纳米材料对混凝土耐久性和功能性影响研究
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摘要
为了探究纳米混凝土耐久性和功能性研究的进展与困境,对不同种类纳米材料对混凝土耐久性和功能性的影响进行了分类整理和分析,并对纳米材料在混凝土中的应用前景进行了展望。研究发现:(1)纳米材料可以有效改善混凝土孔隙结构,并且参与混凝土水化,从而提高混凝土的抗冻、抗渗、抗冲磨、抗腐蚀等耐久性能;(2)纳米材料的掺入还可以使混凝土产生压敏导电性能、光催化自清洁性能以及电磁屏蔽性能,具有广阔的应用前景;(3)目前纳米混凝土存在纳米材料造价较高且过量掺加会使优化效果降低的问题。因此,从经济和性能两方面考虑,纳米材料在混凝土中的掺加存在一个最优掺量。最后给出了两个典型工程案例介绍纳米混凝土在水工建筑物中的成功应用,为纳米材料在混凝土中的应用提供有价值的参考。
In order to explore the progress and difficulty of the study made on the durability and functionality of nano-concrete,the influences from different kinds of nano-materials on the durability and functionality of concrete are sorted and analyzed herein,while the prospect of the application of nano-material to concrete is expected as well.The study finds out that (1) nano-material can effectively improve the pore-structure of concrete and participate in the hydration of concrete,thus enhance the durability performances of concrete,such as frost resistance,anti-seepage,abrasion resistance,corrosion resistance,etc.; (2) if nano-material is mixed into concrete,the concrete can generate the performances of pressure-sensitive electrical conductivity,photo-catalytic self-cleaning and electromagnetic shielding,thus has a wide application prospect; (3) the problems are there for nano-concrete at present,i.e.the cost of nano-material is higher,while if it is excessively mixed into concrete,its optimized effect is to be lowered.Therefore,under the consideration of economy and performance,an optimal mixing amount is there for mixing nanomaterial into concrete Finally,the successful application of nano-concrete to the construction of hydraulic structure is described through two typical engineering cases,so as to provide valuable references for applying nano-material to concrete.
In order to explore the progress and difficulty of the study made on the durability and functionality of nano-concrete,the influences from different kinds of nano-materials on the durability and functionality of concrete are sorted and analyzed herein,while the prospect of the application of nano-material to concrete is expected as well.The study finds out that (1) nano-material can effectively improve the pore-structure of concrete and participate in the hydration of concrete,thus enhance the durability performances of concrete,such as frost resistance,anti-seepage,abrasion resistance,corrosion resistance,etc.; (2) if nano-material is mixed into concrete,the concrete can generate the performances of pressure-sensitive electrical conductivity,photo-catalytic self-cleaning and electromagnetic shielding,thus has a wide application prospect; (3) the problems are there for nano-concrete at present,i.e.the cost of nano-material is higher,while if it is excessively mixed into concrete,its optimized effect is to be lowered.Therefore,under the consideration of economy and performance,an optimal mixing amount is there for mixing nanomaterial into concrete Finally,the successful application of nano-concrete to the construction of hydraulic structure is described through two typical engineering cases,so as to provide valuable references for applying nano-material to concrete.
引文
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[20]LIJIMA S.Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon[J].Nature,1991,354(6348):56-56.
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[25]王宝民,韩瑜,宋凯.碳纳米管水泥基材料耐久性理论探讨[J].低温建筑技术,2011,33(11):1-3.
[26]TONG T,FAN Z,LIU Q,et al.Investigation of the effects of graphene and graphene oxide nanoplatelets on the micro-and macroproperties of cementitious materials[J].Construction and building materials,2016,106:102-114.
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[28]FAN Z.Investigation on properties of cementitious materials reinforced by graphene[J].Biological control,2014,75(4):39-47.
[29]TONG T,FAN Z,LIU Q,et al.Investigation of the effects of graphene and graphene oxide nanoplatelets on the micro-and macroproperties of cementitious materials[J].Construction andbuilding materials,2016,106:102-114.
[30]雷斌,邹俊,饶春华,等.氧化石墨烯对再生混凝土改性试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2016,37(S2):103-108.
[31]王辉,刘爱红,李航.石墨烯纳米片对水泥基复合材料力学性能的影响[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2015(12):25-27.
[32]CHEN P W,CHUNG D D L.Carbon fiber reinforced concrete for smart structures capable of non-destructive flaw detection[J].Smart materials and structures,1993,2(1):22-30.
[33]庄国方.纳米碳纤维混凝土在劈裂及抗弯试验中的压敏特性研究[J].世界桥梁,2012,40(4):69-72.
[34]高迪,彭立敏,莫诒隆.纳米碳纤维自密实混凝土的电阻特性[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2011,43(5):52-58.
[35]吴献,郎东莹,杨昆.碳纤维混凝土热电效应的试验[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2012,28(3):467-472.
[36]王建雷,赵云里,和晓博,等.碳纳米管对混凝土性能的影响研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2016,35(7):2193-2197.
