产业集群式转移行为的实证研究
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摘要
以企业"抱团迁徙"为主要形式的产业集群式转移已经成为新一轮产业转移的基本特征。在产业转移过程中,企业为什么要采取"抱团迁徙"集群行为?这些行为的产生与哪些因素有关?需要从多个视角进行深入研究。本文引入社会网络分析这样一种新的研究范式,以落户湖南株洲栗雨工业园内汽车产业集群中的企业为研究样本,通过实地访谈、问卷调查等方法收集相关数据,运用"模式匹配"方法进行假设验证,分析社会网络联系密度、网络异质性、网络中心性和网络结构平衡四个维度因素对产业转移集群行为的影响,揭示产业集群式转移基本规律,为政府部门科学设计产业转移引导政策提供理论依据。
The"group migration"of enterprises is the main form of the industrial cluster transfer and this has become the basic characteristic of a new round of industrial transfer. Why the enterprises are more inclined to take the "migration form"of collective action in the process of industry transfer? And what factors influent these behaviors? These questions need to be explored from multiple perspectives. This paper introduces the social network analysis as a new research paradigm,and takes the enterprises of automobile industry cluster of the Liyu Industrial Park in Zhuzhou as the sample.It applies such methods as field interview and questionnaire to collect related data,and uses the method of "pattern matching" to take hypothesis testing,then analyzes the influences of the connection density,the heterogeneity,the centrality and the structural balance of the social network on the cluster behavior of industrial transfer to reveal the basic laws of industrial cluster transfer. The results of this study would provide theoretical basis for the government to formulate scientific policies about the industrial transfer guiding.
The"group migration"of enterprises is the main form of the industrial cluster transfer and this has become the basic characteristic of a new round of industrial transfer. Why the enterprises are more inclined to take the "migration form"of collective action in the process of industry transfer? And what factors influent these behaviors? These questions need to be explored from multiple perspectives. This paper introduces the social network analysis as a new research paradigm,and takes the enterprises of automobile industry cluster of the Liyu Industrial Park in Zhuzhou as the sample.It applies such methods as field interview and questionnaire to collect related data,and uses the method of "pattern matching" to take hypothesis testing,then analyzes the influences of the connection density,the heterogeneity,the centrality and the structural balance of the social network on the cluster behavior of industrial transfer to reveal the basic laws of industrial cluster transfer. The results of this study would provide theoretical basis for the government to formulate scientific policies about the industrial transfer guiding.
引文
[1]刘友金,袁祖凤,周静,等.共生理论视角下产业集群式转移演进过程机理研究[J].中国软科学,2012(8):119-129.
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[4]廉同辉,余菜花,李强.承接产业转移背景下中部地区传统产业集群的社会网络结构及其演化分析——以安徽孙村服装产业集群为例[J].经济体制改革,2013(4):101-105.
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[9]李开,江天鹏,周鹏,戚玉纯.集群企业特征与整合营销传播——基于集群企业的实践[J].科学决策,2014(8):34-46.
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[12]Stanley Wasserman,Katherine Faust.Social network analysis:Methods and applications(structural analysis in the social sciences)[M].Cambridge University Press,1995.
[13]Tajfel H.Social identity and intergroup relations’[M].Cambridge University Press.1982.
[14]李振鹏,唐锡晋.外生变量和非正社会影响推动群体观点极化[J].管理科学学报,2013(3):73-74.
[15]Linton C Freeman.The development of social network analysis:A study in the sociology of Science[M].Booksurge Publishing.2004.
[16]Donald T Campbell,Ross H L.The connecticut crackdown on speeding:Time-series data in quasi-experimental analysis[J].Law and Society Review,1968(3):33-53.
[17]Robert K Yin.Case study research:Design and methods[M].SAGE Publications Inc,2009.
[18]Thomas D Cook,Donald T Campbell.The causal assumptions of quasi-experimental practice[J].Synthese,1986(7):142-150.
[19]刘军.整体网分析讲义UCINET软件实用指南[M].上海:格致出版社,2009.
[20]方壮志.社会网络研究的基本概念和方法[J].华中理工大学学报:社会科学版,1995(3):112-113.
[21]赵晓东,王重鸣.产业集群背景下创业者社会网络动态结构实证研究[J].技术经济,2007(1):15-16.
[22]党兴华,李雅丽,张巍.资源异质性对企业龙头性形成的影响研究——基于技术创新网络的分析[J].科学学研究,2010(2):302-303.
[23]耿晓鹏,李庆军.基于结构平衡理论的企业正负关系网络及实例研究[J].统计与信息论坛,2012(9):83.
[24]刘军.社会网络分析导论[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2004:214-219.
[2]许南,李建军.产品内分工、产业转移与中国产业结构升级[J].管理世界,2012(1):182.
[3]符正平,曾素英.集群产业转移中的转移模式与行动特征——基于企业社会网络视角的分析[J].管理世界,2008(12):83-88.
[4]廉同辉,余菜花,李强.承接产业转移背景下中部地区传统产业集群的社会网络结构及其演化分析——以安徽孙村服装产业集群为例[J].经济体制改革,2013(4):101-105.
[5]宋炳林.我国区际产业转移的社会网络机制[J].经济问题探索,2014(4):46-51.
[6]韦伯.工业区位论[M].北京:商务印书馆,1997.
[7]蔡宁,吴结兵.产业集群组织间关系密集性的社会网络分析[J].浙江大学学报:人文社会科学版,2006(4):58-65.
[8]周群力,陆铭.拜年与择校[J].世界经济文汇,2009(6):19-21.
[9]李开,江天鹏,周鹏,戚玉纯.集群企业特征与整合营销传播——基于集群企业的实践[J].科学决策,2014(8):34-46.
[10]Koka B,Prescott J E.Designing alliance networks:The influence of network position,environmental change and strategy on firm performance[J].Strategic Management Journal,2008,29(6):639-661.
[11]罗纳德·伯特.结构洞:竞争的社会结构[M].上海:上海人民出版,2008:18-29.
[12]Stanley Wasserman,Katherine Faust.Social network analysis:Methods and applications(structural analysis in the social sciences)[M].Cambridge University Press,1995.
[13]Tajfel H.Social identity and intergroup relations’[M].Cambridge University Press.1982.
[14]李振鹏,唐锡晋.外生变量和非正社会影响推动群体观点极化[J].管理科学学报,2013(3):73-74.
[15]Linton C Freeman.The development of social network analysis:A study in the sociology of Science[M].Booksurge Publishing.2004.
[16]Donald T Campbell,Ross H L.The connecticut crackdown on speeding:Time-series data in quasi-experimental analysis[J].Law and Society Review,1968(3):33-53.
[17]Robert K Yin.Case study research:Design and methods[M].SAGE Publications Inc,2009.
[18]Thomas D Cook,Donald T Campbell.The causal assumptions of quasi-experimental practice[J].Synthese,1986(7):142-150.
[19]刘军.整体网分析讲义UCINET软件实用指南[M].上海:格致出版社,2009.
[20]方壮志.社会网络研究的基本概念和方法[J].华中理工大学学报:社会科学版,1995(3):112-113.
[21]赵晓东,王重鸣.产业集群背景下创业者社会网络动态结构实证研究[J].技术经济,2007(1):15-16.
[22]党兴华,李雅丽,张巍.资源异质性对企业龙头性形成的影响研究——基于技术创新网络的分析[J].科学学研究,2010(2):302-303.
[23]耿晓鹏,李庆军.基于结构平衡理论的企业正负关系网络及实例研究[J].统计与信息论坛,2012(9):83.
[24]刘军.社会网络分析导论[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2004:214-219.