影响上颌窦骨移植材料稳定的研究进展
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摘要
上颌窦提升术是解决上颌后牙区垂直骨量不足的常规手段,骨移植材料的长期稳定对上颌窦提升术的结果至关重要,也是影响种植体远期成功率的重要因素。上颌窦内的骨移植材料一般在术后6个月左右成熟稳定,但均会发生一定程度的体积吸收。少量吸收通常不会引起种植体周围骨的不稳定,但也有骨移植区缩减影响种植体的情况。影响上颌窦骨移植材料长期稳定的因素较为复杂,并非单一因素所致。然而,目前对影响骨移植材料三维体积变化的研究较少,未来需更多大样本量的统计与组织学研究证实。
Maxillary sinus augmentation is a common method to solve the problem of insufficient vertical bone mass in maxillary posterior teeth. The long-term stability of bone graft material is very important for the results of maxillary sinus elevation,and it is also an important factor affecting the long-term success rate of implants. Bone grafting materials in the maxillary sinus are generally mature and stable about 6 months after surgery,but all of them may have a certain degree of volume absorption. A small amount of absorption generally does not cause instability of the bone around the implant,but there are cases where the reduction of bone graft area affects the implant. The factors affecting the long-term stability of maxillary sinus bone graft materials are complex. However,there are few studies on the effect of three-dimensional volume change of bone graft materials,and more large sample size statistical and histological studies are needed in the future.
Maxillary sinus augmentation is a common method to solve the problem of insufficient vertical bone mass in maxillary posterior teeth. The long-term stability of bone graft material is very important for the results of maxillary sinus elevation,and it is also an important factor affecting the long-term success rate of implants. Bone grafting materials in the maxillary sinus are generally mature and stable about 6 months after surgery,but all of them may have a certain degree of volume absorption. A small amount of absorption generally does not cause instability of the bone around the implant,but there are cases where the reduction of bone graft area affects the implant. The factors affecting the long-term stability of maxillary sinus bone graft materials are complex. However,there are few studies on the effect of three-dimensional volume change of bone graft materials,and more large sample size statistical and histological studies are needed in the future.
引文
[1]Misch CE.Maxillary sinus augmentation for endosteal implants:Organized alternative treatment plans[J].Int J Oral Implantol,1987,4(2):49-58
[2]Friberg B,Jemt T,Lekholm U.Early failures in 4,641 consecutively placed Brnemark dental implants:A study from stage 1surgery to the connection of completed prostheses[J].Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants,1991,6(2):142-146.
[3]Del Fabbro M,Testori T,Francetti L,et al.Systematic review of survival rates for implants placed in the grafted maxillary sinus[J].Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent,2004,24(6):565-577.
[4]Wallace SS,Froum SJ.Effect of maxillary sinus augmentation on the survival of endosseous dental implants.A systematic review[J].Ann Periodontol,2003,8(1):328-343.
[5]戴小锋,包立,余优成,等.上颌窦区骨量不足3 mm植骨后同期种植临床效果分析[J].上海口腔医学,2017,26(3):290-292.
[6]Berberi A,Bouserhal L,Nader N,et al.Evaluation of three dimensional volumetric changes after sinus floor augmentation with mineralized cortical bone allograft[J].Maxillofac Oral Surg,2015,14(3):624-629.
[7]Miron RJ,Bosshardt DD,Gemperli AC,et al.In vitro characterization of a synthetic calcium phosphate bone graft on periodontal ligament cell and osteoblast behavior and its combination with an enamel matrix derivative[J].Clin Oral Investig,2014,18(2):443-451.
[8]Esposito M,Grusovin MG,Rees J,et al.Interventions for replacing missing teeth:Augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus[J/CD].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2010(3):CD008397.
[9]Ohe JY,Kim GT,Lee JW,et al.Volume stability of hydroxyapatite andβ-tricalcium phosphate biphasic bone graft material in maxillary sinus floor elevation:A radiographic study using 3Dcone beam computed tomography[J].Clinical Oral Implants Research,2016,27(3):348-353.
[10]Rios HF,Avila G,Galindo P,et al.The influence of remaining alveolar bone upon lateral window sinus augmentation implant survival[J].Implant Dent,2009,18(5):402-412.
[11]Miyamoto S,Shinmyouzu K,Miyamoto I,et al.Histomorphometric and immuno-histochemical analysis of human maxillary sinus-floor augmentation using porousβ-tricalcium phosphate for dental implant treatment[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2013,24 Suppl A100:134-138.
