三峡库区水资源生态足迹及承载力时空演变研究
|
摘要
三峡库区流域水资源可持续承载力的评价研究,对区域实现高质量发展具有重要意义。将淡水生态足迹和水污染生态足迹纳入核算,构建水资源生态足迹模型,综合评价建库以来三峡库区水资源生态足迹与水资源生态承载力时空演变。结果表明,2002～2016年三峡库区整体水资源生态足迹呈波动的先上升后下降趋势,水环境安全及水资源利用效率均有所提高;受年际间降雨量不均影响,水资源生态承载力波动较大,历年均大于水资源生态足迹,水资源呈可持续利用的生态盈余状态。三峡库区水资源利用分布极不均衡,位于重点生态功能区、对水资源需求量较小的库首,水资源生态承载力大,生态盈余较大;位于重点开发区,对水资源需求量较大的库尾,水资源生态承载力小,生态盈余较低,在渝中、渝北区等11个区县出现生态赤字,水资源利用呈不健康状态。水资源生态足迹变化与社会经济发展密切关联,应充分考虑三峡库区水资源时空分布情况,调整产业结构,提升用水效率,合理调度利用水资源,促进三峡库区流域社会经济环境的可持续发展。
Three Gorges Reservoir Area is China′s strategic water source for water resources allocation, and the evaluation of its sustainable carrying capacity of water resources is of great significance to the regional realization of high-quality development. This paper proposed the water resources ecological footprint model including water resource footprint and water pollution footprint to study the spatio-temporal evolution of water resources ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity in Three Gorges Reservoir Area from 2002 to 2016. The results showed that the overall water resources ecological footprint in Three Gorges Reservoir Area performed a fluctuating trend of first rising and then declining from 2002 to 2016, and the utilization efficiency of water resources and water pollution situation have been gradually improved. The ecological carrying capacity of water resources was greatly affected by rainfall. From 2002 to 2016, the ecological carrying capacity of water resources was greater than the ecological footprint, indicating that there was a certain ecological surplus of water resources. That is to say the sustainable utilization of water resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Area was well. The distribution of water resources utilization in Three Gorges Reservoir Area was extremely uneven. The key ecological functional area located in the head area of the reservoir where water resources are less demanded was rich in water resources and had large ecological surplus. On the contrary, the key development area located in the tail region where water resources are highly demanded was short in water resources and had small ecological surplus. Ecological deficit arose in 11 districts of Yuzhong, Yubei etc., showing the utilization of water resources was in an unhealthy state. The changes of water resources ecological footprint were closely related to socio-economic development; and the spatio-temporal distribution of water resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Area should be fully considered. The industrial structure should be adjusted and the water use efficiency should be improved. The water resources should be rationally allocated and utilized, so as to promote the sustainable development of the social and economic environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.
Three Gorges Reservoir Area is China′s strategic water source for water resources allocation, and the evaluation of its sustainable carrying capacity of water resources is of great significance to the regional realization of high-quality development. This paper proposed the water resources ecological footprint model including water resource footprint and water pollution footprint to study the spatio-temporal evolution of water resources ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity in Three Gorges Reservoir Area from 2002 to 2016. The results showed that the overall water resources ecological footprint in Three Gorges Reservoir Area performed a fluctuating trend of first rising and then declining from 2002 to 2016, and the utilization efficiency of water resources and water pollution situation have been gradually improved. The ecological carrying capacity of water resources was greatly affected by rainfall. From 2002 to 2016, the ecological carrying capacity of water resources was greater than the ecological footprint, indicating that there was a certain ecological surplus of water resources. That is to say the sustainable utilization of water resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Area was well. The distribution of water resources utilization in Three Gorges Reservoir Area was extremely uneven. The key ecological functional area located in the head area of the reservoir where water resources are less demanded was rich in water resources and had large ecological surplus. On the contrary, the key development area located in the tail region where water resources are highly demanded was short in water resources and had small ecological surplus. Ecological deficit arose in 11 districts of Yuzhong, Yubei etc., showing the utilization of water resources was in an unhealthy state. The changes of water resources ecological footprint were closely related to socio-economic development; and the spatio-temporal distribution of water resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Area should be fully considered. The industrial structure should be adjusted and the water use efficiency should be improved. The water resources should be rationally allocated and utilized, so as to promote the sustainable development of the social and economic environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.
