半干旱区县域景观格局变化轨迹识别——以宁夏盐池县为例
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摘要
细致的景观格局时空刻画可以为格局与过程耦合机制分析奠定坚实的数据基础。以半干旱区县域景观格局变化轨迹识别为目标,基于Landsat影像构建了宁夏盐池县1988-2017年景观格局序列,识别景观组分、构型的演化轨迹。研究表明:(1)盐池县研究时段内植被整体增加,显著增加的景观占比为33.53%;裸土整体减少,显著减少的景观占比为35.78%。(2)四项景观构型指数显示,近年来盐池县景观斑块的边缘复杂程度有所加强,除植被的集聚程度不断增加外,其他景观类型的集聚程度相对稳定。(3)盐池县35.08%的像元发生变化,其中变化1次和2次的像元分别占比54.63%和28.60%,首末变化年份间隔为三年的像元占比12.39%。基于连续年份的半干旱区景观变化轨迹判定,可为生态恢复长期监测提供有力的方法支持。
The detailed spatiotemporal dynamic description of landscape pattern can lay a solid foundation for the data analysis of the coupling mechanism between landscape pattern and ecological process. The current analysis of landscape pattern is in urgent need of developing from the description of static pattern to the quantification of dynamic pattern, so as to link the landscape pattern and ecological process more precisely in detailed time scale. In this study, we regard the change of landscape pattern tracking in the semi-arid region of China as the scientific objective. As the Landsat time series data can capture the detailed information of land use/cover, we constructed the landscape pattern sequence of Yanchi county from 1988 to 2017,defined the rule of landscape pattern change, and explicated the evolution of landscape compositions and configurations based on the Landsat time series remote images in this study.The results show that:(1) Landscape experienced a significant increase of 33.53% in vegetation during the research period, and a significant decrease of 35.78% in bare soil;(2) The four landscape configuration indexes showed that the edge complexity of the landscape patches has been strengthened in recent years, and the agglomeration degree of other landscape types is relatively stable except for the increasing agglomeration degree of vegetation;(3) 35.08% of he pixel changed, among which the pixel changes once or twice accounted for 54.63% and28.60%, respectively, and the pixel with a three-year interval between the first and last changes accounted for 12.39%. The determination of landscape change trajectories in the semi-arid region over continuous years can improve a powerful support for the long-term monitoring of ecological restoration.
The detailed spatiotemporal dynamic description of landscape pattern can lay a solid foundation for the data analysis of the coupling mechanism between landscape pattern and ecological process. The current analysis of landscape pattern is in urgent need of developing from the description of static pattern to the quantification of dynamic pattern, so as to link the landscape pattern and ecological process more precisely in detailed time scale. In this study, we regard the change of landscape pattern tracking in the semi-arid region of China as the scientific objective. As the Landsat time series data can capture the detailed information of land use/cover, we constructed the landscape pattern sequence of Yanchi county from 1988 to 2017,defined the rule of landscape pattern change, and explicated the evolution of landscape compositions and configurations based on the Landsat time series remote images in this study.The results show that:(1) Landscape experienced a significant increase of 33.53% in vegetation during the research period, and a significant decrease of 35.78% in bare soil;(2) The four landscape configuration indexes showed that the edge complexity of the landscape patches has been strengthened in recent years, and the agglomeration degree of other landscape types is relatively stable except for the increasing agglomeration degree of vegetation;(3) 35.08% of he pixel changed, among which the pixel changes once or twice accounted for 54.63% and28.60%, respectively, and the pixel with a three-year interval between the first and last changes accounted for 12.39%. The determination of landscape change trajectories in the semi-arid region over continuous years can improve a powerful support for the long-term monitoring of ecological restoration.
引文
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[18]陈妍,宋豫秦,王伟.基于随机森林回归的草场植被盖度反演模型研究:以新疆阿勒泰地区布尔津县为例.生态学报, 2018, 38(7):2384-2394.[CHEN Y, SONG Y Q, WANG W. A Study on the inversion model of vegetation cover based on random forest regression:A case study of Burqin county in Altay region, Xinjiang. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018, 38(7):2384-2394.]
[19]王娜,李强子,杜鑫,等.单变量特征选择的苏北地区主要农作物遥感识别.遥感学报, 2017, 21(4):519-530.[WANG N, LI Q Z, DU X, et al. Remote sensing identification of main crops in Northern Jiangsu based on univariate feature selection. Journal of Remote Sensing, 2017, 21(4):519-530.]
[20]徐涵秋.一种基于指数的新型遥感建筑用地指数及其生态环境意义.遥感技术与应用, 2007, 22(3):301-308.[XU H Q. A new type of remote sensing building land index based on index and its ecological environment significance. Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 2007, 22(3):301-308.]
[21]徐涵秋.利用改进的归一化差异水体指数(MNDWI)提取水体信息的研究.遥感学报, 2005, 9(5):589-595.[XU H Q. Study on extracting water body information using improved Normalized Difference Water Index(MNDWI). Journal of Remote Sensing, 2005, 9(5):589-595.]
