沙地樟子松人工林叶片-枯落物-土壤氮磷化学计量特征
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摘要
为揭示沙地樟子松人工林N、P分配格局及化学计量特征,以呼伦贝尔沙地、科尔沁沙地、毛乌素沙地不同龄组(中龄林、近熟林和成熟林)沙地樟子松人工林为研究对象,测定分析其叶片、枯落物和土壤N、P含量及化学计量比.结果表明:研究区3个龄组沙地樟子松人工林叶片、枯落物和土壤N、P含量分别为0.17～49.02和0.11～3.01 g·kg~(-1),N/P为0.51～19.74,均表现为叶片>枯落物>土壤,且N含量和N/P在3个组分间存在显著差异,叶片P含量显著高于枯落物和土壤.不同地区或林龄对沙地樟子松人工林各组分N、P含量及N/P有一定的影响,但地区和林龄的交互作用对沙地樟子松人工林各组分N/P无显著影响.随着林龄的增加,沙地樟子松各组分N、P含量也增加,在成熟林达到最大值,而N/P没有表现出明显的规律.沙地樟子松人工林N、P含量及N/P在3个组分间呈显著正相关关系.呼伦贝尔沙地和科尔沁沙地樟子松叶片N/P在14.53～15.57,说明这两个地区沙地樟子松人工林的生长可能受N、P的共同限制;毛乌素沙地樟子松叶片N/P在18.56～19.71,说明该地樟子松人工林生长可能受P限制,且林龄对沙地樟子松N、P养分限制的影响不显著.建议在沙地樟子松人工林抚育管理时,依据当地实际情况适当添加N肥或P肥,以提高沙地樟子松林的生产力.研究结果有助于进一步了解N、P在沙地樟子松人工林叶片-枯落物-土壤系统中的相互作用与制约规律,并为沙地樟子松人工林经营管理提供科学依据.
To reveal the allocation pattern and stoichiometric characteristics of N and P in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation, we selected three P. sylvestris plantation with different stand ages(middle-aged, near-mature, mature) in the Hulunbuir, Horqin, and Mu Us sandy land as objects, and analyzed the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and the N:P stoichiometry ratios in the leaf, litter, and soil. The results showed that the contents of N, P and N/P ratios in leaf, litter and soil varied in the range of 0.17-49.02, 0.11-3.01 g·kg~(-1) and 0.51-19.74, respectively, with the order of leaf>litter>soil. The content of N and N:P ratio were significantly different between leaf, litter and soil; the P content in leaf was significantly higher than that in litter and soil. The different areas and stand ages affected N, P content and N/P stoichiometry ratio, but the interaction of area and stand age had no significant effect on N/P stoichiometry ratio. The N, P contents in leaf, litter and soil increased with stand age, and were highest in the mature forest. The contents of N, P and N/P ratios were significantly positively correlated among the leaf, litter and soil. In the Hulunbuir and Horqin sandy land, the N/P ratros of leaf were between 14.53 to 15.57, which indicated that the P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantations was restricted by both N and P availability. In Mu Us sand land, the N:P ratios of leaf were between 18.56 to 19.71, which indicated P limitation. The stand age had no significant influence on soil N and P limitation. To improve the productivity of P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantations, we could appropriately add N or P fertilization in the plantation tending management based on local conditions. Our findings could contribute to a further understanding of the mechanism of interactions and constraints between N and P in the leaf-litter-soil system of P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantations, and provide a scientific guidance for the management.
To reveal the allocation pattern and stoichiometric characteristics of N and P in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation, we selected three P. sylvestris plantation with different stand ages(middle-aged, near-mature, mature) in the Hulunbuir, Horqin, and Mu Us sandy land as objects, and analyzed the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and the N:P stoichiometry ratios in the leaf, litter, and soil. The results showed that the contents of N, P and N/P ratios in leaf, litter and soil varied in the range of 0.17-49.02, 0.11-3.01 g·kg~(-1) and 0.51-19.74, respectively, with the order of leaf>litter>soil. The content of N and N:P ratio were significantly different between leaf, litter and soil; the P content in leaf was significantly higher than that in litter and soil. The different areas and stand ages affected N, P content and N/P stoichiometry ratio, but the interaction of area and stand age had no significant effect on N/P stoichiometry ratio. The N, P contents in leaf, litter and soil increased with stand age, and were highest in the mature forest. The contents of N, P and N/P ratios were significantly positively correlated among the leaf, litter and soil. In the Hulunbuir and Horqin sandy land, the N/P ratros of leaf were between 14.53 to 15.57, which indicated that the P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantations was restricted by both N and P availability. In Mu Us sand land, the N:P ratios of leaf were between 18.56 to 19.71, which indicated P limitation. The stand age had no significant influence on soil N and P limitation. To improve the productivity of P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantations, we could appropriately add N or P fertilization in the plantation tending management based on local conditions. Our findings could contribute to a further understanding of the mechanism of interactions and constraints between N and P in the leaf-litter-soil system of P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantations, and provide a scientific guidance for the management.