引文
[1] 张利平,夏军,胡志芳.中国水资源状况与水资源安全问题分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(2):116-120.
[2] 段春青,刘昌明,陈晓楠,等.区域水资源承载力概念及研究方法的探讨[J].地理学报,2010,65(1):82-90.
[3] Rees W E.Ecological Footprints and Appropriated Carrying Capacity:What Urban Economics Leaves Out[J].Environment and Urbanization,1992,4(2):121-130.
[4] Wackernagel M,Onisto L,Bello P,et al.National natural capital accounting with the ecological footprint concept[J].Ecological Economics,1999,29(3):375-390.
[5] Hoekstra A Y.Human appropriation of natural capital:A comparison of ecological footprint and water footprint analysis[J].Ecological Economics,2009,68(7):1963-1974.
[6] Stoeglehner G,Edwards P,Daniels P,et al.The water supply footprint (WSF):a strategic planning tool for sustainable regional and local water supplies[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2011,19(15):1677-1686.
[7] 马静,汪党献,来海亮,等.中国区域水足迹的估算[J].资源科学,2005,27(5):96-100.
[8] 马晶,彭建.水足迹研究进展[J].生态学报,2013,33(18):5458-5466.
[9] 胡婷婷,黄凯,金竹静,等.滇池流域主要农业产品水足迹空间格局及其环境影响测度[J].环境科学学报,2015.,35(11):3719-3729.
[10] 吴志峰,胡永红,李定强,等.城市水生态足迹变化分析与模拟[J].资源科学,2006,28(5):152-156.
[11] 周文华,张克锋,王如松.城市水生态足迹研究:以北京市为例[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(9):1524-1531.
[12] 张义,张合平.基于生态系统服务的广西水生态足迹分析[J].生态学报,2013,33(13):4111-4124.
[13] 黄林楠,张伟新,姜翠玲,等.水资源生态足迹计算方法[J].生态学报,2008,28(3):1279-1286.
[14] 卞羽,洪伟,陈燕,等.福建水资源生态足迹分析[J].福建林学院学报,2010,30(1):1-5.
[15] 张义,张合平,李丰生,等.基于改进模型的广西水资源生态足迹动态分析[J].资源科学,2013,35(8):1601-1610.
[16] Wang S,Yang F L ,Xu L ,et al.Multi-scale analysis of the water resources carrying capacity of the Liaohe Basin based on ecological footprints[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2013(53):158-166.
[17] 丁华,邱卫国.基于生态足迹的上海市水资源生态承载力评价[J].人民长江,2013,44(15):19-21.
[18] 邓晓军,谢世友,秦婷,等.基于水足迹分析法的四川省水资源利用评价[J].人民长江,2007,38(2):61-63.
[19] 周健,官冬杰,周李磊.基于生态足迹的三峡库区重庆段后续发展生态补偿标准量化研究[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(11):4539-4553.
[20] 刘子刚,郑瑜.基于生态足迹法的区域水生态承载力研究:以浙江省湖州市为例[J].资源科学,2011,33(6):1083-1088.
[21] Su Y,Gao W,Guan D,et al.Dynamic assessment and forecast of urban water ecological footprint based on exponential smoothing analysis[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2018(195):354-364.
[22] 洪辉,付娜.浅谈水资源生态足迹和生态承载力的研究[J].山西建筑,2007,33(30):200-201.
[23] 傅慧源.长江干流水域纳污能力及限制排污总量研究[J].人民长江,2008,39(23):40-42.
[24] 卓海华,孙志伟,郑红艳,等.三峡水库污染物来源及变化趋势分析[J].人民长江,2017,48(16):13-18.
[25] 戴昌军,管光明,梁忠民,等.基于水资源足迹的武汉市水资源可持续利用研究[J].人民长江,2011,42(9):8-11.
[26] 王文国,龚久平,青鹏,等.重庆市水资源生态足迹与生态承载力分析[J].生态经济,2011(7):159-162.
[27] 金昌盛,邓仁健,刘俞希,等.长江经济带水资源生态足迹时空分析及预测[J].水资源与水工程学报,2018,29(4):59-66.
[28] Li J,Lei X,Fu Q,et al.Multi-scale research of time and space differences about ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of the water resources[J].Applied Water Science,2018,8(1):22.
[29] 张月,杨华.重庆市近10 a水资源承载力时空格局动态演变研究[J].安徽农业科学,2012(28):13933-13936.
