地应力套心解除法测量精度的校验方法研究
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摘要
介绍了国内外空心包体应变计等套心解除地应力测试技术的基本情况,套心解除测试技术测量精度研究的现状,进行测量精度校验研究的依据和重要意义。提出了一种在岩石洞室进行校验试验的装置,论述了校验试验环境、物理模型组成、试验过程和试验真值获取注意事项。首次给出并重点论述了二维和三维地应力测量精度的定量表述方法,给出了量值综合误差、量值最大误差、角度综合误差和角度最大误差公式,以及多样本的平均误差公式。对上述测量精度误差公式的表述效果进行了讨论,对比了在"一般情况下"和"极端情况下"综合误差和最大误差表述方式的效果,明确了表述公式的适用性。
The paper briefly introduces the basic situation of the technology of in-situ stress measuring methods by hollow inclusion cell and other overcoring test techniques at home and abroad. It demonstrates the present situation of measurement accuracy research of the above techniques,and the basis and significance of calibrating the accuracy of measurement. A simple device for calibrating in rock caverns was proposed,and the environment of calibrating test,physical model constitution,test process and the acquisition of the truth-value were discussed. Quantitative representation methods for measuring accuracy of 2 D and 3 D geo-stress test results were first given and discussed emphatically. The magnitude synthetic error,error of maximum magnitude,angle synthetic error,error of maximum angle formulas,and the mean error formula for multiple samples were presented. The expression effect of the error formula were discussed. The effect of synthetic error and maximum error expressions were compared in"general"and"extreme"cases,and the applicability of the formulas were clarified.
The paper briefly introduces the basic situation of the technology of in-situ stress measuring methods by hollow inclusion cell and other overcoring test techniques at home and abroad. It demonstrates the present situation of measurement accuracy research of the above techniques,and the basis and significance of calibrating the accuracy of measurement. A simple device for calibrating in rock caverns was proposed,and the environment of calibrating test,physical model constitution,test process and the acquisition of the truth-value were discussed. Quantitative representation methods for measuring accuracy of 2 D and 3 D geo-stress test results were first given and discussed emphatically. The magnitude synthetic error,error of maximum magnitude,angle synthetic error,error of maximum angle formulas,and the mean error formula for multiple samples were presented. The expression effect of the error formula were discussed. The effect of synthetic error and maximum error expressions were compared in"general"and"extreme"cases,and the applicability of the formulas were clarified.
引文
[1]Kim K,Franklin J A.Suggested methods for rock stress determination[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics Mining Science&Geomechanics Abstratcs,1987,24(1):53-73.
[2]Sjoberg J,Christiansson R,Hudson J A.ISRM suggested methods for rock stress estimation-Part 2:overcoring methods[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics Mining Sciences,2003,40(7):999-1010.
[3]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.工程岩体试验方法标准(GB/T 50266-2013)[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2003.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People’s Republic of China.Standard for test methods of engineering rock mass(GB/T 50266-2003)[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2003.(in Chinese))
[4]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.水利水电工程岩石试验规程(SL264-2001)[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People&s Republic of China.Specifications for rock tests in water conservancy and hydroelectric engineering(SL264-2001)[S].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[5]高会春,杨胜利,刘新杰,等.空心包体地应力测试方法与工程应用[J].煤炭工程,2015,47(4):83-85,89.(Gao Huichun,Yan Shengli,Liu Xinjie,et al.Hollow inclusion in-situ stress test method and engineering application[J].Coal Engineering,2015,47(4):83-85,89.(in Chinese))
[6]刘允芳,尹健民,刘鸿.地应力测量方法和工程应用[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,2014.(Liu Yunfang,Yin Jianmin,Liu Hong.Geostress measurement methods and engineering application[M].Wuhan:Hubei Science&Technology Press,2014.(in Chinese))