[12]Tadjoedin ES,de Lange GL,Bronckers AL,et al.Deproteinized cancellous bovine bone(Bio-Oss)as bone substitute for sinus floor elevation.A retrospective,histomorphometrical study of five cases[J].J Clin Periodontol,2003,30(3):261-270.
[13]Busenlechner D,Huber CD,Vasak C,et al.Sinus augmentation analysis revised:The gradient of graft consolidation[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2009,20(10):1078-1083.
[14]Avila-Ortiz G,Neiva R,Galindo-Moreno P,et al.Analysis of the influence of residual alveolar bone height on sinus augmentation outcomes[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2012,23(9):1082-1088.
[15]Cammack GV 2nd,Nevins M,Clem DS 3rd,et al.Histologic evaluation of mineralized and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft for ridge and sinus augmentations[J].Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent,2005,25(3):231-237.
[16]Moon JA,Cho MS,Jung SG,et al.Retrospective study of bone resorption after maxillary sinus bone graft[J].J Kor Dent Sci,2011,4(2):59-66.
[17]Omori Y,Ricardo Silva E,Botticelli D,et al.Reposition of the bone plate over the antrostomy in maxillary sinus augmentation:Ahistomorphometric study in rabbits[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2018,29(8):821-834.
[18]Kang SJ,Shin SI,Herr Y,et al.Anatomical structures in the maxillary sinus related to lateral sinus elevation:A cone beam computed tomographic analysis[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2013,24 Suppl A100:75-81.
[19]Boyne PJ,James RA.Grafting of the maxillary sinus floor with autogenous marrow and bone[J].J Oral Surg,1980,38(8):613-616.
[20]Avila G,Wang HL,Galindo-Moreno P,et al.The influence of the bucco-palatal distance on sinus augmentation outcomes[J].J Periodontol,2010,81(7):1041-1050.
[21]Zheng X,Teng M,Zhou F,et al.Influence of maxillary sinus width on transcrestal sinus augmentation outcomes:Radiographic evaluation based on cone beam CT[J].Clin Implant Dent Relatd Res,2016,18(2):292-300.
[22]Tatum H Jr.Maxillary and sinus implant reconstructions[J].Dent Clin North Am,1986,30(2):207-229.
[23]Summers RB.Sinus floor elevation with osteotomes[J].J Esthet Dent,1998,10(3):164-171.
[24]Quinlan E,Partap S,Azevedo MM,et al.Hypoxia-mimicking bioactive glass/collagen glycosaminoglycan composite scaffolds to enhance angiogenesis and bone repair[J].Biomaterials,2015,52:358-366.
[25]Tomlinson RE,Mckenzie JA,Schmieder AH.Angiogenesis is required for stress fracture healing in rats[J].Bone,2013,52(1):212-219.
[26]Watanabe T,Shiota M,Gao S,et al.Verification of posterior superior alveolar artery distribution in lateral wall of maxillary sinus by location and defect pattern[J].Quintessence Int,2014,45(8):673-678.
[27]Kim YK,Kim SG,Kim BS,et al.Resorption of bone graft after maxillary sinus grafting and simultaneous implant placement[J].J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg,2014,40(3):117-122.
[28]Fanuscu MI,Vu HV,Poncelet B.Implant biomechanics in grafted sinus:A finite element analysis[J].J Oral Implantol,2004,30(2):59-68.
[29]Avila-Ortiz G,Wang HL,Galindo-Moreno P,et al.Influence of lateral window dimensions on vital bone formation following maxillary sinus augmentation[J].Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants,2012,27(5):1230-1238.
[30]Galindo-Moreno P,Hernández-Cortés P,Mesa F,et al.Slow resorption of anorganic bovine bone by osteoclasts in maxillary sinus augmentation[J].Clin Implant Dent Relat Res,2013,15(6):858-866.
[31]Klijn RJ,Meijer GJ,Bronkhorst EM,et al.A meta-analysis of histomorphometric results and graft healing time of various biomaterials compared to autologous bone used as sinus floor augmentation material in humans[J].Tissue Eng Part B Rev,2010,16(5):493-507.
[32]Del Fabbro M,Rosano G,Taschieri S.Implant survival rates after maxillary sinus augmentation[J].Eur J Oral Sci,2008,116(6):497-506.
[33]Shanbhag S,Shanbhag V,Stavropoulos A.Volume changes of maxillary sinus augmentations over time:A systematic review[J].Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants,2014,29(4):881-892.
