苦豆子条带对棉田捕食性天敌发生的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究田埂边苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroides L.)条带对棉田内捕食性天敌发生及其控蚜作用的影响,为棉花生产中田埂合理保留保育天敌的功能性杂草、促进棉田天敌保育与害虫自然控制提供科学依据。【方法】系统调查田边苦豆子条带及棉田天敌与害虫种群,罩笼评价天敌控害功能。【结果】苦豆子与棉花上捕食性天敌种类基本相同、群落结构相似,苦豆子条带上各类主要捕食性天敌的数量均显著高于棉田。处理棉田(棉田边有苦豆子条带)中瓢虫、草蛉、蜘蛛密度分别为对照棉田(棉田边无杂草)的1.3、3.4和4.5倍,发生高峰期较对照棉田提前一周左右。6月上旬和8月,处理棉田的捕食性天敌和蚜虫之间的益害比显著高于对照棉田。处理棉田捕食性天敌对棉蚜控害指数显著高于对照棉田。【结论】苦豆子杂草带对有益天敌具有明显保育作用,能促进棉田捕食性天敌的发生与生物控害。
【Objective】 This study aims to assess the effect of sophora strips on the occurrence of predators and their biocontrol on aphids in cotton fields. It will provide a scientific basis for reserving natural-habitats to benefit natural enemy conservation and pest management in adjacent crop fields.【Method】 Field systematic investigation and exclusive cage experiment were conducted.【Result】The species of the main predators and their community structure in sophora strips were basically similar to those in cotton fields,however, the population densities of these predators in sophora strips were significantly higher than that in cotton fields. The densities of lady beetles, lacewings and spiders in cotton field adjacent sophora strips were 1.3, 3.4 and 4.5 times of those in cotton field without sophora strips, respectively, and the peaks of these predators were about one week earlier than the cotton field without sophora strips. In early June and August, the ratio of predators to aphids in cotton field with sophora strips was significantly higher than that in cotton field without sophora strips. In addition, the biocontrol services index of predators to cotton aphid in cotton field with sophora strips was significantly higher than that in cotton field without sophora strips.【Conclusion】Sophora alopecuroides strip has obvious effects on the conservation of beneficial natural enemies, and can promote the abundance of predators to suppress cotton aphid in adjacent cotton fields. It's very important to use non-crop habitats such as sophora strips to conserve predatory natural enemies and enhance pest management on cotton aphids in agricultural ecosystem.
【Objective】 This study aims to assess the effect of sophora strips on the occurrence of predators and their biocontrol on aphids in cotton fields. It will provide a scientific basis for reserving natural-habitats to benefit natural enemy conservation and pest management in adjacent crop fields.【Method】 Field systematic investigation and exclusive cage experiment were conducted.【Result】The species of the main predators and their community structure in sophora strips were basically similar to those in cotton fields,however, the population densities of these predators in sophora strips were significantly higher than that in cotton fields. The densities of lady beetles, lacewings and spiders in cotton field adjacent sophora strips were 1.3, 3.4 and 4.5 times of those in cotton field without sophora strips, respectively, and the peaks of these predators were about one week earlier than the cotton field without sophora strips. In early June and August, the ratio of predators to aphids in cotton field with sophora strips was significantly higher than that in cotton field without sophora strips. In addition, the biocontrol services index of predators to cotton aphid in cotton field with sophora strips was significantly higher than that in cotton field without sophora strips.【Conclusion】Sophora alopecuroides strip has obvious effects on the conservation of beneficial natural enemies, and can promote the abundance of predators to suppress cotton aphid in adjacent cotton fields. It's very important to use non-crop habitats such as sophora strips to conserve predatory natural enemies and enhance pest management on cotton aphids in agricultural ecosystem.
引文
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[2] 陈学新,任顺祥,张帆,等.天敌昆虫控害机制与可持续利用[J].应用昆虫学报,2013,50 (1) :9 - 18.CHEN Xue-xin,REN Shun-xiang,ZHANG Fan,et al.(2013).Mechanism of pest management by natural enemies and their sustainable utilization [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,50 (1):9 - 18.(in Chinese)
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[5] 张润志,张广学.相生植物在生物防治中的作用[J].中国生物防治,1998,14(4) :176 - 180.ZHANG Run - zhi,ZHANG Guang - xue.(1998).The importance of mutual plants in biological control of pests [J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,14(4):176 - 180.(in Chinese)
[6] 刘雨芳,古德祥,张古忍.广东双季稻区杂草地和稻田中捕食性节肢动物的群落动态[J].昆虫学报,2003,46(5) :591- 597.LIU Yu - fang,GU De - xiang,ZHANG Gu - ren.(2003).The community dynamics of predatory arthropods in both weed habitat and paddy field from a double cropping paddy in Guangdong [J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,46(5):591 - 597.(in Chinese)
[7] 毛润乾,张文庆,张古忍,等.稻田稻飞虱卵寄生蜂群落的重建和维持[J].昆虫学报,2002,45(1) :96 - 101.MAO Run - qian,ZHANG Wen - qing,ZHANG Gu - ren,et al.(2002).An investigation on dynamics of egg - parasitoid community on planthopper in rice area in South China [J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,45(1):96 - 101.(in Chinese)
[8] 俞晓平,胡萃,Heong,K.L.不同生境源的稻飞虱卵寄生蜂对寄主的选择和寄生特性[J].昆虫学报,1998,41(1):42 - 48.Yu Xiao - ping,Hu Cui,Heong,K.L.(1998).Parasitization and preference characterisitics of egg parasitoids from various habitats to Homopterans [J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,41(1):42 - 48.(in Chinese)
[9] 田俊策,王国荣,郑许松,等.芝麻花对稻螟赤眼蜂寄生和扩散能力的影响[J].中国生物防治学报,2018,34 (6):807 - 812.TIAN Jun - ce,WANG Guo - rong,ZHENG Xu - song,et al.(2018).The effect of sesame flowers on the fecundity and dispersal ability of Trichogramma japonicum [J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,34 (6):807 - 812.(in Chinese)
[10] 朱平阳,吕仲贤,Gurr Geoff,等.显花植物在提高节肢动物天敌控制害虫中的生态功能[J].中国生物防治学报,2012,28 (4) :583 - 588.ZHU Ping - yang,Lü Zhong - xian,Gurr Geoff,et al.(2012).Ecological Functions of Flowering Plants on Conservation of the Arthropod Natural Enemies of Insect Pests in Agroecosystem [J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,28 (4):583 - 588.(in Chinese)
[11] Zhu,P.,Zheng,X.,Zhang,F.,& Chen,G.(2017).Quantifying the respective and additive effects of nectar plant crop borders and withholding insecticides on biological control of pests in subtropical rice.Journal of Pest Sciences,91(2):1 - 10.
