同仁县色龙沟泥石流特征分析及治理建议
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摘要
针对色龙沟泥石流多次发灾对下游造成的威胁,且已有防治工程无法有效避害的问题,通过野外勘查,在查明色龙沟泥石流的形成背景条件及灾害特征的基础上,分析了色龙沟泥石流的发灾成因,对泥石流的运动特征参数进行了计算分析,评价其易发程度,并提出相应的防治工程建议。结果表明:色龙沟泥石流容重为1.49 t/m~3,性质属稀性泥石流,利用雨洪法计算该泥石流主沟沟口流量为37.73 m~3/s,一次泥石流冲出固体总量为5 455.53 m~3/s,下游整体冲击压力为25.06 kPa,主沟易发程度评分为88分,属易发泥石流。根据泥石流发育特征并分析其特征参数、危害特征及发展趋势,提出了"拦、排结合,以排为主"的治理建议。
In view of the threat of multiple debris flow disasters in selong gully to the downstream,and this problem that existing prevention and control project can not effectively avoid harm,on the basis of field investigation,ascertained the formation background conditions and disaster characteristics of debris flow in Selong gully area,the disaster causes of debris flow in Selong gully area were analyzed.The motion characteristic parameters of debris flow were calculated,the degree of susceptibility was evaluated,and corresponding suggestions for preventing and controlling debris flow were put forward.The results showed that the debris flow density is 1.49 t/m~3 and it belongs to less viscosity debris flow.The trench flow of main channel of debris flow were calculated by using the torrential flood method,which was 37.73 m~3/s;The amount of solid ejected from a debris flow is 5 455.53 m~3/s;The overall impact of downstream is 25.06 kPa;The scoring of susceptibility of the main ditch is 88,degree is medium.According to the characteristic parameters of the debris flow,hazard characteristics and trends,the measures to prevent debris flow are "stop,row and row mainly".
In view of the threat of multiple debris flow disasters in selong gully to the downstream,and this problem that existing prevention and control project can not effectively avoid harm,on the basis of field investigation,ascertained the formation background conditions and disaster characteristics of debris flow in Selong gully area,the disaster causes of debris flow in Selong gully area were analyzed.The motion characteristic parameters of debris flow were calculated,the degree of susceptibility was evaluated,and corresponding suggestions for preventing and controlling debris flow were put forward.The results showed that the debris flow density is 1.49 t/m~3 and it belongs to less viscosity debris flow.The trench flow of main channel of debris flow were calculated by using the torrential flood method,which was 37.73 m~3/s;The amount of solid ejected from a debris flow is 5 455.53 m~3/s;The overall impact of downstream is 25.06 kPa;The scoring of susceptibility of the main ditch is 88,degree is medium.According to the characteristic parameters of the debris flow,hazard characteristics and trends,the measures to prevent debris flow are "stop,row and row mainly".
引文
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[3]蒋宗孝,江彩英,王加义,等.闽北地质灾害与降水关系分析[J].世界地质,2009,28(1):127-133.
[4]张馨月,邵晓华,王明常,等.青海省近50年极端降水事件时空分布特征[J].世界地质,2017,36(3):1015-1023.
[5]李延林,许存平,许显花,等.近50a青海黄南州降水变化特征[J].干旱区研究2012,29(5):854-861.
[6]张文纲,李述训,庞强强.青藏高原40年来降水量时空变化趋势[J].水科学进展,2009,20(2):168 -176.
[7]吴绍洪,尹云鹤,郑度,等.青藏高原近30年气候变化特征[J].地理学报,2005,60(1):3-11.
[8] 王永磊.同仁县夏卜浪沟泥石流形成机理及防治措施[J].工程技术研究,2017(9):204-205.
[9] 王邦阳.沟谷型泥石流形成演化及治理方案研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2016.
[10] 洪磊.青海同德加吾矿区泥石流分布特征与发育机理研究[D].西安:长安大学,2015.
[11] 徐久红,黄继平,郑颖.青海玉树结古镇布庆隆沟泥石流的成因分析及危害特征[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(7):121-123.
[12] 陈学善.青海省同仁县地质灾害调查与区划报告[R].西宁:青海省地质环境监测总站,2002.
[13] 马文礼.青海省同仁县1∶5万地质灾害详细调查报告[R].西宁:青海省环境地质勘查局,2016.
[14] 中华人民共和国国土资源部.泥石流灾害防治工程勘察规范:DZ/T 0220—2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[15] 中华人民共和国国土资源部.泥石流灾害防治工程设计规范:DZ/T 0239—2004[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.
[16] 杨涛,齐建飞.重大泥石流灾害抢险方法[J].水利水电技术,2017,48(s1):12-15.
[17] 史立群.青海玉树孟宗沟泥石流特征及治理研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2013.
[18] 冯明硕.干旱半干旱地区暴雨型稀性泥石流运动学特征及防治研究[D].西安:长安大学,2007.
[19] 胡婵娟,郭雷.植被恢复的生态效应研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(9):1640-1646.