[34]Paul BF,Horning GM,Hellstein JW,et al.The osteoinductive potential of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft in human non-orthotopic sites:A pilot study[J].J Periodontol,2001,72(8):1064-1068.
[35]Borg TD,Mealey BL.Histologic healing following tooth extraction with ridge preservation using mineralized freeze dried bone allograft alone versus a combined mineralized-demineralized freeze dried bone allograft:A randomized controlled clinical trial[J].J Periodontol,2014,86(3):348-355.
[36]Danesh-Sani SA,Engebretson SP,Janal MN.Histomorphometric results of different grafting materials and effect of healing time on bone maturation after sinus floor augmentation:A systematic review and meta-analysis[J].J Periodontal Res,2017,52(3):301-312.
[37]Gultekin BA,Borahan O,Sirali A,et al.Three-dimensional assessment of volumetric changes in sinuses augmented with two different bone substitutes[J].Biomed Res Int,2016,2016:4085079.
[38]Gultekin BA,Cansiz E,Borahan O,et al.Evaluation of volumetric changes of augmented maxillary sinus with different bone grafting biomaterials[J].J Craniofac Surg,2016,27(2):e144-148.
[39]Sbordone C,Toti P,Guidetti F,et al.Volume changes of autogenous bone after sinus lifting and grafting procedures:A 6-year computerized tomographic follow-up[J].J Craniomaxillofac Surg,2013,41(3):235-241.
[40]Mazzocco F,Lops D,Gobbato L,et al.Three-dimensional volume change of grafted bone in the maxillary sinus[J].Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants,2014,29(1):178-184.
[41]Jensen T,Schou S,Gundersen HJ,et al.Bone-to-implant contact after maxillary sinus floor augmentation with Bio-Oss and autogenous bone in different ratios in mini pigs[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2013,24(6):635-644.
[42]Peng W,Kim IK,Cho HY,et al.Assessment of the autogenous bone graft for sinus elevation[J].J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg,2013,39(6):274-282.
[43]Dellavia C,Speroni S,Pellegrini G,et al.A new method to evaluate volumetric changes in sinus augmentation procedure[J].Clin Implant Dent Relat Res,2014,16(5):684-690.
[44]Xu H,Shimizu Y,Asai S,et al.Experimental sinus grafting with the use of deproteinized bone particles of different sizes[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2003,14(5):548-555.
[45]Yu JA,Lee SM,Yoo MK,et al.The retrospective study of survival rate of implants with maxillary sinus floor elevation[J].J Korean Acad Periodontol,2009,39:293-301.
[46]Tallarico M,Canullo L,Xhanari E,et al.Dental implants treatment outcomes in patient under active therapy with alendronate:3-year follow-up results of a multicenter prospective observational study[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2016,27(8):943-949.
[47]Wang CY,Stashenko P.The role of interleukin-1αin the pathogenesis of periapical bone destruction in a rat model system[J].Oral Microbiol Immunol,1993,8(1):50-56.
[48]Cehreli MC,Akkocaoglu M,Comert A,et al.Bone strains around apically free versus grafted implants in the posterior maxilla of human cadavers[J].Med Biol Eng Comput,2007,45(4):395-402.
[49]Esposito M,Hirsch JM,Lekholm U,et al.Biological factors contributing to failures of osseointegrated oral implants.(Ⅰ).Success criteria and epidemiology[J].Eur J Oral Sci,1998,106(1):527-551.
[2]Friberg B,Jemt T,Lekholm U.Early failures in 4,641 consecutively placed Brnemark dental implants:A study from stage 1surgery to the connection of completed prostheses[J].Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants,1991,6(2):142-146.
[3]Del Fabbro M,Testori T,Francetti L,et al.Systematic review of survival rates for implants placed in the grafted maxillary sinus[J].Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent,2004,24(6):565-577.
[4]Wallace SS,Froum SJ.Effect of maxillary sinus augmentation on the survival of endosseous dental implants.A systematic review[J].Ann Periodontol,2003,8(1):328-343.
[5]戴小锋,包立,余优成,等.上颌窦区骨量不足3 mm植骨后同期种植临床效果分析[J].上海口腔医学,2017,26(3):290-292.
[6]Berberi A,Bouserhal L,Nader N,et al.Evaluation of three dimensional volumetric changes after sinus floor augmentation with mineralized cortical bone allograft[J].Maxillofac Oral Surg,2015,14(3):624-629.