[37]韩宝国,关新春,欧进萍.纳米氧化钛与碳纤维水泥石的电阻率及压敏性[J].硅酸盐学报,2004,32(7):884-887.
[38]关强,陈萌.公路水泥混凝土路面喷涂纳米Ti O2净化机动车排放污染物研究[J].公路交通科技,2009,26(3):154-158.
[39]CHEN M,JIN L.Study on the decontamination of vehicle emissions NOx of nano-Ti O2by photocatalytic road material[J].Wit transactions on information andcommunication technologies,2014,48:285-293.
[40]胡力群,张靖,杨凤雷.具有降解NO功能的多孔水泥混凝土路面材料研究[J].广西大学学报(自然科学版),2015,40(1):99-105.
[41]唐洁,张衍林.纳米光催化多孔隙混凝土对二氧化氮净化效果研究[J].公路工程,2016,41(2):118-122.
[42]PANESAR D K,DOLATABADI M.Properties of photocatalytic concrete[J].Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2014,42(5):579-854.
[43]HASSAN H E,BADRAN H M,AYDAROUS A,et al.Studying the effect of nano lead compounds additives on the concrete shielding properties forγ-rays[J].Nuclear instruments&methods in physics research,2015,360(1):81-89.
[44]MICHELI D,MARCHETTI M,PASTORE R,et al.Shielding effectiveness of carbon nanotube reinforced concrete composites by reverberation chamber measurements[C]//ICAA.International conference on electromagnetics in advanced applications.Australia:IEEE,2015:145-148.
[45]DING S Q,ZHANG L Q,SUN S W,et al.Nano-Engineered strong,durable and multifunctional/smart concretes[J].Key engineering materials,2016,727(2):1084-1088.
[46]谢虎,陈国华.水泥基纳米石墨复合材料的电磁屏蔽性能[J].功能材料,2009,40(7):1219-1221.
[47]黄秋丽,武选正.XPM纳米材料在锦屏水电站辅助洞工程喷混凝土中的应用[J].四川水力发电,2013,32(s1):117-119.
[48]李林松.硅基纳米防护材料在三峡大坝防护施工中的应用[J].施工技术,2008,37(10):45-46.
[2]CHUAH S,PAN Z,SANJAYAN J G,et al.Nano reinforced cement and concrete composites and new perspective from graphene oxide[J].Construction and building materials,2014,73:113-124.
[3]朱靖塞,许金余,白二雷,等.不同减水剂对纳米Ca CO3分散性及水泥基复合材料力学性能的影响[J].混凝土,2015(8):71-73.
[4]董健苗,马铭彬.分散方法对纳米Si O2增强水泥基材料性能的影响[J].混凝土,2011(4):95-96.
[5]DU H,DU S,LIU X.Durability performances of concrete with nano-silica[J].Construction and building materials,2014,73:705-712.
[6]李晗,高丹盈,赵军.纤维纳米混凝土力学性能和抗氯离子渗透性能的研究[J].华北水利水电学院学报,2012,33(6):39-45.
[7]STEVE W M S,FAIZ U A S.Effect of Nano-Ca CO3on compressive strength development of high volume fly ash mortars and concretes[J].Journal of advanced concrete technology,2014,12(6):178-186.
[8]LU C,LI S,LEI L,et al.Bending strength properties of cement modified with nano-materials[J].Electronic journal of geotechnical engineering,2015,20(8):3647-3654.
[9]刘丹,杜应吉,史凯方.纳米二氧化硅对活性粉末混凝土力学性能影响的试验研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2011(12):127-130.
[10]CHITHRA S,SENTHIL KUMAR S R R,CHINNARAJU K.The effect of colloidal Nano-silica on workability,mechanical and durability properties of high performance concrete with copper slag as partial fine aggregate[J].Construction and building materials,2016,113:794-804.
[11]黄功学,谢晓鹏.纳米Si O2对水工混凝土耐久性影响试验研究[J].人民黄河,2011,33(7):138-140.
[12]李固华,高波.纳米Si O2对混凝土盐类结晶循环性能的影响[J].西南交通大学学报,2007,42(1):70-74.
[13]张伟,马芹永.纳米Si O2改性补偿收缩混凝土受硫酸盐侵蚀后压拉性能分析[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2013(12):13-16.
[14]AN Y X.Effect of Nano materials on durability of high performance concrete[J].Advanced materials research,2013,742:220-223.
[15]SHAIKH F U A,SUPIT S W M.Chloride induced corrosion durability of high volume fly ash concretes containing nano particles[J].Construction and building materials,2015,99:208-225.
[16]BEHFARNIA K,SALEMI N.The effects of nano-silica and nanoalumina on frost resistance of normal concrete[J].Construction and building materials,2013,48(19):580-584.
[17]ZHANG M H,LI H.Pore structure and chloride permeability of concrete containing nano-particles for pavement[J].Construction and building materials,2011,25(2):608-616.
[18]MARTINS T,PACHECO-TORGAL F,MIRALDO S,et al.An experimental investigation on nano-Ti O2and fly ash based high performance concrete[J].Indian concrete journal,2016,90(1):23-31.
