发动机控制系统时间限制派遣分析的若干可靠性理论问题
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摘要
面向民用飞机与商用航空发动机的型号合格审定,需研究发动机控制系统时间限制派遣(TLD)分析的可靠性理论问题。基于TLD分析的开环与闭环马尔可夫模型,利用连续时间马尔可夫过程理论推导了发动机控制系统平均完整性水平的定义,该定义应当准确表述为不考虑维修时间的推力控制丧失(LOTC)频率;分别构建了单故障与多故障TLD分析的马尔可夫模型,分析了单故障与多故障TLD模型的特点。结果表明:与单故障模型相比,多故障TLD模型具有瞬时LOTC率是时间的函数、存在非派遣(ND)状态以及多故障状态有多种维修策略等特点;针对周期检查维修方式,利用条件寿命分布推导了检测间隔期发现故障条件下的平均故障前时间,进而求得平均故障暴露时间的计算公式。最后,结合某型实际FADEC系统给出了本文所提出理论的应用实例。
To facilitate the type certification of civil aircraft and commercial aircraft engines,reliability theoretical issues of Time Limited Dispatch(TLD)analysis for engine control systems are studied. Based on the open and closed Markov models of TLD analysis,the definition of the average integrity level of engine control systems is derived by using the theory of the time continuous Markov process. It is concluded that the accurate definition of the average integrity level is the Loss of Thrust Control(LOTC)frequency with negligible maintenance time. The Markov models of the single fault and multiple-fault TLD analysis are constructed respectively; and the characteristics of both models are analyzed based on the models. It is showed that the multiple-fault TLD model has three characteristics including the time varying instantaneous LOTC rate,the existence of no-dispatch(ND)states,and the multiple maintenance strategies of the multiple-fault state compared with the single fault TLD model. To the periodic inspection approach,the formula of the mean time to failure is derived by using the conditional life distribution in the case that faults are observed in the periodic inspection; and then,the formula of the average fault exposure time is derived. Finally,a case is given to illustrate the application of our proposed theories via a practical type of FADEC system.
To facilitate the type certification of civil aircraft and commercial aircraft engines,reliability theoretical issues of Time Limited Dispatch(TLD)analysis for engine control systems are studied. Based on the open and closed Markov models of TLD analysis,the definition of the average integrity level of engine control systems is derived by using the theory of the time continuous Markov process. It is concluded that the accurate definition of the average integrity level is the Loss of Thrust Control(LOTC)frequency with negligible maintenance time. The Markov models of the single fault and multiple-fault TLD analysis are constructed respectively; and the characteristics of both models are analyzed based on the models. It is showed that the multiple-fault TLD model has three characteristics including the time varying instantaneous LOTC rate,the existence of no-dispatch(ND)states,and the multiple maintenance strategies of the multiple-fault state compared with the single fault TLD model. To the periodic inspection approach,the formula of the mean time to failure is derived by using the conditional life distribution in the case that faults are observed in the periodic inspection; and then,the formula of the average fault exposure time is derived. Finally,a case is given to illustrate the application of our proposed theories via a practical type of FADEC system.
引文
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[20]Sung B,Schrage D P.Optimal Maintenance of a MultiUnit System under Dependencies[C].Fort Worth:Proceedings of 2009 Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium,2009:118-123.
[2]SAE International Group.ARP5107B Guidelines for Time-Limited-Dispatch(TLD)Analysis for Electronic Engine Control Systems[M].Washington D C:Society of Automotive Engineers,2006.
[3]SAE International S-18 Committee.ARP4761 Guidelines and Methods for Conducting the Safety Assessment Process on Civil Airborne System and Equipment[M].Washington D C:Society of Automotive Engineers,1996.
[4]陆中,戎翔,周伽,等.基于蒙特卡罗仿真的FADEC系统多故障TLD分析方法[J].航空学报,2015,36(12):3970-3979.
[5]赵皓岑,王彬,叶志锋.数控燃油计量装置联合建模方法研究[J].推进技术,2016,37(9):1752-1758.(ZHAO Hao-cen,WANG Bin,YE Zhi-feng.Study on Co-Modeling Method for Digital Control Fuel Metering Unit[J].Journal of Propulsion Technology,2016,37(9):1752-1758.)
[6]李睿超,郭迎清,李岩,等.基于数据集中器的超燃冲压发动机分布式控制系统通信方案设计[J].推进技术,2016,37(9):1766-1773.(LI Rui-chao,GUO Ying-qing,LI Yan,et al.Communication Scheme Design of Distributed Control System for Scramjet Engine Based on Data Concentrators[J].Journal of Propulsion Technology,2016,37(9):1766-1773.)
[7]United States Department of Transportation.Code of Federal Regulation Part 25(Amendment 25-123)Airworthiness Standards:Transport Category Airplanes[M].Washington D C:Federal Aviation Administration,2007.
[8]United States Department of Transportation.AC25.1309-1A,System Design and Analysis[M].Washington D C:Federal Aviation Administration,1988.
[9]European Aviation Safety Agency.CS-E(Amendment3)Certification Specifications for Engines[M].Koln:European Aviation Safety Agency,2010.
[10]United States Department of Transportation.AC33.28-3Guidance Material for 14 CFR33.28 Engine Control Systems[M].Washington D C:Federal Aviation Administration,2014.
[11]Prescott D R,Andrews J D.Aircraft Safety Modeling for Time-Limited Dispatch[C].Virginia:Proceedings of2005 Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium,2005:139-145.
[12]Prescott D R,Andrews J D.A Comparison of Modelling Approaches for the Time-Limited Dispatch(TLD)of Aircraft[J].Journal of Risk and Reliability,2006,220(1):9-20.
[13]Prescott D R,Andrews J D.Modeling and Specification of Time-Limited Dispatch Categories for Commercial Aircraft[J].Journal of Dynamic Systems,Measurement,and Control,2008,130(2):1-10.
[14]Prescott D R,Andrews J D.The Safe Dispatch of Aircraft with Known Faults[J].International Journal of Performability Engineering,2008,4(3):243-253.
[15]Prescott D R,Andrews J D.Monte Carlo Simulation Modelling of Aircraft Dispatch with Known Faults[C].Chengdu:8th International Conference on Reliability,Maintainability and Safety,2009:532-535.
[16]Finkelstein M.Failure Rate Modelling for Reliability and Risk[M].Berlin:Springer,2008:72-73.
[17]Lawler G F.Introduction to Stochastic Processes[M].Florada:CRC Press,2006:81-82.
[18]Birolini A.Reliability Engineering:Theory and Practice,Seventh Edition[M].Berlin:Springer,2007:498-500.
[19]Limnios N.Maintenance Optimization of a Digital Engine Control System with Limit Failure Rate Constrain[C].Harrogate:22nd Congress of International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences,2000:1-10.
[20]Sung B,Schrage D P.Optimal Maintenance of a MultiUnit System under Dependencies[C].Fort Worth:Proceedings of 2009 Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium,2009:118-123.