爆炸冲击波和高速破片载荷的复合作用特性及判据研究
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摘要
为探讨爆炸冲击波和高速破片对固支方板的复合作用特性,设计端部预制破片的TNT近爆试验。分析了大尺度薄板在不同载荷情况作用下的毁伤形貌,根据试验结果提出了结合载荷强度和作用时间来判定是否发生复合作用的判据。结果表明:在近距离爆炸时,平板在载荷复合作用下整体发生大挠曲变形,局部受高速破群作用发生密集的侵彻穿孔,两种载荷具有很强的复合毁伤能力;当距离增大后冲击波的毁伤能力极大减弱,达到一定范围距离后,破片成为防护结构的主要设计载荷,可以忽略复合作用;通过判据可以比较合理地判断出结构在某一爆距下,冲击波和高速破片两种载荷是否发生复合作用,并可以计算需要考虑复合作用的区间。
In order to explore multiple impact characteristics of blast shock waves and high-velocity fragments on clamped square plates, TNT near detonation tests for ends' prefabricated fragments were designed. The damage morphology of large scaled thin plates under different blast loads was analyzed.Based on test results, a criterion was proposed to judge if multiple impact happens using load intensity combined with impact time. Results showed that when blasting happens at close range, the whole plate has a large flexural deformation under multiple impact, and its local has dense penetrated perforations under the action of high-velocity fragments, the loads in these two cases have a very strong damage ability; with increase in the distance the shock waves' damage ability weakens greatly, after reaching a certain distance, the fragments become the main design loads of protective structures to neglect the multiple impact; the criterion can be used to determine if there is multiple impact of shock waves and high-velocity fragments on a structure under a certain blasting distance, and calculate the blasting distance interval requiring to consider the multiple impact.
In order to explore multiple impact characteristics of blast shock waves and high-velocity fragments on clamped square plates, TNT near detonation tests for ends' prefabricated fragments were designed. The damage morphology of large scaled thin plates under different blast loads was analyzed.Based on test results, a criterion was proposed to judge if multiple impact happens using load intensity combined with impact time. Results showed that when blasting happens at close range, the whole plate has a large flexural deformation under multiple impact, and its local has dense penetrated perforations under the action of high-velocity fragments, the loads in these two cases have a very strong damage ability; with increase in the distance the shock waves' damage ability weakens greatly, after reaching a certain distance, the fragments become the main design loads of protective structures to neglect the multiple impact; the criterion can be used to determine if there is multiple impact of shock waves and high-velocity fragments on a structure under a certain blasting distance, and calculate the blasting distance interval requiring to consider the multiple impact.
引文
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[14] 孙业斌.爆炸作用与装药设计[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1987.
[15] 吴有生,彭兴宁,赵本立.爆炸载荷作用下舰船板架的变形与破损[J].中国造船,1995(4):55-61.WU Yousheng,PENG Xingning,ZHAO Benli.Plastic deformation and damage of naval panels subjected to explosion loading[J].Ship Building of China,1995(4):55-61.
[16] 陈志坚.舰艇振动学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2010.
[17] 马永忠,赵田安,汪勇.弹丸破片速度衰减规律研究[J].弹道学报,2006,18(4):54-56.MA Yongzhong,ZHAO Tianan,WANG Yong.Velocity attenuation regularity of projectile fragments[J].Journal of Ballistics,2006,18(4):54-56.
[2] 王晓强,朱锡.舰船用钢的抗弹道冲击性能研究进展[J].中国造船,2010,51(1):227-236.WANG Xiaoqiang,ZHU Xi.Review on ballistic impact resistance of ship building steel[J].Shipbuilding of China,2010,51(1):227-236.
[3] 何翔,庞伟宾,曲建波,等.防护门在空气冲击波和破片作用下的破坏[J].爆炸与冲击,2004,24(5):475-479.HE Xiang,PANG Weibin,QU Jianbo,et al.Protective door damaged by air shock wave and fragment arisen from explosion in prototype tunnel[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2004,24(5):475-479.
[4] 张成亮,朱锡,侯海量,等.爆炸冲击波与高速破片对夹层结构的联合毁伤效应试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(15):184-188.ZHANG Chengliang,ZHU Xi,HOU Hailiang,et al.Tests for multiple damage effect of blast waves and high-velocity fragments on composite sandwich plates[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2014,33(15):184-188.
[5] NYSTR?M U,GYLLTOFT K.Numerical studies of the combined effects of blast and fragment loading[J].Intemational Journal of Impact Engineering,2009,36(8):995-1005.
[6] 李茂,侯海量,朱锡,等.冲击波和高速破片对固支方板的联合作用数值模拟研究[J].中国舰船研究,2015,10(6):60-67.LI Mao,HOU Hailiang,ZHU Xi,et al.Numerical simulation of steel plates subjected to the impact of both impact wave and fragments[J].Chinese Journal of Ship Research,2015,10(6):60-67.
[7] 赵德辉,许金余,张燕.武器爆炸条件下冲击波与弹片共同作用数值模拟分析[J].西北工业大学学报,2006,24(3):334-337.ZHAO Dehui,XU Jinyu,ZHANG Yan.Velocities and displacements of shrapnel and shock wave during blast[J].Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University,2006,24(3):334-337.
[8] 吕晓聪,许金余,白二雷,等.弹片与爆炸冲击波耦合作用分析[J].解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版),2007,8(6):640-644.Lü Xiaocong,XU Jinyu,BAI Erlei,et al.Analysis of coupling between shrapnel and blast shock wave[J].Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology(Sci.Ed.),2007,8(6):640-644.
[9] 侯海量,张成亮,李茂,等.冲击波和高速破片联合作用下夹芯复合舱壁结构毁伤特性实验研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2015,35(1):116-123.HOU Hailiang,ZHANG Chengliang,LI Mao,et al.Damage characteristics of sandwich bulk head under the impact of shock and high-velocity fragments[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2015,35(1):116-123.
[10] 贾光辉,张国伟,裴思行,等.爆炸载荷作用下离散平板运动速度的工程计算[J].爆炸与冲击,1999,19(2):173-176.JIA Guanghui,ZHANG Guowei,PEI Sixing,et al.Enginering calculation of dispersed plates under explosive loading[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,1999,19(2):173-176.
[11] 隋树元,王树山.终点效应学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2000:133-136.
[12] 奥尔连科(俄) .爆炸物理学(孙承纬译)[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:534-548.
[13] 陈长海.舰船舷侧多层复合防护结构抗毁伤机理研究[D].武汉:海军工程大学,2013.
[14] 孙业斌.爆炸作用与装药设计[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1987.
[15] 吴有生,彭兴宁,赵本立.爆炸载荷作用下舰船板架的变形与破损[J].中国造船,1995(4):55-61.WU Yousheng,PENG Xingning,ZHAO Benli.Plastic deformation and damage of naval panels subjected to explosion loading[J].Ship Building of China,1995(4):55-61.
[16] 陈志坚.舰艇振动学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2010.
[17] 马永忠,赵田安,汪勇.弹丸破片速度衰减规律研究[J].弹道学报,2006,18(4):54-56.MA Yongzhong,ZHAO Tianan,WANG Yong.Velocity attenuation regularity of projectile fragments[J].Journal of Ballistics,2006,18(4):54-56.