[12] Lesar,C.D.,& Unzicker,J.D.(1978).Soybean spiders :species composition,population densities and vertical distribution / by charles d.lesar and john d.unzicker.Biological Notes - Illinois Natural History Survey (USA).no.107.
[13] 张润志,梁宏斌,田长彦,等.利用棉田边缘苜蓿带控制棉蚜的生物学机理[J].科学通报,1999,44(20) :2 175 - 2 178.ZHANG Rui-zhi,LIANG Hong-bin,TIAN Chang-yan,et al.(1999).Biological mechanism of controlling cotton aphid with alfalfa belt at the edge of cotton field [J].Chinese Science Bulletin,44(20):2,175 - 2,178.(in Chinese)
[14] 吕昭智,田长彦,胡明芳,等.棉田及其边缘杂草对天敌的影响[J].植物保护,2002,28(5) :22 - 24.Lü Zhao-zhi,TIAN Chang-yan,HU Ming-fang,et al.(2002).Effect of weeds on natural enemies in cotton field and its edge [J].Plant Protection,28(5):22 - 24.(in Chinese)
[15] 杨静,龙海,孙会,等.北疆棉区食蚜蝇种类及其生境选择特性[J].中国生物防治学报,2016,32 (5) :593 - 597.YANG Jing,LONG Hai,SUN Hui,et al.(2016).Species composition and habitat selection of predatory syrphids in cotton - growing region of northern Xinjiang [J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,32 (5):593 - 597.(in Chinese)
[16] Fox,T.B.,Landis,D.A.,& Cardoso,F.F.(2004).Predators suppress Aphis glycines Matsumura population growth in soybean environmental entomology oxford academic.Environmental Entomology,33(3):608 - 618.
[17] Gardiner,M.M.,Landis,D.A.,Gratton,C.,Difonzo,C.D.,O"Neal,M.,& Chacon,J.M.,et al.(2009).Landscape diversity enhances biological control of an introduced crop pest in the north-central USA.Ecological Applications,19(1):143-154.
[18] SAS Institute.(2012).SAS / STAT 9.4 User's Guide [M].Cary,North Carolina:SAS Institute Inc.
[19] 佚名,汪同庆.SPSS统计分析[M].武汉 :武汉大学出版社,2014.YI Ming,WANG Tong - qing.(2014).SPSS Statistical Analysis [M].Wuhan:Wuhan University Press.(in Chinese)
[20] 刘树生.害虫综合治理面临的机遇、挑战和对策[J].植物保护,2000,26(4) :35 - 38.LIU Shu - sheng.(2000).Opportunities,challenges and countermeasures for Integrated Pest Management [J].Plant Protection,26(4):35 - 38.(in Chinese)
[21] Kogan,M.(1998).Integrated pest management:historical perspectives and contemporary developments.Annual Review of Entomology,43(1):243 - 270.
[22] 尤民生,侯有明,刘雨芳,等.农田非作物生境调控与害虫综合治理[J].昆虫学报,2004,47(2) :260 - 268.YOU Min - sheng,HOU You - ming,LIU Yu - fang,et al.(2004).Non - crop habitat manipulation and integrated pest management in agroecosystems [J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,47(2):260 - 268.(in Chinese)
[23] 娄永根,程家安,庞保平,等.增强稻田天敌作用的途径探讨[J].浙江农业学报,1999,11(6) :333 - 338.LOU Yong - gen,CHENG Jia - an,PANG Bao - ping,et al.(1999).Discussion on approaches to augment the effectiveness of natural enemies in rice ecosystem [J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,11(6):333 - 338.(in Chinese)
[24] Bianchi,F.J.J.A.,Booij,C.J.H.,& Tscharntke,T.(2006).Sustainable pest regulation in agricultural landscapes:A review on landscape composition,biodiversity and natural pest control.Proceedings of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,273(1595):1,715 - 1,727.
[25] 陈学新,刘银泉,任顺祥,等.害虫天敌的植物支持系统[J].应用昆虫学报,2014,51 (1) :1 - 12.CHEN Xue - xin,LIU Yin - quan,REN Shun - xiang,et al.(2014).Plant - mediated support system for natural enemies of insect pests [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,51 (1):1 - 12.(in Chinese)
[26] Ratnadass,A.,Avelino,J.,& Habib,R.(2012).Plant species diversity for sustainable management of crop pests and diseases in agroecosystems:a review.Agronomy for Sustainable Developments,32(1):273 - 303.
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