不同温湿指数环境下奶牛阴道温度的变化规律
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摘要
为探究不同温湿指数(THI)环境下奶牛阴道温度的变化规律,试验分别在高THI(78.5±3.2)、中THI(70.4±4.1)、低THI(56.3±5.5)环境下连续7d监测15头健康妊娠奶牛的阴道温度及所在牛舍内外的温度和相对湿度。结果表明:高THI环境下奶牛平均阴道温度、日极值均差、测期极值差极显著高于中、低THI环境下奶牛相应的测值(P<0.01);奶牛日平均阴道温度和日平均THI、日最高阴道温度和日受热时长的相关系数r分别是0.811、0.896(P<0.01);引起日平均阴道温度、日最高阴道温度开始快速升高的日平均THI、日最大THI分别为71.4、77.3,日受热时长为10.6h时日最高阴道温度变化出现拐点。由此可见,高THI环境下奶牛阴道温度变化幅度大;相比THI,日受热时长会影响奶牛阴道温度的变化。
This study was to investigate variation of dairy cows vaginal temperature(VT) under the different temperaturehumidity index(THI) and the effect of THI on the VT of dairy cows. Continuous measurements were conducted to obtain VT of 15 healthy pregnant cows and cowshed temperature and relative humidity in different THI environment(78.5±3.2,70.4±4.1, 56.3±5.5) each for 7 days. The result showed that average value, average difference of daily extreme value and extreme difference of measuring period for VT of cows in high THI environment was significantly higher than those of cows in medium and low THI environments. There were significant correlations(P<0.01) between daily average VT and daily average THI(r=0.811), daily maximum VT and daily heat stress period(r=0.896). The daily average THI and daily maximum THI that caused the average VT and the highest VT to rise rapidly were 71.4, 77.3, respectively. When heat stress exposure time is 10.6 h, the maximum VT changes have an inflection point. It can be concluded that the VT of dairy cows in a high THI environment varies greatly. Compared with THI, heat stress exposure time can reflect the change of the VT of dairy cows.
This study was to investigate variation of dairy cows vaginal temperature(VT) under the different temperaturehumidity index(THI) and the effect of THI on the VT of dairy cows. Continuous measurements were conducted to obtain VT of 15 healthy pregnant cows and cowshed temperature and relative humidity in different THI environment(78.5±3.2,70.4±4.1, 56.3±5.5) each for 7 days. The result showed that average value, average difference of daily extreme value and extreme difference of measuring period for VT of cows in high THI environment was significantly higher than those of cows in medium and low THI environments. There were significant correlations(P<0.01) between daily average VT and daily average THI(r=0.811), daily maximum VT and daily heat stress period(r=0.896). The daily average THI and daily maximum THI that caused the average VT and the highest VT to rise rapidly were 71.4, 77.3, respectively. When heat stress exposure time is 10.6 h, the maximum VT changes have an inflection point. It can be concluded that the VT of dairy cows in a high THI environment varies greatly. Compared with THI, heat stress exposure time can reflect the change of the VT of dairy cows.
引文
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[11]全国畜牧业标准化技术委员会.NY/T 2363-2013,奶牛热应激评价技术规范[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2013.
[12]Nabenishi H,Ohta H,Nishimoto T,et al.Effect of the temperature-humidity index on body temperature and conception rate of lactating dairy cows in southwestern Japan[J].J Reprod Dev,2011,57(4):450-456.
[13]Burfeind O,Suthar V S,Voigtsberger R,et al.Body tempe-rature in early postpartum dairy cows[J].Theriogenology,2014,82(1):121-131.
[14]Vickers L A,Burfeind O,Von Keyserlingk M A G,et al.Comparison of rectal and vaginal temperatures in lactating dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2010,93(11):5246-5251.
[15]Bewley J M,Einstein M E,Grott M W,et al.Comparison of reticular and rectal core body temperatures in lactating dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2008,91(12):4661-4672.
[16]Ravagnoio O,Misztal I.Effect of heat stress on non-return rate in Holsteins:fixed-model analyses[J].J Dairy Sci,2002,85(11):3101-3106.
[2]Piccione G,Caola G,Refinetti R.Daily and estrous rhythmicity of body temperature in domestic cattle[J].BMC Physiol,2003,3(1):1-8.
[3]Suthar V S,Burfeind O,Patel J S,et al.Body temperature around induced estrus in dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2011,94(5):2368-2373.
[4]Suthar V S,Burfeind O,Bonk S,et al.Endogenous and exogenous progesterone influence body temperature in dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2012,95(5):2381-2389.
[5]Burfeind O,Suthar V S,Voigtsberger R,et al.Validity of prepartum changes in vaginal and rectal temperature to predict calving in dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2011,94(10):5053-5061.
[6]李小俊,王振玲,陈晓丽,等.奶牛体温变化规律及繁殖应用研究进展[J].畜牧兽医学报,2016,47(12):2331-2341.
[7]Hill D L,Wall E.Dairy cattle in a temperate climate:the eff-ects of weather on milk yield and composition depend on mana-gement[J].Animal,2015,9(1):138-149.
[8]Roman-Ponce H,Thatcher W W,Buffington D E,et al.Physiological and Production Responses of Dairy Cattle to a Shade Structure in a Subtropical Environment[J].J Dairy Sci,1977,60(3):424-430.
[9]Burfeind O,Suthar V S.Effect of heat stress on body temperature in healthy early postpartum dairy cows[J].Theriogenology,2012,78(9):2031-2038.
[10]Armstrong D V.Heat stress interaction with shade and cooling[J].JDairy Sci,1994,77(7):2044-2050.
[11]全国畜牧业标准化技术委员会.NY/T 2363-2013,奶牛热应激评价技术规范[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2013.
[12]Nabenishi H,Ohta H,Nishimoto T,et al.Effect of the temperature-humidity index on body temperature and conception rate of lactating dairy cows in southwestern Japan[J].J Reprod Dev,2011,57(4):450-456.
[13]Burfeind O,Suthar V S,Voigtsberger R,et al.Body tempe-rature in early postpartum dairy cows[J].Theriogenology,2014,82(1):121-131.
[14]Vickers L A,Burfeind O,Von Keyserlingk M A G,et al.Comparison of rectal and vaginal temperatures in lactating dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2010,93(11):5246-5251.
[15]Bewley J M,Einstein M E,Grott M W,et al.Comparison of reticular and rectal core body temperatures in lactating dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2008,91(12):4661-4672.
[16]Ravagnoio O,Misztal I.Effect of heat stress on non-return rate in Holsteins:fixed-model analyses[J].J Dairy Sci,2002,85(11):3101-3106.