JB-2型精量点播耧播种配合培土铲中耕对旱坪地保水固土及玉米产量的影响
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摘要
[目的]本文探讨了采用JB-2型精量点播耧播种配合培土铲中耕,对旱坪地保水固土及玉米产量的影响,为其它作物利用机械种植提供依据。[方法]采用与传统耕作模式田间栽培对比试验的方法,以玉米根系长度和重量、秸秆长度和重量、玉米产量、生物干重为对比分析指标,分析处理与对照之间的差异。[结果]田间试验结果表明,在黄土高原的旱坪地,与对照相比,采用这种农机组合种植玉米,可使单株平均气根长度增加342.94cm,增加一倍;单株根系干重增加13.21g,增幅33.50%;单株产量增加0.017kg,增幅7.62%;每公顷产量增加462.0kg,增幅7.62%;每公顷生物总干重增加631.7kg,增幅4.73%。[结论]JB-2型精量点播耧与培土铲配套播种、中耕可明显增高地垅,提高土壤含水量,促进玉米根系发育,增强植株固土能力,并提高玉米单产。
[Objective]The paper explored the effect of sowing seeds with precision sowing drill(JB-2)combining interfiling with a ridged sweep on water &soil conservation and corn yield of dry land,so as to provide basis for mechanical planting of other crops.[Methods]In this research,corn seeds were sowed with precision sowing drill(JB-2)while intertillage with a ridged sweep was carried out at the same time.Then length and weight of corn root and stalk,corn yield and dry yield were determined respectively,and the results were compared with traditional tillage.[Results]Field test showed that compared with traditional tillage,the combination of precision sowing drill(JB-2)and ridged sweep resulted in increases of average length of aerial roots per plant(342.94 cm more than the CK),dry weight of roots per plant(13.21 g,i.e.33.50% more than the CK),yield of per plant(0.244 kg,i.e.7.31% more than the CK),yield of hm~2' land(444.15 kg,i.e.13.26% more than the CK)and total biological dry weight per hm~2'land(631.5kg,i.e.8.59%).[Conclusion]Sowing seeds with precision sowing drill(JB-2)combining intertilling with a ridged sweep could obviously raise the height of ridges,increase soil moisture,promote root development,enhance soil fixation ability of the plant and improve the yield of land per hm~2.
[Objective]The paper explored the effect of sowing seeds with precision sowing drill(JB-2)combining interfiling with a ridged sweep on water &soil conservation and corn yield of dry land,so as to provide basis for mechanical planting of other crops.[Methods]In this research,corn seeds were sowed with precision sowing drill(JB-2)while intertillage with a ridged sweep was carried out at the same time.Then length and weight of corn root and stalk,corn yield and dry yield were determined respectively,and the results were compared with traditional tillage.[Results]Field test showed that compared with traditional tillage,the combination of precision sowing drill(JB-2)and ridged sweep resulted in increases of average length of aerial roots per plant(342.94 cm more than the CK),dry weight of roots per plant(13.21 g,i.e.33.50% more than the CK),yield of per plant(0.244 kg,i.e.7.31% more than the CK),yield of hm~2' land(444.15 kg,i.e.13.26% more than the CK)and total biological dry weight per hm~2'land(631.5kg,i.e.8.59%).[Conclusion]Sowing seeds with precision sowing drill(JB-2)combining intertilling with a ridged sweep could obviously raise the height of ridges,increase soil moisture,promote root development,enhance soil fixation ability of the plant and improve the yield of land per hm~2.
引文
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[11]张秀丽,王栋,仝振伟,等.高秆作物中耕培土机械化技术分析[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(5):157-160.
[12]郭涛,李海江,腊贵晓,等.起垄方式和种植密度对浓香型有机烟叶产量和品质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(9):41-45.
[13]徐天养,赵正熊,李忠环,等.中耕培土后覆盖秸秆对烤烟生长及养分吸收和产质量的影响[J].中国烟草学报.2008,14(4):18-22.
[2]刘武仁,郑金玉,罗洋,等.培土厚度对玉米根系特性的影响[J].吉林农业科学,2011,36(4):1-3.
[3]郑旭颖.丘陵山区陆稻全程机械化构想及对其经济效益分析—以澜沧县为例[D].云南:昆明理工大学,2014.
[4]张洪程,龚金龙.中国水稻种植机械化高产农艺研究现状及发展探讨[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(7):1273-1289.
[5]于海杰,黄严,陈超君,等.机械种植对甘蔗产量、蔗糖分及抗旱性的影响[J].广西职业技术学院学报,2016,9(2):6-11.
[6]王在满,罗锡文,陈雄飞,等.水稻机械化穴播技术对稻米品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(16):16-21.
[7]玉香桑,玉旺香,彭江洪,等.水稻机械栽插经济效益分析[J].中国农业信息,2016(1):53-54.
[8]尚泓泉,王振云,张武刚.精密播种在玉米生产中的应用及发展前景[J].中国种业,2009(1):19-20.
[9]姚杰.浅谈玉米精密播种技术的推广与发展前景[J].玉米科学,2004,12(2):89-91.
[10]刘成宝,薛锡柱,李坤,等.玉米密植精播机械化创高产技术的推广和应用[J].农业科技与装备,2008(2):81-82.
[11]张秀丽,王栋,仝振伟,等.高秆作物中耕培土机械化技术分析[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(5):157-160.
[12]郭涛,李海江,腊贵晓,等.起垄方式和种植密度对浓香型有机烟叶产量和品质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(9):41-45.
[13]徐天养,赵正熊,李忠环,等.中耕培土后覆盖秸秆对烤烟生长及养分吸收和产质量的影响[J].中国烟草学报.2008,14(4):18-22.