哈尔滨市空气质量特征及其与气象要素的关系
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摘要
利用哈尔滨市2014—2016年逐日空气质量指数(AQI)数据,结合同期气象观测资料,分析了哈尔滨市空气质量的变化特征、主要污染物及与主要气象要素之间的关系。结果表明:近3 a间,哈尔滨空气质量为良级别的天数最多,占47%,达到污染级别的天数占31%,2016年空气质量最佳,优良级别的天数达到284 d,占全年78%;春夏季AQI指数较低,秋冬季AQI指数明显偏高,9月空气质量全年最佳,1月空气质量最差; PM_(2. 5)是造成哈尔滨空气污染的最主要污染物,其次是PM_(10)、NO_2和臭氧8 h(O3-8 h); AQI与气压之间以正相关为主,秋冬季最为显著;与风速主要表现为负相关,冬季尤为显著;与气温的关系受到采暖的干扰差异较大,年尺度及秋冬季呈负相关,月尺度呈正相关;与降水日数呈负相关;与相对湿度冬季表现为显著正相关,而5—9月为负相关。
Based on the air quality index(AQI) and meteorological observation data from 2014 to 2016,the variations of air quality and main pollutants and the relationship between AQI and the main meteorological factors in Harbin were analyzed. The results show that the number of days reaching the good air quality level is the highest,accounting for 47%,that reaching the level of pollution accounts for 31% during this time. The air quality in 2016 is the best. The AQI index is lower in spring and summer,and significantly higher in autumn and winter. The best air quality is found in September and the worst time occurs in winter. PM_(2. 5) is the major pollutant causing air pollution in Harbin,followed by PM_(10),NO_2,and ozone for 8 hours. The correlation between AQI and air pressure is positive and reaches the most significant level in autumn and winter. Wind speed shows mainly negative correlation with AQI,especially in winter. The relationship between temperature and AQI is disturbed by the changes in building heating. It shows a negative correlation in the time scales of annual,autumn and winter. However,it shows a positive correlation in the monthly scales. It has a negative correlation with precipitation,a significant positive correlation with relative humidity in winter and a negative correlation with relative humidity from May to September.
Based on the air quality index(AQI) and meteorological observation data from 2014 to 2016,the variations of air quality and main pollutants and the relationship between AQI and the main meteorological factors in Harbin were analyzed. The results show that the number of days reaching the good air quality level is the highest,accounting for 47%,that reaching the level of pollution accounts for 31% during this time. The air quality in 2016 is the best. The AQI index is lower in spring and summer,and significantly higher in autumn and winter. The best air quality is found in September and the worst time occurs in winter. PM_(2. 5) is the major pollutant causing air pollution in Harbin,followed by PM_(10),NO_2,and ozone for 8 hours. The correlation between AQI and air pressure is positive and reaches the most significant level in autumn and winter. Wind speed shows mainly negative correlation with AQI,especially in winter. The relationship between temperature and AQI is disturbed by the changes in building heating. It shows a negative correlation in the time scales of annual,autumn and winter. However,it shows a positive correlation in the monthly scales. It has a negative correlation with precipitation,a significant positive correlation with relative humidity in winter and a negative correlation with relative humidity from May to September.
引文
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[18]朱红蕊,刘赫男,张洪玲,等.气候变暖背景下黑龙江省采暖耗能的变化特征[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(15):85-90.
[19]全国信息与文献工作标准化技术委员会出版物格式分委员会.HJ633-2012,环境空气质量指数(AQI)技术规定[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012.
[20]康恒元,刘玉莲,李涛.黑龙江省重点城市AQI指数特征及其与气象要素之关系[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(4):692-703.
[21]李德平,程兴宏,于永涛,等.北京地区三级以上污染日的气象影响因子初步分析[J].气象与环境学报,2010,26(3):7-13.
[22]李文杰,张时煌,高庆先,等.京津石三市空气污染指数(API)的时空分布特征及其与气象要素的关系[J].资源科学,2012,34(8):1392-1400.
[2]白雪,张翠艳,纪源,等.锦州市空气质量变化特征及其与气象条件关系[J].气象与环境学报,2016,32(2):52-58.
[3]李彩霞,朱国强,李浩,等.长沙市PM10、PM2.5污染特征及其与气象条件的关系[M].安徽农业科学,2015,43(12):173-176.
[4]张裕芬,朱坦,冯银厂,等.气象因素对环境空气质量达标的影响分析[J].城市环境与城市生态,2006,19(4):33-36.
[5]毛卓成,马井会,翟元昊,等.2015年上海地区空气质量状况及其与气象条件的关系[J].气象与环境学报,2018,34(2):52-60.
[6]席云.大气中PM10浓度与气象因素的关系[J].保山师专学报,2004,23(5):25-28.
[7]郑美秀,周学鸣.厦门空气污染指数与地面气象要素的关系分析[J].气象与环境学报,2010,26(3):53-57.
[8]杨莹,王琨,崔晨,等.哈尔滨市大气污染与气象因素的相关性分析[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(12):5945-5950.
[9]隋珂珂,王自发,杨军,等.北京PM10持续污染及与常规气象要素的关系[J].环境科学研究,2007,20(6):77-82.
[10]毛卓成,马井会,瞿元昊,等.2015年上海地区空气质量状况及其与气象条件的关系[J]气象与环境学报,2018,34(2):52-60.
[11]邹旭东,杨洪斌,张云海,等.1951-2012年沈阳市气象条件变化及其与空气污染的关系分析[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(1):76-83.
[12]张欣,王体健,陈璞珑,等.2016年春节期间上海市空气质量分析[J].生态环境学报,2018,34(1):52-60.
[13]孙家仁,许振成,刘煜,等.气候变化对环境空气质量影响的研究进展[J].气候与环境研究,2011,16(6):805-814.
[14]周兆媛,张时煌,高庆先,等.京津冀地区气象要素对空气质量的影响及未来变化趋势分析[J].资源科学,2014,36(1):191-199.
[15]赵惠芳,杨建东,陈雅莲,等.气象条件对晋江城市空气质量的影响[J].气象与环境学报,2009,25(4):11-16.
[16]张燕杰,蔺泽一,郑煜.哈尔滨市寒冷月份空气质量指数与空气污染的相关性[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(11):122-126.
[17]郑煜,蔺泽一,张燕杰,等.哈尔滨冬季气象要素对空气质量指数的影响分析[J].黑龙江大学自然科学学报,2015,32(6):805-809.
[18]朱红蕊,刘赫男,张洪玲,等.气候变暖背景下黑龙江省采暖耗能的变化特征[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(15):85-90.
[19]全国信息与文献工作标准化技术委员会出版物格式分委员会.HJ633-2012,环境空气质量指数(AQI)技术规定[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012.
[20]康恒元,刘玉莲,李涛.黑龙江省重点城市AQI指数特征及其与气象要素之关系[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(4):692-703.
[21]李德平,程兴宏,于永涛,等.北京地区三级以上污染日的气象影响因子初步分析[J].气象与环境学报,2010,26(3):7-13.
[22]李文杰,张时煌,高庆先,等.京津石三市空气污染指数(API)的时空分布特征及其与气象要素的关系[J].资源科学,2012,34(8):1392-1400.