[22]刘宪锋,胡宝怡,任志远.黄土高原植被生态系统水分利用效率时空变化及驱动因素.中国农业科学, 2018, 51(2):302-314.[LIU X F, HU B Y, REN Z Y. Temporal and spatial variations of water use efficiency and driving factors of vegetation ecosystem in the Loess Plateau. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(2):302-314.]
[23]李双双,杨赛霓,刘宪锋. 1960-2013年秦岭—淮河南北极端降水时空变化特征及其影响因素.地理科学进展, 2015,34(3):354-363.[LI S S, YANG S N, LIU X F. Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of precipitation and its influencing factors in the arctic end of the Qinling-Huaihe River from 1960 to 2013. Progress in Geography, 2015, 34(3):354-363.]
[24] LIU Y X, PENG J, WANG Y L. Application of partial least squares regression in detecting the important landscape indicators determining urban land surface temperature variation. Landscape Ecology, 2018, 33:1133-1145.
[25]程国栋,肖笃宁,王根绪.论干旱区景观生态特征与景观生态建设.地球科学进展, 1999, 14(1):13-17.[CHENG G D, XIAO D N, WANG G X. On landscape ecological characteristics and landscape ecological construction in arid areas.Advance in Earth Science, 1999, 14(1):13-17.]
[26]徐兰,罗维,周宝同.基于土地利用变化的农牧交错带典型流域生态风险评价:以洋河为例.自然资源学报, 2015,30(4):580-590.[XU L, LUO W, ZHOU B T. Landscape ecological risk assessment of farming-pastoral ecozone based on land use change:A case study of the Yanghe Watershed, China. Journal of Nature Resources, 2015, 30(4):580-590.]
[27]王朗,徐延大,傅伯杰,等.半干旱区景观格局于生态水文过程研究进展.地球科学进展, 2009, 24(11):1238-1243.[WANG L, XU Y D, FU B J, et al. Landscape pattern and eco-hydrological process. Advance in Earth Science, 2009, 24(11):1238-1243.]
[28]陈影,哈凯,贺文龙,等.冀西北间山盆地区景观格局变化及优化研究:以河北省怀来县为例.自然资源学报, 2016,31(4):556-569.[CHEN Y, HA K, HE W L, et al. Study on the change and optimization of landscape pattern in the basin of Northwest Hebei Mountains:A case study of Huailai county, Hebei province. Journal of Nature Resources, 2016, 31(4):556-569.]
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[2]吕一河,陈利顶,傅伯杰.景观格局与生态过程的耦合途径分析.地理科学进展, 2007, 26(3):1-10.[LYU Y H, CHEN L D, FU B J. Analysis of the integrating approach on landscape pattern and ecological processes. Progress in Geography,2007, 26(3):1-10.]
[3]彭建,赵会娟,刘焱序,等.区域生态安全格局构建研究进展与展望.地理研究, 2017, 36(3):407-419.[PENG J,ZHAO H J, LIU Y X, et al. Research progress and prospects on regional ecological security pattern construction. Geographical Research, 2017, 36(3):407-419.]
[4]宁立新,周云凯,白秀玲,等.鄱阳湖区景观格局季相变化及其优化调控研究.自然资源学报, 2018, 33(3):439-453.[NING L X, ZHOU Y K, BAI X L, et al. Research on the seasonal variations and optimization of landscape pattern in Poyang Lake region, China. Journal of Nature Resources, 2018, 33(3):439-453.]
[5]陈立顶,孙然好,刘海莲.城市景观格局演变的生态环境效应研究进展.生态学报, 2013, 33(4):1042-1050.[CHEN L D, SUN R H, LIU H L. Eco-environmental effects of urban landscape pattern changes:Progresses, problems, and perspectives. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013, 33(4):1042-1050.]
[6]冯舒,赵文武,陈利顶,等. 2010年来黄土高原景观生态研究进展.生态学报, 2017, 37(12):3957-3966.[FENG S,ZHAO W W, CHEN L D, et al. Advances in landscape ecology research on the Loess Plateau since 2010. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017, 37(12):3957-3966.]
[7]张秋菊,傅伯杰,陈利顶.关于景观格局演变研究的几个问题.地理科学, 2003, 23(3):264-270.[ZHANG Q J, FU B J, CHEN L D. Several questions about the evolution of landscape pattern. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2003, 23(3):264-270.]
[8]吴健生,王政,张理卿,等.景观格局变化驱动力研究进展.地理科学进展, 2012, 31(12):1739-1746.[WU J S, WANG Z, ZHANG L Q, et al. Research progress on the driving force of landscape pattern change. Progress in Geography, 2012,31(12):1739-1746.]
[9] CAO R, CHEN Y, SHEN M G, et al. A simple method to improve the quality of NDVI time-series data by integrating spatiotemporal information with the Savitzky-Golay filter. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2018, 217:244-257.
[10] NGUYEN T H, SIMON D J, MARIELA S B, et al. A spatial and temporal analysis of forest dynamics using Landsat time-series. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2018, 217:461-475.
[11] BONNEY M T, DANBY R K, TREITZ P K, et al. Landscape variability of vegetation change across the forest to tundra transition of central Canada. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2018, 217:18-29.
