梵净山4种林型的土壤丛枝菌根真菌多样性
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摘要
采用湿筛倾析-蔗糖离心法和形态鉴定法,调查了梵净山国家级自然保护区毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)林、柳杉(Cryptomeria japonica)林、山茶(Camellia japonica)林和箭竹(Fargesia spathacea)林根围土壤丛枝菌根(AM)真菌种类。结果表明:梵净山4种林型根围土壤中AM真菌种类丰富,已确定10属20种,球囊霉属(Glomus)和无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)为优势属,沙荒球囊霉(Glomus deserticola)和美丽盾巨孢囊霉(Scutellospora calospora)为共有种。土壤AM真菌多样性与林型密切相关,不同林型根际土壤AM真菌的孢子密度、物种丰富度和优势种都不同。4种林型AM真菌多样性表现为以下趋势:AM真菌的物种丰富度越小,真菌孢子密度就越大,优势种的优势度就越高(例如毛竹林);AM真菌的种类越多,真菌孢子密度就越小,优势种的优势度就越低(例如山茶林)。
Thirteen rhizospheric soil samples were collected from four types of forest( Phyllostachys edulis,Cryptomeria japonica,Camellia japonica,and Fargesia spathacea) in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve( FNNR). The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi( AMF) spores were isolated by wet-sieving and sucrose centrifugation methods,and then AMF species were identified based on morphological characters. The results indicate that AMF species is varied,has identified 10 genera and20 species,including Glomus and Acaulospora is dominant genus,Glomus deserticola and Scutellospora calospora is common species. AMF diversity is closely related to forest type,and the spore density,species richness and dominate species are different in different forest types rhizosphere soil,AMF diversity characterized by the following trends: the less of AMF species richness,the greater the fungal spores density,the higher the dominance of dominant species( like the forest of Phyllostachys edulis). The more of AMF species richness,the small fungal spore density is,the lower the dominance of dominant species( like the forest of Camellia japonica) is.
Thirteen rhizospheric soil samples were collected from four types of forest( Phyllostachys edulis,Cryptomeria japonica,Camellia japonica,and Fargesia spathacea) in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve( FNNR). The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi( AMF) spores were isolated by wet-sieving and sucrose centrifugation methods,and then AMF species were identified based on morphological characters. The results indicate that AMF species is varied,has identified 10 genera and20 species,including Glomus and Acaulospora is dominant genus,Glomus deserticola and Scutellospora calospora is common species. AMF diversity is closely related to forest type,and the spore density,species richness and dominate species are different in different forest types rhizosphere soil,AMF diversity characterized by the following trends: the less of AMF species richness,the greater the fungal spores density,the higher the dominance of dominant species( like the forest of Phyllostachys edulis). The more of AMF species richness,the small fungal spore density is,the lower the dominance of dominant species( like the forest of Camellia japonica) is.
引文
[1]叶文兰,骆礼华,江龙.金佛山方竹根围丛枝菌根真菌的初步研究[J].山地农业生物学报,2017,36(2):25-30.
[2]蒋维昕,江龙,薛高亮,等.AM真菌对撑绿竹生长及相关生理因素的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2009,37(8):90-92.
[3]VAN DER HEIJDEN M G A,KLIRONOMOS J N,URSIC M,et al.Mycorrhizal fungal diversity determines plant biodiversity,ecosystem variability and productivity[J].Nature,1998,396:69-72.
[4]赵文静,赵宝军,崔岱宗,等.额尔古纳自然保护区6种林型土壤真菌群落结构的多样性[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(7):76-79.
[5]陶光耀,袁腾,江龙.梵净山丛枝菌根真菌的初步鉴定[J].山地农业生物学报,2017,36(5):22-31.
[6]江龙,李竹玫,黄建国,等.AM真菌对烟苗生长及某些生理指标的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(1):156-161.
[7]SCHENCK N C,PREZ Y.Manual for the identificationof VA mycorrhizal fungi[M].3rd ed.Gainesville:Synergistic Publications,1990.
[8]王幼珊,张淑彬,张美庆.中国丛枝菌根真菌资源与种质资源[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2012.
[9]SIEVERDING E.Two new species of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the Endogonaceae from tropical highlands to Africa[J].Angew Botanik,1988,62(3):373-380.
[10]SCHENCK N C,SPAIN J L,SIEVERDING E,et al.Several new and unreported vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(Endogonaceae)from Colombia[J].Mycologia,1984,76:685-699.
[11]PALENZUELA J,AZCN-AGUILAR C,BAREA J M,et al.Acaulospora pustulata and Acaulospora tortuosa,two new species in the Glomeromycota from Sierra Nevada National Park(southern Spain)[J].Nova Hedwigia,2013,97(3/4):305-319.
[12]MORTON J B.Three new species of Acaulospora(Endogonaceae)from high aluminum,low p H soils in west Virginia[J].Mycologia,1986,78(4):641-648.
[13]MATT KASSON.International culture collection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi[EB/OL].(2017-7-11)[2017-11-20].http://fungi.invam.wvu.edu/the-fungi/classification/glomaceae/septoglomus/deserticola.html.
