春夏两季连翘光合作用的土壤水分阈值效应及生产力分级
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摘要
【目的】研究春、夏两季连翘叶片光合作用多级土壤水分梯度的响应过程,阐明连翘光合作用的土壤水分阈值效应和生产力分级范围,并进行季节间比较,为春、夏季土壤水分胁迫下连翘的风险诊断和田间植物的土壤水分管理提供科学依据。【方法】以2年生连翘苗木为材料开展温室盆栽试验,通过测定人工给水后植物自然耗水的方法分别获取春季14组和夏季10组土壤水分梯度,利用Li-6400光合作用系统测定2个季节连翘叶片的光合作用光响应过程,并以净光合速率(P_n)和水分利用效率(WUE)分别作为评价土壤水分对连翘的"产"、"效"指标,研究2个季节连翘的土壤水分阈值效应及其生产力分级。【结果】1)当春、夏季土壤相对含水量(RSWC)分别降低至37.5%和46.2%时,随着RSWC继续降低,P_n和WUE显著降低,连翘光合作用的气孔限制转为非气孔限制,P_n和Gs之间由线性正比关系转为非线性正比关系;2)春、夏季P_n,WUE对RSWC的响应过程均可用多项式较好地拟合,由此可确定2个季节连翘的P_n水分补偿点、P_n均值水分点、WUE均值水分点、P_n水分饱和点和WUE水分高效点,借助坐标轴图示,可将土壤水分对连翘的有效性分为无产无效水(春季RSWC≤26.1%,夏季RSWC≤26.4%)、低产低效水(春季RSWC为26.1%~37.5%,夏季RSWC为26.4%~46.2%)、中产中效水(春季RSWC为37.5%~39.5%或80%~100%,夏季RSWC为46.2%~47.8%或95.7%~100%)、高产中效水(夏季RSWC为47.8%~49.2%,83.7%~95.7%)和高产高效水(春季RSWC为39.5%~80.0%,夏季RSWC为49.2%~83.7%);3)夏季土壤水分阈值(水分补偿点除外)均高于春季,有效水分范围(低产低效水、中产中效水、高产中效水、高产高效水)内夏季各级"产-效"水的上限、下限均高于春季,表明连翘对土壤水分含量的要求因生长发育时期不同而异。【结论】植物水分管理中要兼顾生长发育时期的影响,同时为了获得较高的连翘"产"、"效"水平,需维持春季39.5%≤RSWC≤80.0%、夏季49.2%≤RSWC≤83.7%的高产高效水。
【Objective】Under the influence of global climate change,the Northern China is experiencing more and more severe volatility in soil water contents,which may significantly affect photosynthesis. The objective was to elucidate the threshold effects of photosynthesis in leaves of Forsythia suspense to soil moisture,clarify the threshold range of photosynthetic productivity,and define the regional water adaptability,by investing the photosynthetic responses of F.suspense to different soil water conditions in spring and summer. 【Method 】A potted experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with two-year-old F. suspense seedlings. During the experiment,14 levels of soil water regimes in spring and 10 levels in summer were applied with the artificial water supply and the natural water consumption by plants. At each soil
water level in both spring and summer,light response of photosynthesis of F. suspensa was measured by using a Li- 6400 portable photosynthesis system. By defining the net photosynthetic rate( P_n) and water use efficiency(WUE) of photosynthesis as the index of plant productivity and soil water efficiency,respectively,key thresholds and the grading of soil water in summer and spring were investigated. 【Result】The results showed that when the relative soil water content( RSWC) decreased to 37. 5% in spring and to 46. 2% in summer,both P_nand WUE showed an obvious decrease with the continuous decreasing of RSWC. At the soil water point,the stomatal limitation changed into non-stomatal limitation in both seasons and the relationship between P_nand stomatal conductance(G_s) was also changed from linear relationship into non-linear relationship as RSWC decreased. All these indicated that when soil water decreased to the turning water point of stomatal mechanism of P_n( RSWC_(SL→nSL)),P_nbegun to decrease seriously as the non-stomatal limitation dominated the decrease of photosynthesis. Thus,we defined RSWC_(SL→nSL)as the lower limit of soil water maintaining high productivity and efficiency in which P_nor WUE would be above the average level. As a result,the soil water point( RSWC_(SL→nSL)) was also one of the key thresholds of soil water. Meanwhile,the processes of P_nand WUE responding to RSWC in spring and summer were both able to be better fitted by polynomial,by which the other soil water thresholds were determined,including the water compensation point of P_n( RSWCP_n point of P water point n= 0),the water saturation( RSWCPn= max),theof average P_n( RSWCPuration point of WUE( RSWC_(n=ave)),the water satWUE = max),and the water point of average WUE( RSWC_(WUE=ave)). RSWCPfined as the lower limit of the low n= 0,RSWC_(SL→nSL),and RSWCPn= ave( or RSWC_(WUE=ave)) were deproductivity or efficiency water,of the middle productivity or efficiency water,and of the high productivity or efficiency water,respectively,we graded the soil water of F. suspensa in both spring and summer into non-productivity and nonefficiency water( NPNEW),low productivity and low efficiency water( LPLEW),middle productivity and low efficiency water( MPMEW),high productivity and middle efficiency water( HPMEW),and high productivity and high efficiency water( HPHEW) using the coordinate graphic figures. In addition,there were differences in the key soil water thresholds or soil water ranges between the two seasons. The RSWCPn= max, RSWCPn= ave,RSWC_(WUE=max), RSWC_(WUE=ave), and RSWC_(SL→nSL)were all higher in summer than in spring. The upper and lower limits of available soil water to plants including LPLEW,MPMEW,HPMEW,HPHEW,were all higher in summer than in spring,indicating that the available soil water mass was different in different periods of plant growth. 【Conclusion 】Thus,the field soil water should be maintained in the range of HPHEW which is from 39. 5% to 80. 0% in spring and from 49. 2% to 83. 7% in summer,in which both P_nand WUE are higher than the average level so that F. suspensa can obtain higher productivity and efficiency. Meanwhile,the soil water thresholds,the water availability ranges,and the periods of plants growth and development should be considered in field water management of plants.