[7]刘允芳,尹健民,刘元坤.空心包体式钻式三向应变计测试技术探讨[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(2):291-296.(Liu Yunfang,Yin Jianmin,Liu Yuankun.Measuring techniques for hollow inclusion triaxial strain cells[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(2):291-296.(in Chinese))
[8]刘元坤,石安池,韩晓玉,等.裂隙较发育岩体的地应力测量与研究[J].长江科学院院报,2017,34(12):63-67.(Liu Yuankun,Shi Anchi,Han Xiaoyu,et al.Measurement and research on in-situ stress of joined and fractured rock mass[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2017,34(12):63-67,(in Chinese))
[9]刘允芳,尹健民,刘元坤.深钻孔套芯应力解除法的测量技术和实例[J].长江科学院院报,2008,25(5):1-6.(Liu Yunfang,Yin Jianmin,Liu Yuankun.Measuring techniques and examples of overcoring method in deep borehole[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2008,25(5):1-6.(in Chinese))
[10]刘元坤,尹健民,邬爱清,等.一种存储式地应力测试装置[P].中国专利:201220109463.8,2012-10-10.(Liu Yuankun,Yin Jianmin,Wu Aiqing,et al.Astorage type geostress measurement device[P].People’s Republic of China:201220109463.8,2012-10-10.(in Chinese))
[11]韩晓玉,黄孝泉,李永松,等.乌东德水电工程河谷地应力场分布规律[J].长江科学院院报,2015,32(11):34-39.(Han Xiaoyu,Huang Xiaoquan,Li Yongsong,et al.Distribution of geostress field in the valley of Wudongde hydropower project[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2015,32(11):34-39.(in Chinese))
[12]李永松,尹健民,艾凯,等.深圳抽水蓄能电站地应力测试分析及其在地下硐室设计中的应用[J].岩石力学及工程学报,2006,25(增2):3965-3970.(Li Yongsong,Yin Jianmin,Ai Kai,et al.Measurement and analysis of geostress for underground engineering design of Shenzhen pumped storage plant[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,(Supp.2):3965-3970.(in Chinese))
[13]艾凯,王汇明,韩晓玉,等.阳江抽水蓄能电站套芯解除法深钻孔三维地应力测量研究[J].华北水利水电学院学报,2007,28(4):72-75.(Ai Kai,Wang Huiming,Han Xiaoyu,et al.Overcoring method in deep borehole of 3D geostress measuring research at Yangjiang pumped storage plant[J].Journal of North China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power,2007,28(4):72-75.(in Chinese))
[14]乔兰,蔡美峰.应力解除法在某金矿地应力测量中的新进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1995,14(2):25-32.(Qiao Lan,Cai Meifeng.New development of stress relief method for determination of in-situ stresses in a gold mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1995,14(2):25-32.(in Chinese))
[15]李远,王卓,乔兰,等.基于双温度补偿的瞬接续采型空心包体地应力测试技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(6):1479-1487.(Li Yuan,Wang Zhuo,Qiao Lan.Development of CSIRO cell with the compromised application of instantaneous data-logging,no-power data-connection and twin temperature compensation techniques[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(6):1479-1487.(in Chinese))
[16]隋智力,乔兰,孙歆硕,等.改进型空心包体应变计测量裕源井田地应力[J].金属矿山,2009(8):76-79.(Sui Zhili,Qiao Lan,Sun Xinshuo,et al.In-situ stress measurement by CSIRO hollow inclusion cell in Yuyuan mine[J].Metal Mime,2009(8):76-79.(in Chinese))
[17]刘少伟,樊克松,尚鹏翔.空心包体应力计温度补偿元件的设计及应用[J].煤田地质与勘探,2014,42(6):105-109.(Liu Shaowei,Fan Kesong,Shang Pengxiang.Design and application of temperature compensating element of hollow inclusion stress gauge[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2014,42(6):105-109.(in Chinese))
[18]蔡美峰,乔兰,李华斌.地应力测量原理和技术[M].科学出版社,1995.(Cai Meifeng,Qiao Lan,Li Huabin.Principle and technique of geostress measurement[M].Science Press,1995.(in Chinese))
[19]蔡美峰.提高地应力测量精度几个问题的研究[J].长江科学院院报,1992,9(3):45-52.(Cai Meifeng,A Study on some problems of geostress survey accuracy[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,1992,9(3):45-52.(in Chinese))
[20]蔡美峰,乔兰,于劲波.空心包体应变计测量精度问题[J].岩土工程学报,1994,16(6):15-20.(Cai Meifeng,Qiao Lan,Yu Jinbo.Problems on accuracy of hollow inclusion strain cell[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,1994,16(6):15-20.(in Chinese))
[21]李远,乔兰,孙歆硕.关于影响空心包体应变计地应力测量精度若干因素的讨论[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):2140-2144.(Li Yuan,Qiao Lan,Sun Xinshuo.Analyses of some factors affecting precision in in-situ stress measurement with method of CSIRO cells[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(10):2140-2144.(in Chinese))
[22]Cai M,Qiao L,Yu J.Study and tests of techniques for increasing overcoring stress measurement accuracy[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1995,32(4):375-384.
