环境因素对海-气界面低频异常声透射的影响研究
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摘要
针对海中声源在海-气界面低频异常声透射问题,根据两层媒质声传输模型,分析了大气声速和密度与气压、气温、湿度及海水中声速和密度与海温、盐度间的关系,研究了低频声透射和传输受温度、气压、盐度、湿度等因素的影响,分析了各因素对声透射和传输的影响程度.结果表明:1)声透射到大气中的声功率与气温、湿度负相关,与海温、盐度、气压正相关;2)单极子与水平偶极子声源辐射到海中的声功率与海温、盐度负相关,而垂直偶极子声源辐射到海中的声功率与海温、盐度正相关;3)声透射指向性与海温正相关,与气温负相关;4)低频声透射受温度影响最大,其次是盐度,受气压和湿度影响较小,垂直偶极子声源的声透射受温度影响大于水平偶极子和单极子声源.
In view of low frequency abnormal sound transmission of sound source in the sea at the sea-air interface, according to the two-layer medium sound transmission model, we analyze the relationships of the sound speed and the density of the atmosphere with the atmospheric pressure, the air temperature, the humidity; we also analyze the relationships of the sound velocity and the density of seawater with the sea surface temperature(SST) and salinity; we investigate the lowfrequency abnormal sound transmissions influenced by temperature, pressure, salinity, humidity and other environmental factors; we analyze the influences of various factors on the sound transmission. The obtained results are as follows. 1) the sound power in the air, obtained by the sound transmission of sound source in the shallow sea, is negatively correlated with atmospheric temperature and humidity, and positively correlated with the SST, salinity, and atmospheric pressure.2) The sound power that is radiated into the sea by the monopole and horizontal dipole source at the sea, is negatively correlated with SST and salinity, while the sound power that is radiated into the sea by the vertical dipole sound source,is positively related to SST and salinity. 3) The sound transmission directivity is positively related to SST and negatively correlated with atmospheric temperature. 4) The air temperature and SST have the greatest influence on low-frequency abnormal sound transmission, while the effects of air pressure and humidity on them are smaller than that of salinity.The effect of temperature on the low frequency abnormal sound transmission of vertical dipole sound is greater than those of the horizontal dipole and a monopole sound source.
In view of low frequency abnormal sound transmission of sound source in the sea at the sea-air interface, according to the two-layer medium sound transmission model, we analyze the relationships of the sound speed and the density of the atmosphere with the atmospheric pressure, the air temperature, the humidity; we also analyze the relationships of the sound velocity and the density of seawater with the sea surface temperature(SST) and salinity; we investigate the lowfrequency abnormal sound transmissions influenced by temperature, pressure, salinity, humidity and other environmental factors; we analyze the influences of various factors on the sound transmission. The obtained results are as follows. 1) the sound power in the air, obtained by the sound transmission of sound source in the shallow sea, is negatively correlated with atmospheric temperature and humidity, and positively correlated with the SST, salinity, and atmospheric pressure.2) The sound power that is radiated into the sea by the monopole and horizontal dipole source at the sea, is negatively correlated with SST and salinity, while the sound power that is radiated into the sea by the vertical dipole sound source,is positively related to SST and salinity. 3) The sound transmission directivity is positively related to SST and negatively correlated with atmospheric temperature. 4) The air temperature and SST have the greatest influence on low-frequency abnormal sound transmission, while the effects of air pressure and humidity on them are smaller than that of salinity.The effect of temperature on the low frequency abnormal sound transmission of vertical dipole sound is greater than those of the horizontal dipole and a monopole sound source.
引文
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[6]Glushkov E V,Glushkova N V,Godin O A 2013 Acoust.Phys.59 6
[7]Luo W Y,Yang C M,Qin J X,Zhang R H 2013 Chin.Phys.B 22 054301
[8]Fuks I,Godin O A 2011 Oceans’11 MTS/IEEE Conference Proceedings Kona Hawaii,America,September19–22,2011 p1
[9]Qin J X,Zhang R H,Luo W Y,Wu L X,Jiang L,Zhang B 2014 Acta Acust.39 145(in Chinese)[秦继兴,张仁和,骆文于,吴立新,江磊,张波2014声学学报39 145]
[10]Yang C M,Luo W Y,Zhang R H,Qin J X 2014 Acta Acust.39 295(in Chinese)[杨春梅,骆文于,张仁和,秦继兴2014声学学报39 295]
[11]Godin O A,Fuks I M 2012 J.Fluid Mech.709 313
[12]Qi Y B,Zhou S H,Zhang R H,Zhang B,Ren Y 2014Acta Phys.Sin.63 044303(in Chinese)[戚聿波,周士弘,张仁和,张波,任云2014物理学报63 044303]
[13]Godin O A 2006 Phys.Rev.Lett.97 164301
[14]Mc Donald B E,Calvo D C 2007 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.122 3159
[15]Godin O A 2007 Acoust.Phys.53 305
[16]LüJ,Zhao Z Y,Zhou C 2011 Acta Phys.Sin.60 104301(in Chinese)[吕君,赵正予,周晨2011物理学报60104301]
[17]Zhou C,Wang X,Zhao Z Y,Zhang Y N 2013 Acta Phys.Sin.62 154302(in Chinese)[周晨,王翔,赵正予,张援农2013物理学报62 154302]
[18]Voloshchenko A P,Tarasov S P 2013 Acoust.Phys.59163
[19]Deng Y Q,Tao J C,Qiu X J 2011 Tech.Acoust.30 83(in Chinese)[邓怡情,陶建成,邱小军2011声学技术3083]
[20]Deng Y,Tao J,Qiu X 2012 J.Sound.Vib.331 4481
[21]Deng Y Q 2013 M.S.Dissertation(Nanjing:Nanjing University)(in Chinese)[邓怡情2013硕士学位论文(南京:南京大学)]
[22]Liu Y K,Wang Y 2014 Oceans’14 MTS/IEEE Conference Proceedings Taipei,Taiwan,April 7–10,2014 p1
[23]Sheng P X,Mao J T,Li J G,Zhang A C,Sang J G,Pan N X 2003 Atmospheric Physics(Beijing:Peking University Press)pp19–24,488(in Chinese)[盛裴轩,毛节泰,李建国,张霭琛,桑建国,潘乃先2003大气物理学(北京:北京大学出版社)第19—24,488页]
[24]Feng S Z,Li F Q,Li S J 1999 An Introduction to Marine Science(Beijing:Higher Education Press)pp67–69(in Chinese)[冯士筰,李凤岐,李少菁1999海洋科学导论(北京:高等教育出版社)第67—69页]
[25]Chen C T,Millero F J 1977 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.62 1129
[26]Millero F J,Li X 1994 J.Acoust.Soc.Am.95 2757