引文
[1] Vitousek PM, Porder S, Houlton BZ, et al. Terrestrial phosphorus limitation: Mechanisms, implications, and nitrogen-phosphorus interactions. Ecological Applications, 2010, 20: 5-15
[2] Güsewell S. N:P ratios in terrestrial plants: Variation and functional significance. New Phytologist, 2004, 164: 243-266
[3] Westheimer FH. Why nature chose phosphates. Science, 1987, 235: 1173-1178
[4] Agren GI, Bosatta E. Theoretical Ecosystem Ecology: The Biology of Elements: Understanding Elements Cycles. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998: 234
[5] Ladanai S, Agren GI, Olsson BA. Relationships between tree and soil properties in Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris forests in Sweden. Ecosystems, 2010, 13: 302-316
[6] Ma R-T (马任甜), An S-S (安韶山), Huang Y-M (黄懿梅). C, N and P stoichiometry characteristics of different-aged Robinia pseudoacacia plantations on the Loess Plateau, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2017, 28(9): 2787-2793 (in Chinese)
[7] He J-S (贺金生), Han X-G (韩兴国). Ecological stoichiometry: Searching for unifying principles from individuals to ecosystems. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2010, 34(1): 2-6 (in Chinese)
[8] Zeng D-H (曾德慧), Chen G-S (陈广生). Ecological stoichiometry: A science to explore the complexity of living systems. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 2005, 29(6): 1007-1019 (in Chinese)
[9] Sterner RW, Elser JJ. Ecological stoichiometry: The biology of elements from molecules to the biosphere. Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton University Press, 2002
[10] Ren S-J (任书杰), Yu G-R (于贵瑞), Tao B (陶波), et al. Stoichiometry characteristics of leaf. Environmental Science (环境科学), 2007, 28(12): 2665-2673 (in Chinese)
[11] Han W, Fang J, Guo D, et al. Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry across 753 terrestrial plant species in China. New Phytologist, 2005, 168: 377-385
[12] Reich PB, Olesksyn J. Global patterns of plant leaf N and P in relation to temperature and latitude. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004, 101: 11001-11006
[13] McGroddy ME, Daufresne T, Hedin LO. Scaling of C:N:P stoichiometry in forests worldwide: Implications of terrestrial Redfield-type ratios. Ecology, 2008, 85: 2390-2401
[14] Yan E-R (闫恩荣), Wang X-H (王希华), Chen X-Y (陈小勇), et al. Impacts of evergreen broad-leaved forest, degradation on soil nutrients and carbon pools in Tiantong, Zhejiang Province. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2007, 27(4): 1646-1655 (in Chinese)
[15] Wu T-G (吴统贵), Chen B-F (陈步峰), Xiao Y-H (肖以华), et al. Leaf stoichiometry of tree forest types in Pearl River Delta, South China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2008, 28(8): 3937-3947 (in Chinese)
[16] Liu Q (刘倩), Wang S-L (王书丽), Deng B-L (邓邦良), et al. Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents and their ecological stoichiometry in litters and soils on meadow of Wugong Mountain, Jiangxi, China at diffe-rent altitudes. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2018, 29(5): 1535-1541 (in Chinese)
[17] Ren Y (任悦), Gao G-L (高广磊), Ding G-D (丁国栋), et al. Characteristics of organic carbon content of leaf-litter-soil system in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations. Journal of Beijing Forestry University (北京林业大学学报), 2018, 40(7): 36-44 (in Chinese)
[18] Meng X-N (孟祥楠), Zhao Y-S(赵雨森), Zheng L(郑磊), et al. Population structure and understory species diversity of different aged Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations in Nenjiang Sandy Land of Northeast China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2012, 23(9): 2332-2338 (in Chinese)
[19] Zeng D-H (曾德慧), Chen G-S (陈广生), Chen F-S (陈伏生), et al. Foliar nutrients and their resorption efficiencies in four Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations of different ages on sandy soil. Scientia Slicae Sinicae (林业科学), 2005, 41(5): 21-27 (in Chinese)
[20] Chapin FS, Schulze ED, Mooney HA. The ecology and economics of storage in plants. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 1990, 21: 423-447
[21] Cheng B (程滨), Zhao Y-J (赵永军), Zhang W-G (张文广), et al. The research advances and prospect of ecological stoichiometry. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2010, 30(6): 1628-1637 (in Chinese)
[22] Elser JJ, Sterner RW, Gorokhova E, et al. Biological stoichiometry from genes to ecosystems. Ecology Letters, 2000, 3: 540-550