[14]OEHL F,REDECKER D,SIEVERDING E.Glomus badium,a new sporocarpic mycorrhizal fungal species from European grasslands with higher soil p H[J].Journal of Applied Botany&Food Quality,2005,79(1):38-43.
[15]BERCH S M,KOSKE R E.Glomus pansihalos,a new species in the Endogonaceae,Zygomycetes[J].Mycologia,1986,78(5):832-836.
[16]蔡邦平.中国梅丛枝菌根真菌多样性研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2009.
[17]WALKER C,VESTBERG M,DEMIRCIK F,et al.Molecular phylogeny and new taxa in the Archaeosporales(Glomeromycota):Ambispora fennica gen.sp.nov.,Ambisporaceae fam.nov.and emendation of Archaeospora and Archaeosporaceae[J].Mycological Research,2007,111(2):137-153.
[18]杨秀丽,闫伟,包玉英,等.大兴安岭落叶松林丛枝菌根真菌多样性[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(3):504-510.
[19]蔡晓布,彭岳林,冯固,等.西藏高原草地植物AM真菌多样性及其环境影响因子研究[J].土壤学报,2005,42(4):642-651.
[20]冀春花,张淑彬,盖京苹,等.西北干旱区AM真菌多样性研究[J].生物多样性,2007,15(1):77-83.
[21]邵宝林,龚国淑.横断山北部高山区土壤真菌群落多样性研究[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(17):217-221.
[22]刘润进,焦惠,李岩,等.丛枝菌根真菌物种多样性研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(9):2301-2307.
[2]蒋维昕,江龙,薛高亮,等.AM真菌对撑绿竹生长及相关生理因素的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2009,37(8):90-92.
[3]VAN DER HEIJDEN M G A,KLIRONOMOS J N,URSIC M,et al.Mycorrhizal fungal diversity determines plant biodiversity,ecosystem variability and productivity[J].Nature,1998,396:69-72.
[4]赵文静,赵宝军,崔岱宗,等.额尔古纳自然保护区6种林型土壤真菌群落结构的多样性[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(7):76-79.
[5]陶光耀,袁腾,江龙.梵净山丛枝菌根真菌的初步鉴定[J].山地农业生物学报,2017,36(5):22-31.
[6]江龙,李竹玫,黄建国,等.AM真菌对烟苗生长及某些生理指标的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(1):156-161.
[7]SCHENCK N C,PREZ Y.Manual for the identificationof VA mycorrhizal fungi[M].3rd ed.Gainesville:Synergistic Publications,1990.
[8]王幼珊,张淑彬,张美庆.中国丛枝菌根真菌资源与种质资源[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2012.
[9]SIEVERDING E.Two new species of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the Endogonaceae from tropical highlands to Africa[J].Angew Botanik,1988,62(3):373-380.
[10]SCHENCK N C,SPAIN J L,SIEVERDING E,et al.Several new and unreported vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(Endogonaceae)from Colombia[J].Mycologia,1984,76:685-699.
[11]PALENZUELA J,AZCN-AGUILAR C,BAREA J M,et al.Acaulospora pustulata and Acaulospora tortuosa,two new species in the Glomeromycota from Sierra Nevada National Park(southern Spain)[J].Nova Hedwigia,2013,97(3/4):305-319.
[12]MORTON J B.Three new species of Acaulospora(Endogonaceae)from high aluminum,low p H soils in west Virginia[J].Mycologia,1986,78(4):641-648.
[13]MATT KASSON.International culture collection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi[EB/OL].(2017-7-11)[2017-11-20].http://fungi.invam.wvu.edu/the-fungi/classification/glomaceae/septoglomus/deserticola.html.
[14]OEHL F,REDECKER D,SIEVERDING E.Glomus badium,a new sporocarpic mycorrhizal fungal species from European grasslands with higher soil p H[J].Journal of Applied Botany&Food Quality,2005,79(1):38-43.
[15]BERCH S M,KOSKE R E.Glomus pansihalos,a new species in the Endogonaceae,Zygomycetes[J].Mycologia,1986,78(5):832-836.
[16]蔡邦平.中国梅丛枝菌根真菌多样性研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2009.
[17]WALKER C,VESTBERG M,DEMIRCIK F,et al.Molecular phylogeny and new taxa in the Archaeosporales(Glomeromycota):Ambispora fennica gen.sp.nov.,Ambisporaceae fam.nov.and emendation of Archaeospora and Archaeosporaceae[J].Mycological Research,2007,111(2):137-153.
[18]杨秀丽,闫伟,包玉英,等.大兴安岭落叶松林丛枝菌根真菌多样性[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(3):504-510.
[19]蔡晓布,彭岳林,冯固,等.西藏高原草地植物AM真菌多样性及其环境影响因子研究[J].土壤学报,2005,42(4):642-651.
[20]冀春花,张淑彬,盖京苹,等.西北干旱区AM真菌多样性研究[J].生物多样性,2007,15(1):77-83.
[21]邵宝林,龚国淑.横断山北部高山区土壤真菌群落多样性研究[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(17):217-221.
[22]刘润进,焦惠,李岩,等.丛枝菌根真菌物种多样性研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(9):2301-2307.