盐雾腐蚀条件下Ti合金表面功能薄膜的摩擦磨损性能
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摘要
目的研究Ti6Al4V合金、铬掺杂类金刚石(Cr-DLC)薄膜、钨掺杂类金刚石(W-DLC)薄膜和氮化钛(TiN)薄膜,在干摩擦和盐雾腐蚀气氛摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能。方法在商用Ti6Al4V合金表面通过非平衡磁控溅射制备Cr-DLC薄膜和W-DLC薄膜,通过多弧离子镀技术制备TiN薄膜。利用扫描电镜、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机、白光干涉扫描轮廓仪,对薄膜的形貌、硬度、干摩擦和腐蚀摩擦性能、磨痕形貌进行测试分析。结果干摩擦条件下,Ti6Al4V合金表面沉积Cr-DLC、W-DLC和TiN三种薄膜的摩擦系数均比Ti6Al4V合金低;Ti6Al4V合金及其表面制备的三种薄膜在盐雾腐蚀气氛条件下的摩擦系数都比干摩擦条件下有所增加。与Ti6Al4V合金相比,Cr-DLC、W-DLC和TiN三种薄膜在干摩擦和盐雾腐蚀气氛摩擦条件下均减小了磨损体积。干摩擦条件下,W-DLC薄膜的磨损体积为0.0017 mm~3,耐磨性最好;盐雾腐蚀气氛摩擦条件下,TiN薄膜的磨损体积为0.0028 mm~3,表现出最佳的耐腐蚀磨损性能。通过磨痕形貌可以得出,盐雾腐蚀气氛摩擦条件下,Ti6Al4V合金表面制备的金属掺杂类金刚石薄膜的磨损受到磨粒磨损和腐蚀磨损双重机制的影响。结论三种表面功能薄膜在盐雾腐蚀气氛摩擦条件下都较好地保护了Ti合金,极大地减少了磨损损失。
The work aims to study friction and wear properties of Ti6Al4V alloy, chromium doped diamond-like carbon(Cr-DLC) films, tungsten doped diamond-like carbon(W-DLC) films and titanium nitride(TiN) films under the conditions of dry friction and salt spray corrosion friction. Cr-DLC films and W-DLC films were prepared on commercial Ti6Al4V alloy in the method of unbalanced magnetron sputtering. TiN films were prepared by adopting multi-arc ion plating technique. Morphology, hardness, dry friction performance, corrosion friction resistance and wear scar morphology of the films were tested and analyzed by using scanning electron microscope, microhardness tester, friction and wear tester as well as white light interference scanning profiler. Friction coefficient of Cr-DLC, W-DLC and TiN films deposited on the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy were lower than that of Ti6Al4V itself under dry friction condition. Compared with the condition under dry friction, the friction coefficient of Ti6Al4V and the three films prepared on its surface were increased in the salt spray corrosion atmosphere. Compared with wear volume of Ti6Al4V alloy, that of Cr-DLC, W-DLC and TiN films was reduced under the conditions of dry friction and salt spray corrosion. Under the dry friction condition, the wear volume of W-DLC film was 0.0017 mm~3, and the film showed the best wear resistance. Under the salt spray corrosion condition, the wear volume of TiN film was 0.0028 mm~3, and the film exhibited the best corrosive wear resistance. It could be concluded from wear scar morphology that the wear of metal-doped diamond-like carbon films prepared on the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy was affected by dual mechanism of abrasive wear and corrosion wear under the condition of salt spray corrosion. Ti alloy is well protected by the three kinds of surface functional films under the condition of salt spray corrosion friction, and wear loss is greatly reduced.
The work aims to study friction and wear properties of Ti6Al4V alloy, chromium doped diamond-like carbon(Cr-DLC) films, tungsten doped diamond-like carbon(W-DLC) films and titanium nitride(TiN) films under the conditions of dry friction and salt spray corrosion friction. Cr-DLC films and W-DLC films were prepared on commercial Ti6Al4V alloy in the method of unbalanced magnetron sputtering. TiN films were prepared by adopting multi-arc ion plating technique. Morphology, hardness, dry friction performance, corrosion friction resistance and wear scar morphology of the films were tested and analyzed by using scanning electron microscope, microhardness tester, friction and wear tester as well as white light interference scanning profiler. Friction coefficient of Cr-DLC, W-DLC and TiN films deposited on the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy were lower than that of Ti6Al4V itself under dry friction condition. Compared with the condition under dry friction, the friction coefficient of Ti6Al4V and the three films prepared on its surface were increased in the salt spray corrosion atmosphere. Compared with wear volume of Ti6Al4V alloy, that of Cr-DLC, W-DLC and TiN films was reduced under the conditions of dry friction and salt spray corrosion. Under the dry friction condition, the wear volume of W-DLC film was 0.0017 mm~3, and the film showed the best wear resistance. Under the salt spray corrosion condition, the wear volume of TiN film was 0.0028 mm~3, and the film exhibited the best corrosive wear resistance. It could be concluded from wear scar morphology that the wear of metal-doped diamond-like carbon films prepared on the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy was affected by dual mechanism of abrasive wear and corrosion wear under the condition of salt spray corrosion. Ti alloy is well protected by the three kinds of surface functional films under the condition of salt spray corrosion friction, and wear loss is greatly reduced.