[7]Miron RJ,Bosshardt DD,Gemperli AC,et al.In vitro characterization of a synthetic calcium phosphate bone graft on periodontal ligament cell and osteoblast behavior and its combination with an enamel matrix derivative[J].Clin Oral Investig,2014,18(2):443-451.
[8]Esposito M,Grusovin MG,Rees J,et al.Interventions for replacing missing teeth:Augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus[J/CD].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2010(3):CD008397.
[9]Ohe JY,Kim GT,Lee JW,et al.Volume stability of hydroxyapatite andβ-tricalcium phosphate biphasic bone graft material in maxillary sinus floor elevation:A radiographic study using 3Dcone beam computed tomography[J].Clinical Oral Implants Research,2016,27(3):348-353.
[10]Rios HF,Avila G,Galindo P,et al.The influence of remaining alveolar bone upon lateral window sinus augmentation implant survival[J].Implant Dent,2009,18(5):402-412.
[11]Miyamoto S,Shinmyouzu K,Miyamoto I,et al.Histomorphometric and immuno-histochemical analysis of human maxillary sinus-floor augmentation using porousβ-tricalcium phosphate for dental implant treatment[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2013,24 Suppl A100:134-138.
[12]Tadjoedin ES,de Lange GL,Bronckers AL,et al.Deproteinized cancellous bovine bone(Bio-Oss)as bone substitute for sinus floor elevation.A retrospective,histomorphometrical study of five cases[J].J Clin Periodontol,2003,30(3):261-270.
[13]Busenlechner D,Huber CD,Vasak C,et al.Sinus augmentation analysis revised:The gradient of graft consolidation[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2009,20(10):1078-1083.
[14]Avila-Ortiz G,Neiva R,Galindo-Moreno P,et al.Analysis of the influence of residual alveolar bone height on sinus augmentation outcomes[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2012,23(9):1082-1088.
[15]Cammack GV 2nd,Nevins M,Clem DS 3rd,et al.Histologic evaluation of mineralized and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft for ridge and sinus augmentations[J].Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent,2005,25(3):231-237.
[16]Moon JA,Cho MS,Jung SG,et al.Retrospective study of bone resorption after maxillary sinus bone graft[J].J Kor Dent Sci,2011,4(2):59-66.
[17]Omori Y,Ricardo Silva E,Botticelli D,et al.Reposition of the bone plate over the antrostomy in maxillary sinus augmentation:Ahistomorphometric study in rabbits[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2018,29(8):821-834.
[18]Kang SJ,Shin SI,Herr Y,et al.Anatomical structures in the maxillary sinus related to lateral sinus elevation:A cone beam computed tomographic analysis[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2013,24 Suppl A100:75-81.
[19]Boyne PJ,James RA.Grafting of the maxillary sinus floor with autogenous marrow and bone[J].J Oral Surg,1980,38(8):613-616.
[20]Avila G,Wang HL,Galindo-Moreno P,et al.The influence of the bucco-palatal distance on sinus augmentation outcomes[J].J Periodontol,2010,81(7):1041-1050.
[21]Zheng X,Teng M,Zhou F,et al.Influence of maxillary sinus width on transcrestal sinus augmentation outcomes:Radiographic evaluation based on cone beam CT[J].Clin Implant Dent Relatd Res,2016,18(2):292-300.
[22]Tatum H Jr.Maxillary and sinus implant reconstructions[J].Dent Clin North Am,1986,30(2):207-229.
[23]Summers RB.Sinus floor elevation with osteotomes[J].J Esthet Dent,1998,10(3):164-171.
[24]Quinlan E,Partap S,Azevedo MM,et al.Hypoxia-mimicking bioactive glass/collagen glycosaminoglycan composite scaffolds to enhance angiogenesis and bone repair[J].Biomaterials,2015,52:358-366.
[25]Tomlinson RE,Mckenzie JA,Schmieder AH.Angiogenesis is required for stress fracture healing in rats[J].Bone,2013,52(1):212-219.
[26]Watanabe T,Shiota M,Gao S,et al.Verification of posterior superior alveolar artery distribution in lateral wall of maxillary sinus by location and defect pattern[J].Quintessence Int,2014,45(8):673-678.
[27]Kim YK,Kim SG,Kim BS,et al.Resorption of bone graft after maxillary sinus grafting and simultaneous implant placement[J].J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg,2014,40(3):117-122.
[28]Fanuscu MI,Vu HV,Poncelet B.Implant biomechanics in grafted sinus:A finite element analysis[J].J Oral Implantol,2004,30(2):59-68.