[23] Koerselman W, Meuleman AFM. The vegetation N:P ration: A new tool to detect the nature of nutrient limitation. Journal of Applied Ecology, 1996, 33: 1441-1450
[24] Elser JJ, Acharya K, Kyle M, et al. Growth rate-stoichiometry couplings in diverse biota. Ecology Letters, 2010, 6: 936-943
[25] Kang H, Xin Z, Berg B, et al. Global pattern of leaf litter nitrogen and phosphorus in woody plants. Annals of Forest Science, 2010, 67: 811-811
[26] Li X-F (李雪峰), Han S-J (韩士杰), Hu Y-L (胡艳玲), et al. Decomposition of litter organic matter and its relations to C, N and P release in secondary conifer and broad leaf mixed forest in Changbaishan Mountains. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2008, 19(2): 245-251 (in Chinese)
[27] Pan F-J (潘复静), Zhang W (张伟), Wang K-L (王克林), et al. Litter C:N:P ecological stoichiometry character of plant communities in typical Karst Peak-Cluster Depression. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2011, 31(2): 335-343 (in Chinese)
[28] Shao M-X (邵梅香). Ecological Stoichiometry Characteristic of Castanopsis hystris and Atula alnoidesin in South Subtropical Area of China. Master Thesis. Nanning: Guangxi University, 2012 (in Chinese)
[29] Aerts R. Nutrient resorption from senescing leaves of perennials: Are there general patterns? Journal of Ecology, 1996, 84: 597-608
[30] Jiao S-R (焦树仁). Report on the causes of the early decline of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica shelterbelt and its preventative and control measures in Zhanggutai of Liaoning Province. Science Silvae Sinica (林业科学), 2001, 37(2): 131-138 (in Chinese)
[31] Liu L (刘璐), Zeng F-P (曾馥平), Song T-Q (宋同清), et al. Spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients in Karst area’s Mulun National Nature Reserve. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2010, 21(7): 1667-1673 (in Chinese)
[32] Bai X-J (白雪娟), Zeng Q-C (曾全超), An S-S (安韶山), et al. Ecological stoichiometry characteristics of leaf-litter-soil in different plantations on the Loess Pla-teau, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2016, 27(12): 3823-3830 (in Chinese)
[33] Aerts R, Chapin FS. The mineral nutrition of wild plants revisited: A re-evaluation of processes and patterns. Advances in Ecological Research, 2000, 30: 1-67
[2] Güsewell S. N:P ratios in terrestrial plants: Variation and functional significance. New Phytologist, 2004, 164: 243-266
[3] Westheimer FH. Why nature chose phosphates. Science, 1987, 235: 1173-1178
[4] Agren GI, Bosatta E. Theoretical Ecosystem Ecology: The Biology of Elements: Understanding Elements Cycles. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998: 234
[5] Ladanai S, Agren GI, Olsson BA. Relationships between tree and soil properties in Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris forests in Sweden. Ecosystems, 2010, 13: 302-316
[6] Ma R-T (马任甜), An S-S (安韶山), Huang Y-M (黄懿梅). C, N and P stoichiometry characteristics of different-aged Robinia pseudoacacia plantations on the Loess Plateau, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2017, 28(9): 2787-2793 (in Chinese)
[7] He J-S (贺金生), Han X-G (韩兴国). Ecological stoichiometry: Searching for unifying principles from individuals to ecosystems. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2010, 34(1): 2-6 (in Chinese)
[8] Zeng D-H (曾德慧), Chen G-S (陈广生). Ecological stoichiometry: A science to explore the complexity of living systems. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 2005, 29(6): 1007-1019 (in Chinese)
[9] Sterner RW, Elser JJ. Ecological stoichiometry: The biology of elements from molecules to the biosphere. Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton University Press, 2002
[10] Ren S-J (任书杰), Yu G-R (于贵瑞), Tao B (陶波), et al. Stoichiometry characteristics of leaf. Environmental Science (环境科学), 2007, 28(12): 2665-2673 (in Chinese)
[11] Han W, Fang J, Guo D, et al. Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry across 753 terrestrial plant species in China. New Phytologist, 2005, 168: 377-385
[12] Reich PB, Olesksyn J. Global patterns of plant leaf N and P in relation to temperature and latitude. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004, 101: 11001-11006
[13] McGroddy ME, Daufresne T, Hedin LO. Scaling of C:N:P stoichiometry in forests worldwide: Implications of terrestrial Redfield-type ratios. Ecology, 2008, 85: 2390-2401