[12] XU Y D, YU L, ZHAO F R, et al. Tracking annual cropland changes from 1984 to 2016 using time-series Landsat images with a change-detection and post-classi?cation approach:Experiments from three sites in Africa. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2018, 218:13-31.
[13]周华荣,肖笃宁,周可法.干旱区景观格局空间过程变化的廊道效应:以塔里木河中下游河流廊道区域为例.科学通报, 2006, 51(S1):66-72.[ZHOU H R, XIAO D N, ZHOU K F. Corridor effect of spatial process changes in landscape patterns in arid areas:A case study of river corridor areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2006, 51(S1):66-72.]
[14]陈建军,张树文,郑冬梅.景观格局定量分析中的不确定性.干旱区研究, 2005, 22(1):63-67.[CHEN J J, ZHANG S W, ZHENG D M. Uncertainty of the quantitative analysis on landscape patterns. Arid Zone Research, 2005, 22(1):63-67.]
[15]郑朝菊,曾源,赵玉金,等. 20世纪90年代以来中国西南地区土地覆被变化.生态学报, 2016, 36(23):7858-7869.[ZHENG C J, ZENG Y, ZHAO Y J, et al. Land cover change in Southwest China since the 1990s. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(23):7858-7869.]
[16]石培基,王祖静,刘春芳.石羊河流域土地覆被空间演化及驱动机制.生态学报, 2014, 34(15):4361-4371.[SHI P J,WANG Z J, LIU C F. Spatial evolution and driving mechanism of land cover in Shiyang River Basin. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(15):4361-4371.]
[17]苏伟,李京,陈云浩,等.基于多尺度影像分割的面向对象城市土地覆被分类研究:以马来西亚吉隆坡市城市中心区为例.遥感学报, 2007, 11(4):521-530.[SU W, LI J, CHEN Y H, et al. Classification of object-oriented urban land cover based on multiscale image segmentation:A case study of the city center of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Journal of Remote Sensing, 2007, 11(4):521-530.]
[18]陈妍,宋豫秦,王伟.基于随机森林回归的草场植被盖度反演模型研究:以新疆阿勒泰地区布尔津县为例.生态学报, 2018, 38(7):2384-2394.[CHEN Y, SONG Y Q, WANG W. A Study on the inversion model of vegetation cover based on random forest regression:A case study of Burqin county in Altay region, Xinjiang. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018, 38(7):2384-2394.]
[19]王娜,李强子,杜鑫,等.单变量特征选择的苏北地区主要农作物遥感识别.遥感学报, 2017, 21(4):519-530.[WANG N, LI Q Z, DU X, et al. Remote sensing identification of main crops in Northern Jiangsu based on univariate feature selection. Journal of Remote Sensing, 2017, 21(4):519-530.]
[20]徐涵秋.一种基于指数的新型遥感建筑用地指数及其生态环境意义.遥感技术与应用, 2007, 22(3):301-308.[XU H Q. A new type of remote sensing building land index based on index and its ecological environment significance. Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 2007, 22(3):301-308.]
[21]徐涵秋.利用改进的归一化差异水体指数(MNDWI)提取水体信息的研究.遥感学报, 2005, 9(5):589-595.[XU H Q. Study on extracting water body information using improved Normalized Difference Water Index(MNDWI). Journal of Remote Sensing, 2005, 9(5):589-595.]
[22]刘宪锋,胡宝怡,任志远.黄土高原植被生态系统水分利用效率时空变化及驱动因素.中国农业科学, 2018, 51(2):302-314.[LIU X F, HU B Y, REN Z Y. Temporal and spatial variations of water use efficiency and driving factors of vegetation ecosystem in the Loess Plateau. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(2):302-314.]
[23]李双双,杨赛霓,刘宪锋. 1960-2013年秦岭—淮河南北极端降水时空变化特征及其影响因素.地理科学进展, 2015,34(3):354-363.[LI S S, YANG S N, LIU X F. Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of precipitation and its influencing factors in the arctic end of the Qinling-Huaihe River from 1960 to 2013. Progress in Geography, 2015, 34(3):354-363.]
[24] LIU Y X, PENG J, WANG Y L. Application of partial least squares regression in detecting the important landscape indicators determining urban land surface temperature variation. Landscape Ecology, 2018, 33:1133-1145.
[25]程国栋,肖笃宁,王根绪.论干旱区景观生态特征与景观生态建设.地球科学进展, 1999, 14(1):13-17.[CHENG G D, XIAO D N, WANG G X. On landscape ecological characteristics and landscape ecological construction in arid areas.Advance in Earth Science, 1999, 14(1):13-17.]
[26]徐兰,罗维,周宝同.基于土地利用变化的农牧交错带典型流域生态风险评价:以洋河为例.自然资源学报, 2015,30(4):580-590.[XU L, LUO W, ZHOU B T. Landscape ecological risk assessment of farming-pastoral ecozone based on land use change:A case study of the Yanghe Watershed, China. Journal of Nature Resources, 2015, 30(4):580-590.]
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