[29]Avila-Ortiz G,Wang HL,Galindo-Moreno P,et al.Influence of lateral window dimensions on vital bone formation following maxillary sinus augmentation[J].Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants,2012,27(5):1230-1238.
[30]Galindo-Moreno P,Hernández-Cortés P,Mesa F,et al.Slow resorption of anorganic bovine bone by osteoclasts in maxillary sinus augmentation[J].Clin Implant Dent Relat Res,2013,15(6):858-866.
[31]Klijn RJ,Meijer GJ,Bronkhorst EM,et al.A meta-analysis of histomorphometric results and graft healing time of various biomaterials compared to autologous bone used as sinus floor augmentation material in humans[J].Tissue Eng Part B Rev,2010,16(5):493-507.
[32]Del Fabbro M,Rosano G,Taschieri S.Implant survival rates after maxillary sinus augmentation[J].Eur J Oral Sci,2008,116(6):497-506.
[33]Shanbhag S,Shanbhag V,Stavropoulos A.Volume changes of maxillary sinus augmentations over time:A systematic review[J].Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants,2014,29(4):881-892.
[34]Paul BF,Horning GM,Hellstein JW,et al.The osteoinductive potential of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft in human non-orthotopic sites:A pilot study[J].J Periodontol,2001,72(8):1064-1068.
[35]Borg TD,Mealey BL.Histologic healing following tooth extraction with ridge preservation using mineralized freeze dried bone allograft alone versus a combined mineralized-demineralized freeze dried bone allograft:A randomized controlled clinical trial[J].J Periodontol,2014,86(3):348-355.
[36]Danesh-Sani SA,Engebretson SP,Janal MN.Histomorphometric results of different grafting materials and effect of healing time on bone maturation after sinus floor augmentation:A systematic review and meta-analysis[J].J Periodontal Res,2017,52(3):301-312.
[37]Gultekin BA,Borahan O,Sirali A,et al.Three-dimensional assessment of volumetric changes in sinuses augmented with two different bone substitutes[J].Biomed Res Int,2016,2016:4085079.
[38]Gultekin BA,Cansiz E,Borahan O,et al.Evaluation of volumetric changes of augmented maxillary sinus with different bone grafting biomaterials[J].J Craniofac Surg,2016,27(2):e144-148.
[39]Sbordone C,Toti P,Guidetti F,et al.Volume changes of autogenous bone after sinus lifting and grafting procedures:A 6-year computerized tomographic follow-up[J].J Craniomaxillofac Surg,2013,41(3):235-241.
[40]Mazzocco F,Lops D,Gobbato L,et al.Three-dimensional volume change of grafted bone in the maxillary sinus[J].Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants,2014,29(1):178-184.
[41]Jensen T,Schou S,Gundersen HJ,et al.Bone-to-implant contact after maxillary sinus floor augmentation with Bio-Oss and autogenous bone in different ratios in mini pigs[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2013,24(6):635-644.
[42]Peng W,Kim IK,Cho HY,et al.Assessment of the autogenous bone graft for sinus elevation[J].J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg,2013,39(6):274-282.
[43]Dellavia C,Speroni S,Pellegrini G,et al.A new method to evaluate volumetric changes in sinus augmentation procedure[J].Clin Implant Dent Relat Res,2014,16(5):684-690.
[44]Xu H,Shimizu Y,Asai S,et al.Experimental sinus grafting with the use of deproteinized bone particles of different sizes[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2003,14(5):548-555.
[45]Yu JA,Lee SM,Yoo MK,et al.The retrospective study of survival rate of implants with maxillary sinus floor elevation[J].J Korean Acad Periodontol,2009,39:293-301.
[46]Tallarico M,Canullo L,Xhanari E,et al.Dental implants treatment outcomes in patient under active therapy with alendronate:3-year follow-up results of a multicenter prospective observational study[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2016,27(8):943-949.
[47]Wang CY,Stashenko P.The role of interleukin-1αin the pathogenesis of periapical bone destruction in a rat model system[J].Oral Microbiol Immunol,1993,8(1):50-56.
[48]Cehreli MC,Akkocaoglu M,Comert A,et al.Bone strains around apically free versus grafted implants in the posterior maxilla of human cadavers[J].Med Biol Eng Comput,2007,45(4):395-402.
[49]Esposito M,Hirsch JM,Lekholm U,et al.Biological factors contributing to failures of osseointegrated oral implants.(Ⅰ).Success criteria and epidemiology[J].Eur J Oral Sci,1998,106(1):527-551.