换水率和营养水平对太湖流域横山水库硅藻水华的影响
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摘要
为探讨水文过程对水库硅藻异常增殖的影响,对江苏宜兴横山水库的硅藻生消过程中浮游植物、水质、降水、水位、气温等指标进行观测研究.结果表明,横山水库硅藻年际生物量波动很大,9月出现明显的异常增殖,总生物量达到14.27 mg/L,硅藻的优势属为针杆藻(Synedra)、小环藻(Cyclotella)、曲壳藻(Achnanthes)和直链藻(Melosira),以针杆藻的优势度最高;浮游植物生物量与营养盐浓度关系不明显,与总氮浓度甚至呈负相关,但小环藻生物量与水体溶解性磷浓度呈正相关;水库的换水率与浮游植物生物量、硅藻的异常增殖过程和营养盐浓度水平均密切关联,总氮、溶解性磷浓度与水库换水率呈正相关,而硅藻生物量与水库换水率呈指数负相关.数值拟合分析显示硅藻生物量可以用换水率和磷浓度推算而得.研究表明,对于中营养水平的水库,硅藻生物量变化可能受水文过程与水质条件共同控制,在水库的硅藻水华防控中,既要加强营养盐水平的严格控制,也需考虑水文过程的调控手段.
Phytoplankton,water quality and water level in Hengshan Reservoir of Taihu Basin were studied with the meteorological indexes,in order to analyze the influence of hydrological process on diatom proliferation in the reservoir. The results reveal that the annual diatom biomass shows the significant fluctuations. The diatom proliferation in September is considerably high with the biomass of 14.27 mg/L. Genera of the dominant diatom are Synedra,Cyclotella,Achnanthes and Melosira,among which Synedra shows the highest abundance of dominance. Correlation of phytoplankton biomass with nutrients is weak and with the total nitrogen is even negative. Cyclotella biomass is positive related with soluble phosphorus. The water exchange rate in Hengshan Reservoir shows the strong controlling effect on algae biomass,diatom proliferation and nutrient level. Both total nitrogen and soluble phosphorus show the negative correlation with water exchange rate. The simulation analysis indicates that diatom biomass in Hengshan Reservoir is affected by the joint effects of hydrology and water quality. With the purpose of preventing and controlling diatom bloom in reservoirs,the management should pay an emphasis on both nutrient reduction and water residence time regulation.
Phytoplankton,water quality and water level in Hengshan Reservoir of Taihu Basin were studied with the meteorological indexes,in order to analyze the influence of hydrological process on diatom proliferation in the reservoir. The results reveal that the annual diatom biomass shows the significant fluctuations. The diatom proliferation in September is considerably high with the biomass of 14.27 mg/L. Genera of the dominant diatom are Synedra,Cyclotella,Achnanthes and Melosira,among which Synedra shows the highest abundance of dominance. Correlation of phytoplankton biomass with nutrients is weak and with the total nitrogen is even negative. Cyclotella biomass is positive related with soluble phosphorus. The water exchange rate in Hengshan Reservoir shows the strong controlling effect on algae biomass,diatom proliferation and nutrient level. Both total nitrogen and soluble phosphorus show the negative correlation with water exchange rate. The simulation analysis indicates that diatom biomass in Hengshan Reservoir is affected by the joint effects of hydrology and water quality. With the purpose of preventing and controlling diatom bloom in reservoirs,the management should pay an emphasis on both nutrient reduction and water residence time regulation.
引文
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[3]Lu Guihua,Zhang Jianhua.Present status and problems of comprehensive treatment of water environment in Taihu Lake and countermeasures.Water Resources Protection,2014,30(2):67-69.[陆桂华,张建华.太湖水环境综合治理的现状、问题及对策.水资源保护,2014,30(2):67-69.]
[4]Qin B,Zhu G,Zhang Y et al.A drinking water crisis in Lake Taihu,China:Linkage to climatic variability and lake management.Environmental Management,2010,45(1):105-112.
