,万欢,等.SRME多次波衰减方法在海洋地震资料中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(3):1057-1064.Xiao E L,Chen Y,Wan H,et al.Surface-related multiple elimination on the marine seismic data[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2010,25(3):1057-1064.
[16]陈见伟,庄锡进,胡冰,等.多次波压制组合技术在海洋地震资料处理中的应用[J].海相油气地质,2011,16(1):68-73.Chen J W,Zhuang X J,Hu B,et al.Application of the combination method to multiple attenuation in marine seismic data processing[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2011,16(1):68-73.
[17]刘喜武,刘洪,李幼铭.高分辨率radon变换方法及其在地震信号处理中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(1):8-15.Liu X W,Liu H,Li Y M.High resolution radon transform and its application in seismic signal processing[J].Progress in Geophysics,2004,19(1):8-15.
[18]闫桂京,何玉华,迟红光.叠前时间偏移技术在南海水合物地震资料处理中的应用[J].现代地质,2010,24(3):489-494.Yan G J,He Y H,Chi H G.Application of prestack time migration processing technique to gas hydrates seismic data processing in the South China Sea[J].Geoscience,2010,24(3):489-494.
[19]施剑,刘江平,陈刚,等.陆架浅水区自由表面多次波压制方法[J].地球物理学进展,2017,32(2):902-910.Shi J,Liu J P,Chen G,et al.Surface-related multiple suppression in the shallow water area of continental shelf[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2017,32(2):902-910.
[20]张连群,陈宝书,李松康,等.白云凹陷陆架-陆坡区多次波压制技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2018,53(2):236-242.Zhang L Q,Chen B S,Li S K,et al.Multiple suppression in continental shelf and slope areaa of baiyun depression[J].OGP,2018,53(2):236-242.
[21]王士昆,李红彩,石生林,等.城区三维规则化处理技术应用研究[J].复杂油气藏,2012,5(3):36-40.Wang S K,Li H C,Shi S L,et al.A study on the application of the regularization process technique in the 3D seismic of urban area[J].Complex Hydrocarbon Reservoirs,2012,5(3):36-40.
[22]张亚斌,施荣富,姚刚.等.Q-marine技术和特色处理技术在东海海域油气区的应用[J].石油天然气学报江汉石油学院学报,2013,35(6):47-52.Zhang Y B,Shi R F,Yao G,et al.Application of Q-marine seismic exploration technology and specialized processing technology in Donghai oil and gas area[J].Journal of Oil ang Gas Technology,2013,35(6):47-52.