[23]王衍森,吴振业.地应力测量应变值检验及应变计最佳布片方式[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(1):53-55.(Wang Yansen,Wu Zhenye.Direct method to verify virgin stress measurement and the optimum rosette arrangement style of hollow inclusion cell[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1999,21(1):53-55.(in Chinese))
[24]韩晓玉,李永松,李峰.地应力测值评价方法研究[J].人民长江,2011,42(24):7-9.(Han Xiaoyu,Li Yongsong,Li Feng.Research on evaluation methods for measured data of geo-stress[J].Yangtze River,2011,42(24):7-9.(in Chinese))
[25]韩晓玉,明静,艾凯.常用地应力测试技术评价[J].长江科学院院报,2010,27(12):36-41.(Han Xiaoyu,Ming Jing,Ai Kai.Evaluation on commonly used methods of in-situ stress testing technique[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2010,27(12):36-41.(in Chinese))
[2]Sjoberg J,Christiansson R,Hudson J A.ISRM suggested methods for rock stress estimation-Part 2:overcoring methods[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics Mining Sciences,2003,40(7):999-1010.
[3]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.工程岩体试验方法标准(GB/T 50266-2013)[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2003.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People’s Republic of China.Standard for test methods of engineering rock mass(GB/T 50266-2003)[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2003.(in Chinese))
[4]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.水利水电工程岩石试验规程(SL264-2001)[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People&s Republic of China.Specifications for rock tests in water conservancy and hydroelectric engineering(SL264-2001)[S].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[5]高会春,杨胜利,刘新杰,等.空心包体地应力测试方法与工程应用[J].煤炭工程,2015,47(4):83-85,89.(Gao Huichun,Yan Shengli,Liu Xinjie,et al.Hollow inclusion in-situ stress test method and engineering application[J].Coal Engineering,2015,47(4):83-85,89.(in Chinese))
[6]刘允芳,尹健民,刘鸿.地应力测量方法和工程应用[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,2014.(Liu Yunfang,Yin Jianmin,Liu Hong.Geostress measurement methods and engineering application[M].Wuhan:Hubei Science&Technology Press,2014.(in Chinese))
[7]刘允芳,尹健民,刘元坤.空心包体式钻式三向应变计测试技术探讨[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(2):291-296.(Liu Yunfang,Yin Jianmin,Liu Yuankun.Measuring techniques for hollow inclusion triaxial strain cells[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(2):291-296.(in Chinese))
[8]刘元坤,石安池,韩晓玉,等.裂隙较发育岩体的地应力测量与研究[J].长江科学院院报,2017,34(12):63-67.(Liu Yuankun,Shi Anchi,Han Xiaoyu,et al.Measurement and research on in-situ stress of joined and fractured rock mass[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2017,34(12):63-67,(in Chinese))
[9]刘允芳,尹健民,刘元坤.深钻孔套芯应力解除法的测量技术和实例[J].长江科学院院报,2008,25(5):1-6.(Liu Yunfang,Yin Jianmin,Liu Yuankun.Measuring techniques and examples of overcoring method in deep borehole[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2008,25(5):1-6.(in Chinese))
[10]刘元坤,尹健民,邬爱清,等.一种存储式地应力测试装置[P].中国专利:201220109463.8,2012-10-10.(Liu Yuankun,Yin Jianmin,Wu Aiqing,et al.Astorage type geostress measurement device[P].People’s Republic of China:201220109463.8,2012-10-10.(in Chinese))
[11]韩晓玉,黄孝泉,李永松,等.乌东德水电工程河谷地应力场分布规律[J].长江科学院院报,2015,32(11):34-39.(Han Xiaoyu,Huang Xiaoquan,Li Yongsong,et al.Distribution of geostress field in the valley of Wudongde hydropower project[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2015,32(11):34-39.(in Chinese))