【Objective】Under the influence of global climate change,the Northern China is experiencing more and more severe volatility in soil water contents,which may significantly affect photosynthesis. The objective was to elucidate the threshold effects of photosynthesis in leaves of Forsythia suspense to soil moisture,clarify the threshold range of photosynthetic productivity,and define the regional water adaptability,by investing the photosynthetic responses of F.suspense to different soil water conditions in spring and summer. 【Method 】A potted experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with two-year-old F. suspense seedlings. During the experiment,14 levels of soil water regimes in spring and 10 levels in summer were applied with the artificial water supply and the natural water consumption by plants. At each soil
water level in both spring and summer,light response of photosynthesis of F. suspensa was measured by using a Li- 6400 portable photosynthesis system. By defining the net photosynthetic rate( P_n) and water use efficiency(WUE) of photosynthesis as the index of plant productivity and soil water efficiency,respectively,key thresholds and the grading of soil water in summer and spring were investigated. 【Result】The results showed that when the relative soil water content( RSWC) decreased to 37. 5% in spring and to 46. 2% in summer,both P_nand WUE showed an obvious decrease with the continuous decreasing of RSWC. At the soil water point,the stomatal limitation changed into non-stomatal limitation in both seasons and the relationship between P_nand stomatal conductance(G_s) was also changed from linear relationship into non-linear relationship as RSWC decreased. All these indicated that when soil water decreased to the turning water point of stomatal mechanism of P_n( RSWC_(SL→nSL)),P_nbegun to decrease seriously as the non-stomatal limitation dominated the decrease of photosynthesis. Thus,we defined RSWC_(SL→nSL)as the lower limit of soil water maintaining high productivity and efficiency in which P_nor WUE would be above the average level. As a result,the soil water point( RSWC_(SL→nSL)) was also one of the key thresholds of soil water. Meanwhile,the processes of P_nand WUE responding to RSWC in spring and summer were both able to be better fitted by polynomial,by which the other soil water thresholds were determined,including the water compensation point of P_n( RSWCP_n point of P water point n= 0),the water saturation( RSWCPn= max),theof average P_n( RSWCPuration point of WUE( RSWC_(n=ave)),the water satWUE = max),and the water point of average WUE( RSWC_(WUE=ave)). RSWCPfined as the lower limit of the low n= 0,RSWC_(SL→nSL),and RSWCPn= ave( or RSWC_(WUE=ave)) were deproductivity or efficiency water,of the middle productivity or efficiency water,and of the high productivity or efficiency water,respectively,we graded the soil water of F. suspensa in both spring and summer into non-productivity and nonefficiency water( NPNEW),low productivity and low efficiency water( LPLEW),middle productivity and low efficiency water( MPMEW),high productivity and middle efficiency water( HPMEW),and high productivity and high efficiency water( HPHEW) using the coordinate graphic figures. In addition,there were differences in the key soil water thresholds or soil water ranges between the two seasons. The RSWCPn= max, RSWCPn= ave,RSWC_(WUE=max), RSWC_(WUE=ave), and RSWC_(SL→nSL)were all higher in summer than in spring. The upper and lower limits of available soil water to plants including LPLEW,MPMEW,HPMEW,HPHEW,were all higher in summer than in spring,indicating that the available soil water mass was different in different periods of plant growth. 【Conclusion 】Thus,the field soil water should be maintained in the range of HPHEW which is from 39. 5% to 80. 0% in spring and from 49. 2% to 83. 7% in summer,in which both P_nand WUE are higher than the average level so that F. suspensa can obtain higher productivity and efficiency. Meanwhile,the soil water thresholds,the water availability ranges,and the periods of plants growth and development should be considered in field water management of plants.
引文
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沈善敏,卢明远.1964.土壤水分对大豆有效性的初步研究.土壤通报,(2):35-39.(Shen S M,Lu M Y.1964.The preliminary research on effectiveness of soil water on soybean.Chinese Journal of Soil Science,(2):35-39.[in Chinese])
王长燕,赵景波,李小燕.2006.华北地区气候暖干化的农业适应性对策研究.干旱区地理,29(5):646-652.(Wang C Y,Zhao J B,Li X Y.2006.Study on agricultural adaptation to warming and drying climate in North China.Arid Land Geography,29(5):646-652.[in Chinese])
魏凤英,张京江.2003.华北地区干旱的气候背景及其前兆强信号.气象学报,61(3):354-363.(Wei F Y,Zhang J J.2003.Climatological background and previous stronger signal of anomaly drought over North China.Acta Meteorologica Sinica,61(3):354-363.[in Chinese])
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