[14] Yan E-R (闫恩荣), Wang X-H (王希华), Chen X-Y (陈小勇), et al. Impacts of evergreen broad-leaved forest, degradation on soil nutrients and carbon pools in Tiantong, Zhejiang Province. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2007, 27(4): 1646-1655 (in Chinese)
[15] Wu T-G (吴统贵), Chen B-F (陈步峰), Xiao Y-H (肖以华), et al. Leaf stoichiometry of tree forest types in Pearl River Delta, South China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2008, 28(8): 3937-3947 (in Chinese)
[16] Liu Q (刘倩), Wang S-L (王书丽), Deng B-L (邓邦良), et al. Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents and their ecological stoichiometry in litters and soils on meadow of Wugong Mountain, Jiangxi, China at diffe-rent altitudes. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2018, 29(5): 1535-1541 (in Chinese)
[17] Ren Y (任悦), Gao G-L (高广磊), Ding G-D (丁国栋), et al. Characteristics of organic carbon content of leaf-litter-soil system in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations. Journal of Beijing Forestry University (北京林业大学学报), 2018, 40(7): 36-44 (in Chinese)
[18] Meng X-N (孟祥楠), Zhao Y-S(赵雨森), Zheng L(郑磊), et al. Population structure and understory species diversity of different aged Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations in Nenjiang Sandy Land of Northeast China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2012, 23(9): 2332-2338 (in Chinese)
[19] Zeng D-H (曾德慧), Chen G-S (陈广生), Chen F-S (陈伏生), et al. Foliar nutrients and their resorption efficiencies in four Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations of different ages on sandy soil. Scientia Slicae Sinicae (林业科学), 2005, 41(5): 21-27 (in Chinese)
[20] Chapin FS, Schulze ED, Mooney HA. The ecology and economics of storage in plants. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 1990, 21: 423-447
[21] Cheng B (程滨), Zhao Y-J (赵永军), Zhang W-G (张文广), et al. The research advances and prospect of ecological stoichiometry. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2010, 30(6): 1628-1637 (in Chinese)
[22] Elser JJ, Sterner RW, Gorokhova E, et al. Biological stoichiometry from genes to ecosystems. Ecology Letters, 2000, 3: 540-550
[23] Koerselman W, Meuleman AFM. The vegetation N:P ration: A new tool to detect the nature of nutrient limitation. Journal of Applied Ecology, 1996, 33: 1441-1450
[24] Elser JJ, Acharya K, Kyle M, et al. Growth rate-stoichiometry couplings in diverse biota. Ecology Letters, 2010, 6: 936-943
[25] Kang H, Xin Z, Berg B, et al. Global pattern of leaf litter nitrogen and phosphorus in woody plants. Annals of Forest Science, 2010, 67: 811-811
[26] Li X-F (李雪峰), Han S-J (韩士杰), Hu Y-L (胡艳玲), et al. Decomposition of litter organic matter and its relations to C, N and P release in secondary conifer and broad leaf mixed forest in Changbaishan Mountains. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2008, 19(2): 245-251 (in Chinese)
[27] Pan F-J (潘复静), Zhang W (张伟), Wang K-L (王克林), et al. Litter C:N:P ecological stoichiometry character of plant communities in typical Karst Peak-Cluster Depression. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2011, 31(2): 335-343 (in Chinese)
[28] Shao M-X (邵梅香). Ecological Stoichiometry Characteristic of Castanopsis hystris and Atula alnoidesin in South Subtropical Area of China. Master Thesis. Nanning: Guangxi University, 2012 (in Chinese)
[29] Aerts R. Nutrient resorption from senescing leaves of perennials: Are there general patterns? Journal of Ecology, 1996, 84: 597-608
[30] Jiao S-R (焦树仁). Report on the causes of the early decline of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica shelterbelt and its preventative and control measures in Zhanggutai of Liaoning Province. Science Silvae Sinica (林业科学), 2001, 37(2): 131-138 (in Chinese)
[31] Liu L (刘璐), Zeng F-P (曾馥平), Song T-Q (宋同清), et al. Spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients in Karst area’s Mulun National Nature Reserve. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2010, 21(7): 1667-1673 (in Chinese)
[32] Bai X-J (白雪娟), Zeng Q-C (曾全超), An S-S (安韶山), et al. Ecological stoichiometry characteristics of leaf-litter-soil in different plantations on the Loess Pla-teau, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2016, 27(12): 3823-3830 (in Chinese)
[33] Aerts R, Chapin FS. The mineral nutrition of wild plants revisited: A re-evaluation of processes and patterns. Advances in Ecological Research, 2000, 30: 1-67