基于InVEST模型的门头沟区生态系统土壤保持功能研究
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摘要
人类不合理的土地资源开发所导致的土壤侵蚀成为山区生态系统关注的热点和焦点问题。选择生态涵养与土壤侵蚀并存的北京市纯山区门头沟区为研究区域,在分析2005—2013年门头沟区土地利用与土地覆被变化的时空差异的基础上,采用了InVEST模型对区内生态系统的土壤保持功能进行了定量分析和动态评估。研究表明:(1)2005—2013年,门头沟区耕地、林地和水域、未利用地面积减少,园地、草地、建设用地增加;耕地和园地变化显著,耕地主要转为园地、林地和建设用地;园地主要由耕地和林地转化而来。(2)2005—2013年,门头沟区土壤保持能力和保持量均呈增加趋势,单位面积土壤保持能力由87.41t/(hm~2·a)增加到113.56t/(hm~2·a),土壤保持量增加了377.38万t,土壤侵蚀量减少了23.42万t;受土地利用与土地覆被变化、降雨侵蚀力以及植被覆盖度影响,西北、东北地区土壤保持功能增强,西南地区减弱,东部地区基本不变。(3)不同土地利用与土地覆被类型的土壤保持能力排序为:林地>草地>未利用地>建设用地>耕地>园地>水域;2005—2013年,不同土地利用/覆被类型的单位面积土壤保持能力均呈增加趋势;除耕地外,其他地类的土壤保持总量均呈增加趋势。
Soil erosion caused by unreasonable land resources development has become a hotspot in mountain ecosystem.Based on temporal and spatial analysis of land use and land cover changes(LUCC)between 2005 and 2013,soil conservation service of ecosystem based on InVEST model in Mentougou District of Beijing,which was pure mountainous areas with ecological conservation and soil erosion characteristics,was analyzed quantitatively and evaluated dynamically.The results showed that:(1)the acreages of cultivated land,forestland,waterbody and unused land presented the decreasing trend in contrast to garden plot,grassland,construction land from 2005 to 2013;and the cultivated land was the fastest decreasing type,and was mainly converted into garden plot,forestland and construction land,respectively;meanwhile,the garden plot was the fastest growing type,and was mainly derived from cultivated land and forest land;(2)both the soil conservation ability and capacity of Mentougou ecosystem increased during 2005—2013,annual per unit area of soil conservation capacity raised from 87.41 t/hm~2 to 113.56 t/hm~2;total soil conservation increased by3.773 8 million t,while reduced soil erosion was 0.234 2 million t;the capacity of soil conservation in northwest and northeast showed the upward trend,a decreasing trend in southwest,and unchanged in the eastern region;(3)the soil conservation capacity per unit area decreased in the order:forestland>grassland>unused land>construction land>cultivated land>garden plot>waterbody,between 2005 and 2013,soil conservation capacity per unit area of different land use and land cover types tended to increase;the unused land had the fastest growth rate insoil conservation function,while waterbody presented the slowest growth rate;in addition to cultivated land,the total amount of soil conservation of other types showed the increasing trend.
Soil erosion caused by unreasonable land resources development has become a hotspot in mountain ecosystem.Based on temporal and spatial analysis of land use and land cover changes(LUCC)between 2005 and 2013,soil conservation service of ecosystem based on InVEST model in Mentougou District of Beijing,which was pure mountainous areas with ecological conservation and soil erosion characteristics,was analyzed quantitatively and evaluated dynamically.The results showed that:(1)the acreages of cultivated land,forestland,waterbody and unused land presented the decreasing trend in contrast to garden plot,grassland,construction land from 2005 to 2013;and the cultivated land was the fastest decreasing type,and was mainly converted into garden plot,forestland and construction land,respectively;meanwhile,the garden plot was the fastest growing type,and was mainly derived from cultivated land and forest land;(2)both the soil conservation ability and capacity of Mentougou ecosystem increased during 2005—2013,annual per unit area of soil conservation capacity raised from 87.41 t/hm~2 to 113.56 t/hm~2;total soil conservation increased by3.773 8 million t,while reduced soil erosion was 0.234 2 million t;the capacity of soil conservation in northwest and northeast showed the upward trend,a decreasing trend in southwest,and unchanged in the eastern region;(3)the soil conservation capacity per unit area decreased in the order:forestland>grassland>unused land>construction land>cultivated land>garden plot>waterbody,between 2005 and 2013,soil conservation capacity per unit area of different land use and land cover types tended to increase;the unused land had the fastest growth rate insoil conservation function,while waterbody presented the slowest growth rate;in addition to cultivated land,the total amount of soil conservation of other types showed the increasing trend.