[2] 段春青,刘昌明,陈晓楠,等.区域水资源承载力概念及研究方法的探讨[J].地理学报,2010,65(1):82-90.
[3] Rees W E.Ecological Footprints and Appropriated Carrying Capacity:What Urban Economics Leaves Out[J].Environment and Urbanization,1992,4(2):121-130.
[4] Wackernagel M,Onisto L,Bello P,et al.National natural capital accounting with the ecological footprint concept[J].Ecological Economics,1999,29(3):375-390.
[5] Hoekstra A Y.Human appropriation of natural capital:A comparison of ecological footprint and water footprint analysis[J].Ecological Economics,2009,68(7):1963-1974.
[6] Stoeglehner G,Edwards P,Daniels P,et al.The water supply footprint (WSF):a strategic planning tool for sustainable regional and local water supplies[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2011,19(15):1677-1686.
[7] 马静,汪党献,来海亮,等.中国区域水足迹的估算[J].资源科学,2005,27(5):96-100.
[8] 马晶,彭建.水足迹研究进展[J].生态学报,2013,33(18):5458-5466.
[9] 胡婷婷,黄凯,金竹静,等.滇池流域主要农业产品水足迹空间格局及其环境影响测度[J].环境科学学报,2015.,35(11):3719-3729.
[10] 吴志峰,胡永红,李定强,等.城市水生态足迹变化分析与模拟[J].资源科学,2006,28(5):152-156.
[11] 周文华,张克锋,王如松.城市水生态足迹研究:以北京市为例[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(9):1524-1531.
[12] 张义,张合平.基于生态系统服务的广西水生态足迹分析[J].生态学报,2013,33(13):4111-4124.
[13] 黄林楠,张伟新,姜翠玲,等.水资源生态足迹计算方法[J].生态学报,2008,28(3):1279-1286.
[14] 卞羽,洪伟,陈燕,等.福建水资源生态足迹分析[J].福建林学院学报,2010,30(1):1-5.
[15] 张义,张合平,李丰生,等.基于改进模型的广西水资源生态足迹动态分析[J].资源科学,2013,35(8):1601-1610.
[16] Wang S,Yang F L ,Xu L ,et al.Multi-scale analysis of the water resources carrying capacity of the Liaohe Basin based on ecological footprints[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2013(53):158-166.
[17] 丁华,邱卫国.基于生态足迹的上海市水资源生态承载力评价[J].人民长江,2013,44(15):19-21.
[18] 邓晓军,谢世友,秦婷,等.基于水足迹分析法的四川省水资源利用评价[J].人民长江,2007,38(2):61-63.
[19] 周健,官冬杰,周李磊.基于生态足迹的三峡库区重庆段后续发展生态补偿标准量化研究[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(11):4539-4553.
[20] 刘子刚,郑瑜.基于生态足迹法的区域水生态承载力研究:以浙江省湖州市为例[J].资源科学,2011,33(6):1083-1088.
[21] Su Y,Gao W,Guan D,et al.Dynamic assessment and forecast of urban water ecological footprint based on exponential smoothing analysis[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2018(195):354-364.
[22] 洪辉,付娜.浅谈水资源生态足迹和生态承载力的研究[J].山西建筑,2007,33(30):200-201.
[23] 傅慧源.长江干流水域纳污能力及限制排污总量研究[J].人民长江,2008,39(23):40-42.
[24] 卓海华,孙志伟,郑红艳,等.三峡水库污染物来源及变化趋势分析[J].人民长江,2017,48(16):13-18.
[25] 戴昌军,管光明,梁忠民,等.基于水资源足迹的武汉市水资源可持续利用研究[J].人民长江,2011,42(9):8-11.
[26] 王文国,龚久平,青鹏,等.重庆市水资源生态足迹与生态承载力分析[J].生态经济,2011(7):159-162.
[27] 金昌盛,邓仁健,刘俞希,等.长江经济带水资源生态足迹时空分析及预测[J].水资源与水工程学报,2018,29(4):59-66.
[28] Li J,Lei X,Fu Q,et al.Multi-scale research of time and space differences about ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of the water resources[J].Applied Water Science,2018,8(1):22.
[29] 张月,杨华.重庆市近10 a水资源承载力时空格局动态演变研究[J].安徽农业科学,2012(28):13933-13936.