[5]Zhu G,Cui Y,Han X et al.Response of phytoplankton to nutrient reduction in Shahe Reservoir,Taihu catchment,China.Journal of Freshwater Ecology,2015,30(1):41-58.
[6]Ren Jie,Zhou Tao,Zhu Guangwei et al.Community structure characteristics of diatom in reservoirs located in the south of Jiangsu Province,China and its control factors.Environmental Science,2016,37(5):1742-1753.[任杰,周涛,朱广伟等.苏南水库硅藻群落结构特征及其控制因素.环境科学,2016,37(5):1742-1753.]
[7]Zhang Yunlin,Chen Weimin,Zhou Wanping et al.Ecological study on the phytoplankton in Lake Tianmu from 2001 to2002.Transactions on Oceanology and Limnology,2006,(2):31-37.[张运林,陈伟民,周万平等.2001-2002年天目湖(沙河水库)浮游植物的生态学研究.海洋湖沼通报,2006,(2):31-37.]
[8]Ma C,Yu H.Phytoplankton community structure in reservoirs of different trophic status,Northeast China.Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2013,31(3):471-481.
[9]Zhong Jingjing,Liu Maosong,Wang Yu et al.Spatial correlation of major water quality indices between the lake and rivers in Taihu Lake Basin.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(8):2176-2182.[钟晶晶,刘茂松,王玉等.太湖流域河流与湖泊间主要水质指标的空间关联特征.生态学杂志,2014,33(8):2176-2182.]
[10]Bai Xiaohua.Nitrogen and phosphorus load analysis in different water bodies in intensive rainfall events in mountain areas of Taihu basin.Environmental Science Survey,2009,28(4):71-74.[白晓华.太湖山地强降雨事件中不同水体的氮磷负荷分析.环境科学导刊,2009,28(4):71-74.]
[11]Valeriano-Riveros ME,Vilaclara G,Castillo-Sandoval FS et al.Phytoplankton composition changes during water level fluctuations in a high-altitude,tropical reservoir.Inland Waters,2014,4(3):337-348.
[12]Rangel LM,Silva LHS,Rosa P et al.Phytoplankton biomass is mainly controlled by hydrology and phosphorus concentrations in tropical hydroelectric reservoirs.Hydrobiologia,2012,693(1):13-28.
[13]Xie Fulin,Yu Tao.Current status and protection measures in water source area of Hengshan Reservoir.Journal of Hydroecology,2009,30(5):136-139.[谢福林,于涛.横山水库水源地水质现状及保护对策.水生态学杂志,2009,30(5):136-139.]
[14]Wu Donghao,Xu Zhaoan,Wang Yu et al.Seasonal variation of phytoplankton community structure in Hengshan Reservoir.Journal of Hydroecology,2012,33(4):54-57.[吴东浩,徐兆安,王玉等.横山水库浮游植物群落结构季节性变化特征.水生态学杂志,2012,33(4):54-57.]
[15]Xiao Jun,Zong Lianggang,Cao Dan et al.Research on distribution of soil nitrogen and phosphorus content under different types of land usage in Yixing.Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2012,43(2):347-352.[肖峻,宗良纲,曹丹等.宜兴地区不同利用方式下土壤氮,磷含量分布特性研究.土壤通报,2012,43(2):347-352.]
[16]Cui Yang,Zhu Guangwei,Li Huiyun et al.Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of water quality in Shahe Reservoir within Tianmuhu Reservoir and its relationship with phytoplankton community.Journal of Hydroecology,2014,35(3):10-18.[崔扬,朱广伟,李慧赟等.天目湖沙河水库水质时空分布特征及其与浮游植物群落的关系.水生态学杂志,2014,35(3):10-18.]