[12]李永松,尹健民,艾凯,等.深圳抽水蓄能电站地应力测试分析及其在地下硐室设计中的应用[J].岩石力学及工程学报,2006,25(增2):3965-3970.(Li Yongsong,Yin Jianmin,Ai Kai,et al.Measurement and analysis of geostress for underground engineering design of Shenzhen pumped storage plant[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,(Supp.2):3965-3970.(in Chinese))
[13]艾凯,王汇明,韩晓玉,等.阳江抽水蓄能电站套芯解除法深钻孔三维地应力测量研究[J].华北水利水电学院学报,2007,28(4):72-75.(Ai Kai,Wang Huiming,Han Xiaoyu,et al.Overcoring method in deep borehole of 3D geostress measuring research at Yangjiang pumped storage plant[J].Journal of North China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power,2007,28(4):72-75.(in Chinese))
[14]乔兰,蔡美峰.应力解除法在某金矿地应力测量中的新进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1995,14(2):25-32.(Qiao Lan,Cai Meifeng.New development of stress relief method for determination of in-situ stresses in a gold mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1995,14(2):25-32.(in Chinese))
[15]李远,王卓,乔兰,等.基于双温度补偿的瞬接续采型空心包体地应力测试技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(6):1479-1487.(Li Yuan,Wang Zhuo,Qiao Lan.Development of CSIRO cell with the compromised application of instantaneous data-logging,no-power data-connection and twin temperature compensation techniques[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(6):1479-1487.(in Chinese))
[16]隋智力,乔兰,孙歆硕,等.改进型空心包体应变计测量裕源井田地应力[J].金属矿山,2009(8):76-79.(Sui Zhili,Qiao Lan,Sun Xinshuo,et al.In-situ stress measurement by CSIRO hollow inclusion cell in Yuyuan mine[J].Metal Mime,2009(8):76-79.(in Chinese))
[17]刘少伟,樊克松,尚鹏翔.空心包体应力计温度补偿元件的设计及应用[J].煤田地质与勘探,2014,42(6):105-109.(Liu Shaowei,Fan Kesong,Shang Pengxiang.Design and application of temperature compensating element of hollow inclusion stress gauge[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2014,42(6):105-109.(in Chinese))
[18]蔡美峰,乔兰,李华斌.地应力测量原理和技术[M].科学出版社,1995.(Cai Meifeng,Qiao Lan,Li Huabin.Principle and technique of geostress measurement[M].Science Press,1995.(in Chinese))
[19]蔡美峰.提高地应力测量精度几个问题的研究[J].长江科学院院报,1992,9(3):45-52.(Cai Meifeng,A Study on some problems of geostress survey accuracy[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,1992,9(3):45-52.(in Chinese))
[20]蔡美峰,乔兰,于劲波.空心包体应变计测量精度问题[J].岩土工程学报,1994,16(6):15-20.(Cai Meifeng,Qiao Lan,Yu Jinbo.Problems on accuracy of hollow inclusion strain cell[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,1994,16(6):15-20.(in Chinese))
[21]李远,乔兰,孙歆硕.关于影响空心包体应变计地应力测量精度若干因素的讨论[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):2140-2144.(Li Yuan,Qiao Lan,Sun Xinshuo.Analyses of some factors affecting precision in in-situ stress measurement with method of CSIRO cells[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(10):2140-2144.(in Chinese))
[22]Cai M,Qiao L,Yu J.Study and tests of techniques for increasing overcoring stress measurement accuracy[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1995,32(4):375-384.
[23]王衍森,吴振业.地应力测量应变值检验及应变计最佳布片方式[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(1):53-55.(Wang Yansen,Wu Zhenye.Direct method to verify virgin stress measurement and the optimum rosette arrangement style of hollow inclusion cell[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1999,21(1):53-55.(in Chinese))
[24]韩晓玉,李永松,李峰.地应力测值评价方法研究[J].人民长江,2011,42(24):7-9.(Han Xiaoyu,Li Yongsong,Li Feng.Research on evaluation methods for measured data of geo-stress[J].Yangtze River,2011,42(24):7-9.(in Chinese))
[25]韩晓玉,明静,艾凯.常用地应力测试技术评价[J].长江科学院院报,2010,27(12):36-41.(Han Xiaoyu,Ming Jing,Ai Kai.Evaluation on commonly used methods of in-situ stress testing technique[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2010,27(12):36-41.(in Chinese))