[19]SHEKARI A H,RAZZAGHI M S.Influence of nano particles on durability and mechanical properties of high performance concrete[J].Procedia engineering,2011,14:3036-3041.
[20]LIJIMA S.Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon[J].Nature,1991,354(6348):56-56.
[21]董树荣,张孝彬.新型纳米材料——纳米碳管[J].材料科学与工程学报,1998,31(2):19-23.
[22]张喜娥.碳纳米管水泥基复合材料的力学性能和抗冻性能研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2015,34(9):2686-2690.
[23]陈娴.纳米碳纤维高强混凝土抗腐蚀性能试验研究[D].银川:宁夏大学,2014.
[24]狄生奎,曹辉.低温下碳纤维混凝土的试验研究[J].低温建筑技术,2009,31(9):6-7.
[25]王宝民,韩瑜,宋凯.碳纳米管水泥基材料耐久性理论探讨[J].低温建筑技术,2011,33(11):1-3.
[26]TONG T,FAN Z,LIU Q,et al.Investigation of the effects of graphene and graphene oxide nanoplatelets on the micro-and macroproperties of cementitious materials[J].Construction and building materials,2016,106:102-114.
[27]MOHAMMED A,SANJAYAN J G,DUAN W H,et al.Graphene oxide impact on hardened cement expressed in enhanced freeze-thaw resistance[J].Journal of materials in civil engineering,2016,28(9):1-6.
[28]FAN Z.Investigation on properties of cementitious materials reinforced by graphene[J].Biological control,2014,75(4):39-47.
[29]TONG T,FAN Z,LIU Q,et al.Investigation of the effects of graphene and graphene oxide nanoplatelets on the micro-and macroproperties of cementitious materials[J].Construction andbuilding materials,2016,106:102-114.
[30]雷斌,邹俊,饶春华,等.氧化石墨烯对再生混凝土改性试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2016,37(S2):103-108.
[31]王辉,刘爱红,李航.石墨烯纳米片对水泥基复合材料力学性能的影响[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2015(12):25-27.
[32]CHEN P W,CHUNG D D L.Carbon fiber reinforced concrete for smart structures capable of non-destructive flaw detection[J].Smart materials and structures,1993,2(1):22-30.
[33]庄国方.纳米碳纤维混凝土在劈裂及抗弯试验中的压敏特性研究[J].世界桥梁,2012,40(4):69-72.
[34]高迪,彭立敏,莫诒隆.纳米碳纤维自密实混凝土的电阻特性[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2011,43(5):52-58.
[35]吴献,郎东莹,杨昆.碳纤维混凝土热电效应的试验[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2012,28(3):467-472.
[36]王建雷,赵云里,和晓博,等.碳纳米管对混凝土性能的影响研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2016,35(7):2193-2197.
[37]韩宝国,关新春,欧进萍.纳米氧化钛与碳纤维水泥石的电阻率及压敏性[J].硅酸盐学报,2004,32(7):884-887.
[38]关强,陈萌.公路水泥混凝土路面喷涂纳米Ti O2净化机动车排放污染物研究[J].公路交通科技,2009,26(3):154-158.
[39]CHEN M,JIN L.Study on the decontamination of vehicle emissions NOx of nano-Ti O2by photocatalytic road material[J].Wit transactions on information andcommunication technologies,2014,48:285-293.
[40]胡力群,张靖,杨凤雷.具有降解NO功能的多孔水泥混凝土路面材料研究[J].广西大学学报(自然科学版),2015,40(1):99-105.
[41]唐洁,张衍林.纳米光催化多孔隙混凝土对二氧化氮净化效果研究[J].公路工程,2016,41(2):118-122.
[42]PANESAR D K,DOLATABADI M.Properties of photocatalytic concrete[J].Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2014,42(5):579-854.
[43]HASSAN H E,BADRAN H M,AYDAROUS A,et al.Studying the effect of nano lead compounds additives on the concrete shielding properties forγ-rays[J].Nuclear instruments&methods in physics research,2015,360(1):81-89.
[44]MICHELI D,MARCHETTI M,PASTORE R,et al.Shielding effectiveness of carbon nanotube reinforced concrete composites by reverberation chamber measurements[C]//ICAA.International conference on electromagnetics in advanced applications.Australia:IEEE,2015:145-148.
[45]DING S Q,ZHANG L Q,SUN S W,et al.Nano-Engineered strong,durable and multifunctional/smart concretes[J].Key engineering materials,2016,727(2):1084-1088.
[46]谢虎,陈国华.水泥基纳米石墨复合材料的电磁屏蔽性能[J].功能材料,2009,40(7):1219-1221.
[47]黄秋丽,武选正.XPM纳米材料在锦屏水电站辅助洞工程喷混凝土中的应用[J].四川水力发电,2013,32(s1):117-119.
[48]李林松.硅基纳米防护材料在三峡大坝防护施工中的应用[J].施工技术,2008,37(10):45-46.