[17]Hu Hongjun,Wei Yinxin eds.The freshwater algae of China:Systematics,taxonomy and ecology.Beijing:Science Press,2006.[胡鸿钧,魏印心.中国淡水藻类——系统、分类及生态.北京:科学出版社,2006.]
[18]Sun Jun,Liu Dongyan,Qian Shuben.Study on phytoplankton biomass I.phytoplankton measurement biomass from cell volume or plasma volume.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,1999,21(2):75-85.[孙军,刘东艳,钱树本.浮游植物生物量研究:I.浮游植物生物量细胞体积转化法.海洋学报,1999,21(2):75-85.]
[19]Mc Naughton S.Relationships among functional properties of Californian grassland.Nature,1967,216:168-169.
[20]Hu Ren,Xiong Jiangxia,Han Boping.Structure and dynamics of phytoplankton assemblage in a small eutrophic reservoir with a short residence time.Ecology and Environment,2008,17(4):1319-1326.[胡韧,熊江霞,韩博平.具有短水力滞留的小型富营养化水库浮游植物群落结构与动态.生态环境,2008,17(4):1319-1326.]
[21]The R Development Core Team.R:A language and environment for statistical computing[EB/OL].Vienna,Austria:R Foundation for Statistical Computing.https://www.R-project.org/,2015-08-14.
[22]Wilkinson GN,Rogers CE.Symbolic descriptions of factorial models for analysis of variance.Applied Statistics,1973,22(3):392-399.
[23]He Ranran,Gao Yongxia,Wang Fang et al.Spatial-temporal distribution of nutrients and its causation in Tianmu Lake,China.Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2009,28(2):353-360.[贺冉冉,高永霞,王芳等.天目湖水体与沉积物中营养盐时空分布及成因.农业环境科学学报,2009,28(2):353-360.]
[24]Zheng Jianjun,Zhong Chenghua,Deng Chunguang.Discussion on definition of algal bloom.Water Resources Protection,2006,22(5):45-47.[郑建军,钟成华,邓春光.试论水华的定义.水资源保护,2006,22(5):45-47.]
[25]Soares MCS,Huszar VLM,Roland F.Phytoplankton dynamics in two tropical rivers with different degrees of human impact(Southeast Brazil).River Research and Applications,2007,23(7):698-714.
[26]Zhu Guangwei,Jin Yingwei,Ren Jie et al.Characteristics of diatom blooms in a reservoir-water supply area and the countermeasures in Taihu Basin,China.J Lake Sci,2016,28(1):9-21.DOI:10.18307/2016.0102.[朱广伟,金颖薇,任杰等.太湖流域水库型水源地硅藻水华发生特征及对策分析.湖泊科学,2016,28(1):9-21.]
[27]Kosten S,Huszar VLM,Mazzeo N et al.Lake and watershed characteristics rather than climate influence nutrient limitation in shallow lakes.Ecological Applications,2009,19(7):1791-1804.
[28]Saros JE,Anderson NJ.The ecology of the planktonic diatom Cyclotella and its implications for global environmental change studies.Biological Reviews,2015,90(2):522-541.
[29]Becker V,Caputo L,Ordó1ez J et al.Driving factors of the phytoplankton functional groups in a deep Mediterranean reservoir.Water Research,2010,44(11):3345-3354.
[30]Huang Tinglin,Qin Changhai,Li Xuan.Studies on seasonal variation and sources of nitrogen and phosphorus in a canyon reservoir used as water source.Environmental Science,2013,34(9):3423-3429.[黄廷林,秦昌海,李璇.峡谷型水源水库的氮、磷季节变化及其来源分析.环境科学,2013,34(9):3423-3429.]
[31]Guo Huaicheng,Xiang Nan,Zhou Feng et al.First flush effects of storm events of baoxiang river in Lake Dianchi watershed.Environmental Science,2013,34(4):1298-1307.[郭怀成,向男,周丰等.滇池流域宝象河暴雨径流初始冲刷效应.环境科学,2013,34(4):1298-1307.]
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