引文
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[23]饶恩明,肖燚,欧阳志云,等.海南岛生态系统土壤保持功能空间特征及影响因素[J].生态学报,2013,33(3):746-755.
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[25]蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华,等.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(2):19-24.
[26]师长兴.长江上游输沙尺度效应研究[J].地理研究,2008,27(4):800-810.
[2]Daily G C.Nature′s services:societal dependence on natural ecosystems[M].Washington DC:Island Press,1997.
[3]Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.Ecosystems and Human Well-Being[M].Washington DC:Island Press,2005.
[4]Folke C,Carpenter S,Elmqvist T,et al.Resilience and sustainable development:Building adaptive capacity in a world of transformations[J].Ambio,2002,31(5):437-440.
[5]Swetnam R D,Fisher B,Mbilinyi B P,et al.Mapping socio-economic scenarios of land cover change:A GIS method to enable ecosystem service modelling[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2011,92(3):563-574.
[6]Li T,Li W,Qian Z.Variations in ecosystem service value in response to land use changes in Shenzhen[J].Ecological Economics,2010,69(7):1427-1435.
[7]Wang W J,Guo H C,Chuai X W et al.The impact of land use change on the temporospatial variations of ecosystems services value in China and an optimized land use solution[J].Environmental Science&Policy,2014,44(2):62-72.
[8]王雅,蒙吉军.黑河中游土地利用变化对生态系统服务的影响[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(1):200-207.
[9]Wischmeier W H,Johnson C B,Cross B V.Soil erodibility nomograph for farmland and construction sites[J].Journal of Soil&Water Conservation,1971,26(5):189-193.
[10]肖玉,谢高地,安凯.青藏高原生态系统土壤保持功能及其价值[J].生态学报,2003,23(11):2367-2378.
[11]胡胜,曹明明,刘琪,等.不同视角下InVEST模型的土壤保持功能对比[J].地理研究,2014,33(12):2393-2406.
[12]蔡强国,刘纪根.关于我国土壤侵蚀模型研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2003,22(3):142-150.
[13]张喜旺,周月敏,李晓松,等.土壤侵蚀评价遥感研究进展[J].土壤通报,2010,41(4):1010-1017.
[14]黄从红,杨军,张文娟.生态系统服务功能评估模型研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(12):3360-3367.
[15]王敏,阮俊杰,姚佳,等.基于InVEST模型的生态系统土壤保持功能研究:以福建宁德为例[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(4):184-189.
[16]韩永伟,高吉喜,拓学森,等.门头沟生态系统土壤保持功能及其生态经济价值分析[J].环境科学研究,2007,20(5):144-147.
[17]张玉虎,李义禄,贾海峰.永定河流域门头沟区景观生态安全格局评价[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(6):1049-1057.
[18]黄从红.基于InVEST模型的生态系统服务功能研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2014.
[19]冯朝阳,高吉喜,韩永伟,等.京西门头沟区典型生态系统服务功能及其价值评估[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(3):230-234.
[20]周彬,余新晓,陈丽华,等.基于InVEST模型的北京山区土壤侵蚀模拟[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(6):9-13.
[21]北京市水务局,北京市统计局.北京市第一次水务普查公报[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2013.
[22]北京市门头沟区统计局.北京市门头沟区统计年鉴2014[Z].北京:北京市门头沟区统计局,2014.
[23]饶恩明,肖燚,欧阳志云,等.海南岛生态系统土壤保持功能空间特征及影响因素[J].生态学报,2013,33(3):746-755.
[24]毕小刚,段淑怀,李永贵,等.北京山区土壤流失方程探讨[J].中国水土保持科学,2006,4(4):6-13.
[25]蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华,等.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(2):19-24.
[26]师长兴.长江上游输沙尺度效应研究[J].地理研究,2008,27(4):800-810.