引文
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[2]VLADIMIR T,VLADIMIR P,THOMAS C,et al.Surface engineering of Ti6Al4V surfaces for enhanced tribocorrosion performance in artificial seawater[J].Materials and design,2016,104:10-18.
[3]C莱茵斯,M皮特尔斯.钛与钛合金[M].陈振华,译.北京:化学工业出版社,2005:417-421.LEYENS C,PETERS M.Titanium and titanium alloys[M].CHEN Zhen-hua,translated.Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2005:417-421.
[4]屠振密,李宁,朱永明,等.钛及钛合金表面处理技术的应用及发展[C]//2009年全国电子电镀及表面处理学术交流会.上海:[s.n.],2009:43-47.TU Zhen-mi,LI Ning,ZHU Yong-ming,et al.Applications and advances on surface treatment for titanium and titanium alloy[C]//2009 year national electroplating and surface treatment symposium proceedings.Shanghai:[s.n.],2009:43-47.
[5]秦建峰,王馨舶,邹娇娟,等.热氧化提高钛及钛合金表面性能的研究进展[J].表面技术,2017,46(1):1-8.QIN Jian-feng,WANG Xin-bo,ZOU Jiao-juan,et al.Research progress of thermal oxidation effect on improving surface properties of titanium and titanium alloy[J].Surface technology,2017,46(1):1-8.
[6]李争显,刘瑞斌,华云峰,等.钛表面薄膜技术的应用现状及发展[J].钛工业进展,2014,31(1):1-5.LI Zheng-xian,LIU Rui-bin,HUA Yun-feng,et al.Progress in research of film technology for titanium alloys[J].Titanium industry progress,2014,31(1):1-5.
[7]刘建立,王智,张玉娟,等.Ti6A14V合金上类金刚石膜的摩擦学性能及腐蚀行为[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2011,40(2):255-258.LIU Jian-li,WANG Zhi,ZHANG Yu-juan,et al.Tribological characterization and corrosion behavior of DLCfilms on Ti6A14V alloy[J].Rare metal materials and engineering,2011,40(2):255-258.
[8]ARSLAN E,TOTIK Y,EFEOGLU I.The investigation of the tribocorrosion properties of DLC coatings deposited on Ti6Al4V alloys by CFUBMS[J].Progress in organic coatings,2012,74:768-771.
[9]AMANOV A,WATABE T,TSUBOI R,et al.Fretting wear and fracture behaviors of Cr-doped and non-doped DLC films deposited on Ti-6Al-4V alloy by unbalanced magnetron sputtering[J].Tribology international,2013,62:49-57.
[10]MARTINI C,CESCHIINI L,CASADEI B,et al.Dry sliding behaviour of hydrogenated amorphous carbon(a-C:H)coatings on Ti-6Al-4V[J].Wear,2011,271:2025-2036.
[11]LI Hong-tao,LIU Yan-jie,JIANG Bai-ling,et al.The structure and toughness of Ti N coatings prepared by modulated pulsed power magnetron sputtering[J].Vacuum,2016,125:165-169.
[12]ALI R,SEBASTIANI M,BEMPORAD E.Influence of Ti-Ti N multilayer PVD-coatings design on residual stresses and adhesion[J].Materials and design,2015,75:47-56.
[13]PROUDHON H,SAVKOVA J,BASSEVILLE S,et al.Experimental and numerical wear studies of porous reactive plasma sprayed Ti-6Al-4V/Ti N composite coating[J].Wear,2014,311:159-166.
[14]YUHAZRI M,JEEFFERIE A R,SIHOMBING H,et al.Effect of parameter controlled in Ti N coating on the mild steel substrate[J].International journal of engineering science and technology,2011,3(3):2113-2117.
[15]ANDERSSON J,ERCK R A,ERDEMIR A.Frictional behavior of diamond-like carbon films in vacuum and under varying water vapor pressure[J].Surface&coatings technology,2003,163:535-540.